![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
All 11 Alabama votes to the Electoral College | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() County Results
|
Elections in Alabama |
---|
![]() |
![]() |
The 1960 United States presidential election in Alabama was held on November 8, 1960 as part of that year's national presidential election. Eleven Democratic electors were elected, of whom six voted for Senator Harry F. Byrd of Virginia and five for Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts. [1]
In Alabama, voters voted for electors individually instead of as a slate, as in the other states. Twenty-two electors were on the ballot, 11 Republicans and 11 Democrats. Voters could vote for up to eleven candidates. As a result of a state primary, the Democratic Party had a mixed slate of electors, five being pledged to Kennedy and the remaining six being unpledged. [2] [3] The highest vote for a presidential elector was 324,050 votes for Frank M. Dixon, who was unpledged; the highest vote for an elector pledged to Kennedy was 318,303 for C. G. Allen, and the highest vote for a Republican elector was 237,981 for Cecil Durham, which was fewer than the vote for any Democratic elector. [2] As a result, six unpledged electors and five electors pledged to Kennedy were elected. All six elected unpledged electors cast their vote for Byrd. [4]
Varying methods have been used to break down the vote into Kennedy and unpledged votes. One method is to take the 318,303 votes as Kennedy votes and the 324,050 votes as unpledged votes, giving a total much higher than the actual votes cast. [5] Another is to take the 318,303 votes as Kennedy votes and the remainder (5,747 votes) as unpledged votes. [6] A third is to split the 324,050 in the proportion of 5⁄11 to 6⁄11, following the proportion of electors, giving 147,295 votes for Kennedy and 176,755 for unpledged electors. [7] In all cases, Republican candidate Richard Nixon of California, then Vice President of the United States, has 237,981 votes. If the last method is used, it means that Nixon won the popular vote in Alabama; it also means that he won the popular vote nationally. [3] [7] Congressional Quarterly calculated the popular vote in this manner at the time of the 1960 election. [3] This remains the last election in which Lee County, Shelby County, Baldwin County, and Mobile County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate. [8]
Party | Pledged to | Elector | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic Party | Unpledged [lower-alpha 1] | Frank M. Dixon | 324,050 | 56.83 | |
Democratic Party | Unpledged [lower-alpha 1] | Bruce Henderson | 323,018 | 56.65 | |
Democratic Party | Unpledged [lower-alpha 1] | Edmund Blair | 322,593 | 56.57 | |
Democratic Party | Unpledged [lower-alpha 1] | C. E. Hornsby, Jr. | 322,124 | 56.49 | |
Democratic Party | Unpledged [lower-alpha 1] | W. W. Malone, Jr. | 322,084 | 56.48 | |
Democratic Party | Unpledged [lower-alpha 1] | Frank Mixell | 320,957 | 56.29 | |
Democratic Party | John F. Kennedy | C. G. Allen | 318,303 | 55.82 | |
Democratic Party | John F. Kennedy | C. L. Beard | 318,266 | 55.81 | |
Democratic Party | John F. Kennedy | J. E. Brantley | 317,226 | 55.63 | |
Democratic Party | John F. Kennedy | Dave Archer | 317,171 | 55.62 | |
Democratic Party | John F. Kennedy | Karl Harrison | 316,934 | 55.58 | |
Republican Party | Richard Nixon | Cecil Durham | 237,981 | 41.73 | |
Republican Party | Richard Nixon | Charles H. Chapman, Jr. | 237,370 | 41.63 | |
Republican Party | Richard Nixon | W. H. Gillespie | 236,915 | 41.55 | |
Republican Party | Richard Nixon | J. N. Dennis | 236,765 | 41.52 | |
