Alligator
| Image | Scientific name | Common name | Family | Conservation concern |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Alligator mississippiensis | American alligator | Alligatoridae | No longer listed as endangered, U.S. Fish and Wildlife now lists as threatened |
The U.S. state of Alabama is home to 93 indigenous reptile species, not including subspecies. Indigenous species include one species of crocodilian, 12 lizard species, 49 snake species, and 31 turtle species. Three native species have possibly been extirpated from the state. These include the eastern indigo snake, southern hognose snake and the mimic glass lizard. [1] [2]
There are four known introduced reptile species, all lizards. [3] They include the Indo-Pacific gecko, brown anole, Texas horned lizard, and Mediterranean house gecko. [4]
Human predation and habitat destruction has placed several reptile species and subspecies at risk of extirpation or extinction. The Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources lists the conservation status of each species within the state with a rank of lowest, low, moderate, high, and highest concern. [3] [5] [6] [7]
| Image | Scientific name | Common name | Family | Conservation concern |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| | Alligator mississippiensis | American alligator | Alligatoridae | No longer listed as endangered, U.S. Fish and Wildlife now lists as threatened |
| Image | Scientific name | Common name | Family | Conservation concern |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Ophisaurus attenuatus longicaudus | eastern slender glass lizard | Anguidae | Moderate |
 | Ophisaurus mimicus | mimic glass lizard | Anguidae | Possibly extirpated |
 | Ophisaurus ventralis | eastern glass lizard | Anguidae | Moderate |
 | Hemidactylus garnotii | Indo-Pacific gecko | Gekkonidae | Exotic |
 | Hemidactylus turcicus | Mediterranean house gecko | Gekkonidae | Exotic |
 | Anolis carolinensis carolinensis | green anole | Dactyloidae | Lowest |
 | Anolis sagrei carolinensis | brown anole | Dactyloidae | Exotic |
 | Phrynosoma cornutum | Texas horned lizard | Phrynosomatidae | Exotic |
 | Sceloporus undulatus | eastern fence lizard | Phrynosomatidae | Low |
 | Plestiodon anthracinus | coal skink | Scincidae | High |
 | Plestiodon egregius | mole skink | Scincidae | Low/ Possibly declining |
 | Plestiodon fasciatus | five-lined skink | Scincidae | Lowest |
 | Plestiodon inexpectatus | southeastern five-lined skink | Scincidae | High |
 | Plestiodon laticeps | broad-headed skink | Scincidae | Low |
 | Scincella lateralis | ground skink little brown skink | Scincidae | Low |
 | Cnemidophorus sexlineatus sexlineatus | eastern six-lined racerunner | Teiidae | Moderate |
Alabama is home to sixty-six known snake species and subspecies. There are nine snake species and subspecies that are venomous to humans in the state. The remaining fifty-five species and subspecies pose no threat to humans. [5] [8] [9]
| Image | Scientific name | Common name | Family | Venomous to humans | Conservation concern |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Agkistrodon contortrix | eastern copperhead | Viperidae | Yes | Lowest |
 | Agkistrodon conanti | Florida cottonmouth green-tailed moccasin | Viperidae | Yes | Lowest |
 | Agkistrodon piscivorus | northern cottonmouth water moccasin | Viperidae | Yes | Lowest |
 | Carphophis amoenus amoenus | eastern worm snake | Colubridae | No | Lowest |
 | Carphophis amoenus helenae | midwestern worm snake | Colubridae | No | Lowest |
| Cemophora coccinea copei | northern scarlet snake | Colubridae | No | Lowest | |
 | Coluber constrictor constrictor | northern black racer | Colubridae | No | Low |
 | Coluber constrictor priapus | southern black racer | Colubridae | No | Low |
 | Crotalus adamanteus | eastern diamondback rattlesnake | Viperidae | Yes | High |
 | Crotalus horridus | timber rattlesnake canebrake rattlesnake | Viperidae | Yes | Low |
 | Diadophis punctatus edwardsii | northern ringneck snake | Colubridae | No | Lowest |
 | Diadophis punctatus punctatus | southern ringneck snake | Colubridae | No | Lowest |
 | Diadophis punctatus stictogenys | Mississippi ringneck snake | Colubridae | No | Lowest |
 | Drymarchon couperi | eastern indigo snake | Colubridae | No | Highest, Possibly extirpated |
 | Elaphe obsoleta spiloides | gray rat snake | Colubridae | No | Lowest |
 | Farancia abacura abacura | eastern mud snake | Colubridae | No | Low |
 | Farancia abacura reinwardtii | western mud snake | Colubridae | No | Low |
 | Farancia erytrogramma erytrogramma | rainbow snake | Colubridae | No | Highest |
 | Heterodon platirhinos | eastern hognose snake | Colubridae | No | Moderate |
 | Heterodon simus | southern hognose snake | Colubridae | No | Highest, Possibly extirpated |
 | Lampropeltis calligaster calligaster | prairie kingsnake | Colubridae | No | High |
 | Lampropeltis calligaster rhombomaculata | mole kingsnake | Colubridae | No | Moderate |