Republican Party | Richard Nixon | Robert S. Cartledge | 236,110 | 41.41 | |
Republican Party | Richard Nixon | W. J. Kennamer | 235,414 | 41.28 | |
Republican Party | Richard Nixon | Perry O. Hooper | 234,976 | 41.21 | |
Republican Party | Richard Nixon | Tom McNaron | 234,856 | 41.19 | |
Republican Party | Richard Nixon | Mrs. John Simpson | 234,002 | 41.04 | |
Republican Party | Richard Nixon | T. B. Thompson | 233,450 | 40.94 | |
Republican Party | Richard Nixon | George Witcher | 230,951 | 40.50 | |
National States' Rights Party | Orval E. Faubus | George E. Allen | 4,367 | 0.77 | |
National States' Rights Party | Orval E. Faubus | Lodwick H. Bartee | 3,775 | 0.66 | |
National States' Rights Party | Orval E. Faubus | Annette M. Bartee | 3,769 | 0.66 | |
National States' Rights Party | Orval E. Faubus | Lee J. Crowder | 3,757 | 0.66 | |
National States' Rights Party | Orval E. Faubus | Therman De Lee | 3,735 | 0.66 | |
National States' Rights Party | Orval E. Faubus | John Douglas Knowles | 3,555 | 0.62 | |
National States' Rights Party | Orval E. Faubus | Mrs. Lila Evans | 3,484 | 0.61 | |
National States' Rights Party | Orval E. Faubus | Jack Andrew Tomlinson | 3,477 | 0.61 | |
National States' Rights Party | Orval E. Faubus | Ernest Wilson | 3,460 | 0.61 | |
National States' Rights Party | Orval E. Faubus | Sanford D. Rudd | 3,396 | 0.60 | |
National States' Rights Party | Orval E. Faubus | Willie Bazzell Garrett | 2,796 | 0.49 | |
Independent African-American Unity | Clennon Washington King Jr. | Grover C. Allen | 1,485 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.26 | |
Independent African-American Unity | Clennon Washington King Jr. | Marie W. Bailey | 1,274 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.22 | |
Independent African-American Unity | Clennon Washington King Jr. | Grover Banks | 1,205 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.21 | |
Independent African-American Unity | Clennon Washington King Jr. | Eddie Jones | 1,185 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.21 | |
Independent African-American Unity | Clennon Washington King Jr. | Isaac Nicholson | 1,154 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.20 | |
Independent African-American Unity | Clennon Washington King Jr. | Ernest Thomas Taylor | 1,143 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.20 | |
Independent African-American Unity | Clennon Washington King Jr. | James H. Hollie | 1,077 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.19 | |
Independent African-American Unity | Clennon Washington King Jr. | James C. Williams | 1,077 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.19 | |
Independent African-American Unity | Clennon Washington King Jr. | Jasper J. Thomas | 1,063 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.19 | |
Independent African-American Unity | Clennon Washington King Jr. | James Kersh | 1,007 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.18 | |
Independent African-American Unity | Clennon Washington King Jr. | Will Mike | 998 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.18 | |
Write-in | John P. Newsome | 39 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.01 | ||
Write-in | Walter C. Givhan | 30 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.01 | ||
Write-in | John D. McQueen | 30 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.01 | ||
Write-in | Lawrence E. McNeil | 28 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.00 | ||
Write-in | Sam M. Johnson | 24 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.00 | ||
Write-in | Walter C. Graham | 9 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.00 | ||
Write-in | Sam W. Johnson | 9 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.00 | ||
Write-in | Clarence E. McNeil | 9 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.00 | ||
Write-in | John D. McQueen, Jr. | 9 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.00 | ||
Write-in | John Patterson | 3 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.00 | ||
Write-in | Sam Englehardt | 3 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.00 | ||
Write-in | Bill Agee | 3 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.00 | ||
Write-in | Stanley Pace | 3 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.00 | ||
Write-in | Matt Lawson | 3 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.00 | ||
Write-in | Hubert Stewart | 2 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.00 | ||
Write-in | C. T. Kelley | 2 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.00 | ||
Write-in | "Red" Waites | 2 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.00 | ||
Write-in | M. A. Keith | 2 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.00 | ||
Write-in | Tom Strong | 2 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.00 | ||
Write-in | Chambliss Keith | 2 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.00 | ||
Write-in | Harmon Carter | 2 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.00 | ||
Write-in | Tom McBryde | 2 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.00 | ||
Write-in | J. B. Stalworth | 1 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.00 | ||
Write-in | J. W. Staggers | 1 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.00 | ||
Write-in | Clarence Latham | 1 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.00 | ||
Write-in | James Murry | 1 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.00 | ||
Write-in | John Hays | 1 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.00 | ||
Write-in | H. A. Waites | 1 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.00 | ||
Write-in | J. E. Hood | 1 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.00 | ||
Write-in | J. S. Powell | 1 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.00 | ||
Write-in | Tom Smith | 1 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.00 | ||
Write-in | James Johnson | 1 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.00 | ||
Write-in | Bob Brown | 1 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.00 | ||
Write-in | Tom Anderson | 1 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.00 | ||
Write-in | J. R. Bennett, Jr. | 1 [lower-alpha 2] | 0.00 | ||
Votes cast [10] [11] [2] | 570,225 | 100 |
County [12] [lower-alpha 3] | John F. Kennedy and unpledged Democratic | Richard Nixon Republican | Various candidates Other parties | Margin | Total votes cast | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
# | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
Autauga | 1,324 | 52.17% | 1,149 | 45.27% | 65 | 2.56% | 175 | 6.90% | 2,538 |
Baldwin | 5,647 | 53.09% | 4,812 | 45.24% | 177 | 1.67% | 835 | 7.85% | 10,636 |
Barbour | 2,148 | 64.47% | 1,166 | 34.99% | 18 | 0.54% | 982 | 29.48% | 3,332 |
Bibb | 1,697 | 61.66% | 1,052 | 38.23% | 3 | 0.11% | 645 | 23.43% | 2,752 |
Blount | 3,404 | 56.98% | 2,557 | 42.80% | 13 | 0.22% | 847 | 14.18% | 5,974 |
Bullock | 757 | 64.48% | 412 | 35.09% | 5 | 0.43% | 345 | 29.39% | 1,174 |
Butler | 2,873 | 69.69% | 1,231 | 29.87% | 18 | 0.44% | 1,642 | 39.82% | 4,122 |
Calhoun | 9,590 | 65.97% | 4,821 | 33.17% | 125 | 0.86% | 4,769 | 32.80% | 14,536 |
Chambers | 5,165 | 72.74% | 1,865 | 26.26% | 71 | 1.00% | 3,300 | 46.48% | 7,101 |