 | Lampropeltis elapsoides | scarlet kingsnake | Colubridae | No | Low |
 | Lampropeltis getula getula | eastern kingsnake | Colubridae | No | High |
 | Lampropeltis getula holbrooki | speckled kingsnake | Colubridae | No | High |
 | Lampropeltis nigra | black kingsnake | Colubridae | No | Low |
 | Lampropeltis triangulum triangulum | eastern milk snake | Colubridae | No | Moderate |
 | Lampropeltis triangulum syspila | red milk snake | Colubridae | No | Moderate |
 | Masticophis flagellum flagellum | eastern coachwhip | Colubridae | No | Moderate |
 | Micrurus fulvius | eastern coral snake | Elapidae | Yes | High |
| Nerodia clarkii clarkii | Gulf salt marsh snake | Colubridae | No | Moderate | |
 | Nerodia cyclopion | Mississippi green water snake | Colubridae | No | Moderate |
| Nerodia erythrogaster erythrogaster | redbelly water snake | Colubridae | No | Lowest | |
 | Nerodia erythrogaster flavigaster | yellowbelly water snake | Colubridae | No | Lowest |
 | Nerodia fasciata confluens | broad-banded water snake | Colubridae | No | Lowest |
| Nerodia fasciata fasciata | southern banded water snake | Colubridae | No | Lowest | |
 | Nerodia fasciata pictiventris | Florida banded water snake | Colubridae | No | Lowest |
 | Nerodia floridana | Florida green water snake | Colubridae | No | Moderate |
 | Nerodia rhombifer | diamondback water snake | Colubridae | No | Low |
 | Nerodia sipedon pleuralis | midland water snake | Colubridae | No | Lowest |
 | Nerodia taxispilota | brown water snake | Colubridae | No | Low |
 | Opheodrys aestivus | rough green snake | Colubridae | No | Low |
 | Pantherophis guttatus guttatus | corn snake | Colubridae | No | Moderate |
 | Pantherophis obsoletus | black rat snake | Colubridae | No | Lowest |
 | Pituophis melanoleucus lodingi | black pine snake | Colubridae | No | Highest |
 | Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus | northern pine snake | Colubridae | No | High |
 | Pituophis melanoleucus mugitus | Florida pine snake | Colubridae | No | High |
 | Regina rigida sinicola | Gulf crayfish snake | Colubridae | No | Lowest |
 | Regina septemvittata | queen snake | Colubridae | No | Moderate |
 | Rhadinaea flavilata | pine woods snake | Colubridae | No | Moderate |
 | Seminatrix pygaea pygaea | North Florida swamp snake | Colubridae | No | High |
 | Sistrurus miliarius barbouri | dusky pigmy rattlesnake Florida ground rattlesnake | Viperidae | Yes | Moderate |
 | Sistrurus miliarius miliarius | Carolina pigmy rattlesnake ground rattlesnake | Viperidae | Yes | Moderate |
 | Sistrurus miliarius streckeri | western pigmy rattlesnake ground rattlesnake | Viperidae | Yes | Moderate |
 | Storeria dekayi dekayi | northern brown snake | Colubridae | No | Lowest |
 | Storeria dekayi limnetes | marsh brown snake | Colubridae | No | Lowest |
 | Storeria dekayi wrightorum | midland brown snake | Colubridae | No | Lowest |
 | Storeria occipitomaculata occipitomaculata | northern redbelly snake | Colubridae | No | Lowest |
 | Tantilla coronata | southeastern crown snake | Colubridae | No | Low |
 | Thamnophis saurita saurita | eastern ribbon snake | Colubridae | No | Low |
 | Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis | common garter snake | Colubridae | No | Low |
 | Virginia striatula | smooth earth snake | Colubridae | No | Lowest |
 | Virginia valeriae elegans | western earth snake | Colubridae | No | Lowest |
| Virginia valeriae valeriae | eastern earth snake | Colubridae | No | Lowest |
Alabama law makes it illegal to take, sell or possess turtles, turtle parts, or turtle eggs from the wild for commercial purposes. [6]
| Image | Scientific name | Common name | Family | Conservation concern |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Caretta caretta | loggerhead sea turtle | Cheloniidae | Highest |
 | Chelonia mydas | green sea turtle | Cheloniidae | Highest |
 | Lepidochelys kempii | Atlantic ridley sea turtle | Cheloniidae | Highest/ U.S. Fish and Wildlife lists as endangered |
 | Chelydra serpentina | common snapping turtle | Chelydridae | Lowest |
 | Macrochelys temminckii | alligator snapping turtle | Chelydridae | Wheeler Wildlife Refuge lists as endangered |
 | Dermochelys coriacea | leatherback sea turtle | Dermochelyidae | Highest/ U.S. Fish and Wildlife lists as endangered |
 | Chrysemys picta picta | eastern painted turtle | Emydidae | Lowest |
 | Chrysemys picta dorsalis | southern painted turtle | Emydidae | Lowest |
 | Chrysemys picta marginata | midland painted turtle | Emydidae | Lowest |
 | Deirochelys reticularia reticularia | eastern chicken turtle | Emydidae | Low |
 | Graptemys barbouri | Barbour's map turtle | Emydidae | High |
 | Graptemys ernsti | Escambia map turtle | Emydidae | Moderate |
 | Graptemys geographica | northern map turtle | Emydidae | Low |
 | Graptemys nigrinoda delticola | delta map turtle southern black-knobbed sawback | Emydidae | Moderate |