Cherokee | 3,097 | 77.95% | 872 | 21.95% | 4 | 0.10% | 2,225 | 56.00% | 3,973 |
Chilton | 1,798 | 35.91% | 3,201 | 63.93% | 8 | 0.16% | -1,403 | -28.02% | 5,007 |
Choctaw | 1,094 | 60.85% | 612 | 34.04% | 92 | 5.11% | 482 | 26.81% | 1,798 |
Clarke | 1,878 | 47.34% | 2,016 | 50.82% | 73 | 1.84% | -138 | -3.48% | 3,967 |
Clay | 1,743 | 52.71% | 1,548 | 46.81% | 16 | 0.48% | 195 | 5.90% | 3,307 |
Cleburne | 1,510 | 59.87% | 1,008 | 39.97% | 4 | 0.16% | 502 | 19.90% | 2,522 |
Coffee | 4,470 | 76.19% | 1,381 | 23.54% | 16 | 0.27% | 3,089 | 52.65% | 5,867 |
Colbert | 7,550 | 71.85% | 2,815 | 26.79% | 143 | 1.36% | 4,735 | 45.06% | 10,508 |
Conecuh | 1,815 | 72.17% | 650 | 25.84% | 50 | 1.99% | 1,165 | 46.33% | 2,515 |
Coosa | 1,493 | 57.98% | 1,073 | 41.67% | 9 | 0.35% | 420 | 16.31% | 2,575 |
Covington | 5,744 | 73.42% | 2,047 | 26.16% | 33 | 0.42% | 3,697 | 47.26% | 7,824 |
Crenshaw | 2,923 | 83.49% | 573 | 16.37% | 5 | 0.14% | 2,350 | 67.12% | 3,501 |
Cullman | 6,346 | 59.87% | 4,248 | 40.08% | 5 | 0.05% | 2,098 | 19.79% | 10,599 |
Dale | 2,563 | 60.76% | 1,634 | 38.74% | 21 | 0.50% | 929 | 22.02% | 4,218 |
Dallas | 2,103 | 41.69% | 2,872 | 56.94% | 69 | 1.37% | -769 | -15.25% | 5,044 |
DeKalb | 5,844 | 51.08% | 5,585 | 48.82% | 12 | 0.10% | 259 | 2.26% | 11,441 |
Elmore | 3,440 | 63.60% | 1,919 | 35.48% | 50 | 0.92% | 1,521 | 28.12% | 5,409 |
Escambia | 3,990 | 67.57% | 1,810 | 30.65% | 105 | 1.78% | 2,180 | 36.92% | 5,905 |
Etowah | 14,372 | 66.28% | 7,128 | 32.87% | 185 | 0.85% | 7,244 | 33.41% | 21,685 |
Fayette | 2,274 | 54.08% | 1,923 | 45.73% | 8 | 0.19% | 351 | 8.35% | 4,205 |
Franklin | 3,422 | 45.58% | 4,069 | 54.20% | 16 | 0.22% | -647 | -8.62% | 7,507 |
Geneva | 3,050 | 66.90% | 1,502 | 32.95% | 7 | 0.15% | 1,548 | 33.95% | 4,559 |
Greene | 723 | 64.38% | 381 | 33.93% | 19 | 1.69% | 342 | 30.45% | 1,123 |
Hale | 1,309 | 63.54% | 741 | 35.97% | 10 | 0.49% | 568 | 27.57% | 2,060 |
Henry | 2,115 | 77.93% | 588 | 21.67% | 11 | 0.40% | 1,527 | 56.26% | 2,714 |
Houston | 3,897 | 48.61% | 4,055 | 50.58% | 65 | 0.81% | -158 | -1.97% | 8,017 |
Jackson | 4,789 | 69.93% | 2,036 | 29.73% | 23 | 0.34% | 2,753 | 40.20% | 6,848 |
Jefferson | 44,369 | 41.90% | 60,004 | 56.66% | 1,525 | 1.44% | -15,635 | -14.76% | 105,898 |
Lamar | 2,386 | 70.36% | 964 | 28.43% | 41 | 1.21% | 1,422 | 41.93% | 3,391 |
Lauderdale | 8,565 | 70.10% | 3,570 | 29.22% | 84 | 0.68% | 4,995 | 40.88% | 12,219 |
Lawrence | 2,929 | 68.10% | 1,365 | 31.74% | 7 | 0.16% | 1,564 | 36.36% | 4,301 |
Lee | 3,759 | 61.63% | 2,301 | 37.73% | 39 | 0.64% | 1,458 | 23.90% | 6,099 |
Limestone | 4,147 | 80.59% | 991 | 19.26% | 8 | 0.15% | 3,156 | 61.33% | 5,146 |
Lowndes | 796 | 64.19% | 432 | 34.84% | 12 | 0.97% | 364 | 29.35% | 1,240 |
Macon | 1,327 | 59.53% | 877 | 39.34% | 25 | 1.13% | 450 | 20.19% | 2,229 |
Madison | 10,959 | 66.88% | 5,299 | 32.34% | 128 | 0.78% | 5,660 | 34.54% | 16,386 |
Marengo | 1,436 | 51.45% | 1,235 | 44.25% | 120 | 4.30% | 201 | 7.20% | 2,791 |
Marion | 3,099 | 51.19% | 2,938 | 48.53% | 17 | 0.28% | 161 | 2.66% | 6,054 |
Marshall | 6,595 | 65.94% | 3,398 | 33.98% | 8 | 0.08% | 3,197 | 31.96% | 10,001 |
Mobile | 28,626 | 52.48% | 24,608 | 45.12% | 1,308 | 2.40% | 4,018 | 7.36% | 54,542 |
Monroe | 2,130 | 67.55% | 989 | 31.37% | 34 | 1.08% | 1,141 | 36.18% | 3,153 |
Montgomery | 9,421 | 43.92% | 11,778 | 54.91% | 249 | 1.17% | -2,357 | -10.99% | 21,448 |
Morgan | 7,822 | 64.11% | 4,357 | 35.71% | 21 | 0.18% | 3,465 | 28.40% | 12,200 |
Perry | 973 | 54.30% | 744 | 41.52% | 75 | 4.18% | 229 | 12.78% | 1,792 |
Pickens | 1,836 | 58.17% | 1,277 | 40.46% | 43 | 1.37% | 559 | 17.71% | 3,156 |
Pike | 3,421 | 76.91% | 1,006 | 22.62% | 21 | 0.47% | 2,415 | 54.29% | 4,448 |
Randolph | 3,175 | 64.73% | 1,697 | 34.60% | 33 | 0.67% | 1,478 | 30.13% | 4,905 |
Russell | 3,480 | 65.69% | 1,770 | 33.41% | 48 | 0.90% | 1,710 | 32.28% | 5,298 |
Shelby | 3,225 | 50.17% | 3,157 | 49.11% | 46 | 0.72% | 68 | 1.06% | 6,428 |
St. Clair | 3,039 | 53.88% | 2,589 | 45.90% | 12 | 0.22% | 450 | 7.98% | 5,640 |
Sumter | 765 | 52.33% | 623 | 42.61% | 74 | 5.06% | 142 | 9.72% | 1,462 |
Talladega | 5,729 | 54.41% | 4,723 | 44.86% | 77 | 0.73% | 1,006 | 9.55% | 10,529 |
Tallapoosa | 5,460 | 71.39% | 2,150 | 28.11% | 38 | 0.50% | 3,310 | 43.28% | 7,648 |
Tuscaloosa | 8,254 | 58.99% | 5,598 | 40.01% | 140 | 1.00% | 2,656 | 18.98% | 13,992 |
Walker | 8,109 | 59.75% | 5,463 | 40.25% | 0 | 0.00% | 2,646 | 19.50% | 13,572 |
Washington | 1,929 | 69.49% | 792 | 28.53% | 55 | 1.98% | 1,137 | 40.96% | 2,776 |
Wilcox | 905 | 63.51% | 513 | 36.00% | 7 | 0.49% | 392 | 27.51% | 1,425 |
Winston | 1,681 | 32.93% | 3,421 | 67.01% | 3 | 0.06% | -1,740 | -34.08% | 5,105 |
Total | 318,303 | 56.39% | 237,981 | 42.16% | 8,189 | 1.45% | 80,322 | 14.23% | 564,473 |
The 1956 United States presidential election was the 43rd quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 6, 1956. Incumbent Republican President Dwight D. Eisenhower and his running mate, incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon, were re-elected, defeating for a second time Democrat Adlai Stevenson II, former Illinois governor. This election was the sixth rematch in American presidential history, a situation which could not occur again until 2024. It was the second time in which the winner was the same both times, the first being William McKinley's victories over William Jennings Bryan in 1896 and 1900. This was the last election before term limits established by the 22nd Amendment, which first applied to Eisenhower, became effective.
The 1960 United States presidential election was the 44th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 1960. In a closely contested election, Democratic Senator John F. Kennedy defeated the incumbent Republican Vice President Richard Nixon. This was the first election in which 50 states participated, marking the first participation of Alaska and Hawaii, and the last in which the District of Columbia did not. This made it the only presidential election where the threshold for victory was 269 electoral votes. It was also the first election in which an incumbent president—in this case, Dwight D. Eisenhower—was ineligible to run for a third term because of the term limits established by the 22nd Amendment.
In United States presidential elections, an unpledged elector is a person nominated to stand as an elector but who has not pledged to support any particular presidential or vice presidential candidate, and is free to vote for any candidate when elected a member of the Electoral College. Presidential elections are indirect, with voters in each state choosing electors on Election Day in November, and these electors choosing the president and vice president of the United States in December. Electors in practice have since the 19th century almost always agreed in advance to vote for a particular candidate — that is, they are said to have been pledged to that candidate. In several elections in the 20th century, however, competitive campaigns were mounted by candidates who made no pledge to any presidential nominee before the election. These anomalies largely arose from fissures within the Democratic Party over the issues of civil rights and segregation. No serious general election campaign has been mounted to elect unpledged electors in any state since 1964.