 | Graptemys nigrinoda nigrinoda | black-knobbed map turtle northern black-knobbed sawback | Emydidae | Moderate |
 | Graptemys ouachitensis | Ouachita map turtle | Emydidae | Lowest |
 | Graptemys pulchra | Alabama map turtle | Emydidae | Moderate |
 | Malaclemys terrapin pileata | Mississippi diamondback terrapin | Emydidae | Highest |
 | Pseudemys alabamensis | Alabama red-bellied cooter (Designated as official state reptile) | Emydidae | Highest/ U.S. Fish and Wildlife lists as endangered |
 | Pseudemys concinna concinna | eastern river cooter | Emydidae | Lowest |
 | Pseudemys concinna floridana | coastal plain cooter | Emydidae | Lowest |
 | Trachemys scripta elegans | red-eared slider | Emydidae | Lowest |
 | Trachemys scripta scripta | yellow-bellied slider | Emydidae | Lowest |
 | Terrapene carolina carolina | eastern box turtle | Emydidae | Low |
 | Terrapene carolina major | Gulf Coast box turtle | Emydidae | Low |
 | Terrapene carolina triunguis | three-toed box turtle | Emydidae | Low |
 | Kinosternon subrubrum | eastern mud turtle | Kinosternidae | Lowest |
 | Sternotherus minor minor | loggerhead musk turtle | Kinosternidae | Low |
 | Sternotherus minor peltifer | stripe-necked musk turtle | Kinosternidae | Low |
 | Sternotherus depressus | flattened musk turtle | Kinosternidae | High |
 | Sternotherus odoratus | common musk turtle stinkpot turtle | Kinosternidae | Lowest |
 | Gopherus polyphemus | gopher tortoise | Testudinidae | High |
 | Apalone ferox | Florida softshell turtle | Trionychidae | Moderate |
| Apalone mutica | smooth softshell turtle | Trionychidae | Low | |
 | Apalone spinifera | spiny softshell turtle | Trionychidae | Low |
 | Eretmochelys imbricata imbricata [10] | Atlantic hawksbill | Cheloniidae | Highest/U.S. Fish and Wildlife lists as endangered [11] |
Lizard is the common name used for all squamate reptiles other than snakes, encompassing over 7,000 species, ranging across all continents except Antarctica, as well as most oceanic island chains. The grouping is paraphyletic as some lizards are more closely related to snakes than they are to other lizards. Lizards range in size from chameleons and geckos a few centimeters long to the 3-meter-long Komodo dragon.
The slender glass lizard is a legless lizard in the glass lizard subfamily (Anguinae). The species is endemic to the United States. Two subspecies are recognized. The lizard was originally believed to be a subspecies of the eastern glass lizard. Their name comes from their easily broken tail which they can break off themselves without ever being touched. It is difficult to find a specimen with an undamaged tail. The lizard eats a variety of insects and small animals, including smaller lizards. Snakes and other animals are known to prey on the species. Humans have a part in destroying their environment and killing their food supply with insecticides. The lizard is considered to be a least-concern species according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), though it is vulnerable in Iowa and endangered in Wisconsin. It is important to note that the streamlined, legless species is often confused with snakes. Glass Lizards, however, differ from snakes as they possess a moveable eyelid, which is absent in snakes. Another way to distinguish glass lizards from snakes is the presence of an external ear opening, which are absent in snakes.
The fauna of Barbados comprises all the animal species inhabiting the island of Barbados and its surrounding waters. Barbados has less biodiversity than the other Antilles. Human activities are responsible for the change in the composition of the fauna, in particular, the replacement of native species. Species that are able to adapt to human presence have survived.
Heterodon simus, commonly known as the southern hog-nosed snake, is a harmless snake species endemic to the southeastern United States. No subspecies are currently recognized.
J. Whitfield "Whit" Gibbons is an American herpetologist, author, and educator. He is Professor Emeritus of Ecology, University of Georgia, and former Head of the Environmental Outreach and Education program at the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL).
The Chennai Snake Park, officially the Chennai Snake Park Trust, is a not-for-profit NGO constituted in 1972 by herpetologist Romulus Whitaker and is India's first reptile park. Also known as the Guindy Snake Park, it is located next to the Children's Park in the Guindy National Park campus. Located on the former home of the Madras Crocodile Bank Trust, the park is home to a wide range of snakes such as adders, pythons, vipers, cobras and other reptiles. The park gained statutory recognition as a medium zoo from the Central Zoo Authority in 1995.
Lampropeltis triangulum syspila, commonly known as the red milk snake or red milksnake, is a subspecies of the milk snake (Lampropeltis triangulum). The nonvenomous, colubrid snake is indigenous to the central United States.