In the United States Electoral College, a faithless elector is an elector who does not vote for the candidates for U.S. President and U.S. Vice President for whom the elector had pledged to vote, and instead votes for another person for one or both offices or abstains from voting. As part of United States presidential elections, each state selects the method by which its electors are to be selected, which in modern times has been based on a popular vote in most states, and generally requires its electors to have pledged to vote for the candidates of their party if appointed. A pledged elector is only considered a faithless elector by breaking their pledge; unpledged electors have no pledge to break. The consequences of an elector voting in a way inconsistent with their pledge vary from state to state.
Henry D. Irwin was a Republican presidential elector for the 1960 U.S. presidential election who became a "faithless elector" when he declined to vote as pledged.
The National Democratic Party of Alabama (NDPA) was a political party active in the U.S. state of Alabama that opposed the segregationist governor George Wallace.
Richard Nixon served as the 37th president of the United States from 1969 to 1974. He previously served as the 36th vice president of the United States from 1953 to 1961, and as a United States senator from 1950 to 1953 and United States representative from 1947 to 1950.
The 1964 United States presidential election in Alabama was held on November 3, 1964. Alabama voters chose ten representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice-President. In Alabama, voters voted for electors individually instead of as a slate, as in the other states.
The 1960 United States elections were held on November 8, and elected the members of the 87th United States Congress. Democratic Senator John F. Kennedy narrowly defeated Republican incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon in the presidential election, and although Republicans made gains in both chambers of Congress, the Democratic Party easily maintained control of Congress.
The 1960 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 8, 1960. All 50 states were part of the 1960 United States presidential election. Voters chose 45 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.
The 1960 United States presidential election in New Jersey took place on November 8, 1960. All 50 states were part of the 1960 United States presidential election. Voters chose 16 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.
The 1968 United States presidential election in Alabama was held on November 5, 1968. In Alabama, voters voted for electors individually instead of as a slate, as in the other 49 states.
Hawaii is a state in the Western United States located in the Pacific Ocean about 2,000 miles from the U.S. mainland. Since its admission to the Union in August 1959, it has participated in 16 United States presidential elections. In the 1960 presidential election, Hawaii was narrowly won by the Democratic Party's candidate John F. Kennedy, defeating the Republican Party's candidate and incumbent vice president Richard Nixon by a margin of just 0.06%. In the 1964 presidential election, the Democratic Party's candidate Lyndon B. Johnson won Hawaii by a margin of 57.52%, which remains the largest ever margin of victory in the state's history. Since the 1960 election, Hawaii has been won by the Democratic Party in every presidential election, except in 1972 and 1984, which were both won in a national Republican landslide victory by Nixon and Ronald Reagan respectively.
Following is a table of the United States presidential elections in Mississippi, in chronological order by year. Since its admission to statehood in 1817, Mississippi has participated in every U.S. presidential election except the election of 1864, during the American Civil War, when the state had seceded to join the Confederacy, and the election of 1868, when the state was undergoing Reconstruction.
The 1968 United States presidential election in Mississippi was held on November 5, 1968. Mississippi voters chose seven electors, or representatives to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice-President. During the 1960s, the Civil Rights Movement dictated Mississippi's politics, with effectively the entire white population vehemently opposed to federal policies of racial desegregation and black voting rights. In 1960, the state had been narrowly captured by a slate of unpledged Democratic electors, but in 1964 universal white opposition to the Civil Rights Act and negligible black voter registration meant that white Mississippians turned almost unanimously to Republican Barry Goldwater. Goldwater's support for "constitutional government and local self-rule" meant that the absence from the ballot of "states' rights" parties or unpledged electors was unimportant. The Arizona Senator was one of only six Republicans to vote against the Civil Rights Act, and so the small electorate of Mississippi supported him almost unanimously.
The 1960 United States presidential election in Mississippi took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. This was the last election in which Mississippi had eight electoral votes: the Great Migration of Black Americans caused the state to lose congressional districts for the third time in four censuses before the next election.
The 1956 United States presidential election in Mississippi was held on November 6, 1956. Mississippi voters chose eight representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 1960 United States presidential election in Georgia took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. Georgia voters chose 12 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 1960 United States presidential election in Louisiana took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. State voters chose ten representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.