This is a list of special elections to the Alabama Senate. Such elections are called by the governor of Alabama to fill vacancies that occur when a member of the Alabama Senate dies or resigns before the next general election. Winners of these elections serve the remainder of the term and are often candidates in the next election for their districts. General elections are held during the midterms.
For much of the first half of the 20th century, a "gentleman's agreement" compelled state senators to not seek re-election to allow counties from a different county to serve, meaning no county in a multi-county district would be represented two legislatures in a row. During special elections, new senators elected were generally from the same county as the outgoing senator. This practice began to die out in the 1960s. Only three districts kept the agreement by 1971 as reapportionment caused rural districts to take on more counties, making the rotation infeasible.[1][2]
Special elections to the Alabama Senate have occurred as early as 1820, when Nicholas David was elected to fill the vacancy in the Limestone senatorial district caused by the resignation of Thomas Bibb upon his succession to the governorship.[3]
Incumbent senator resigned October 30, 2023 to join the private sector. General election cancelled after the Republican primary, as no other candidates remained.
Incumbent senator resigned December 4, 2012 after being elected a circuit judge of Mobile County. General election cancelled after the Republican runoff, as no other candidates remained.[7]
Seat vacated on January 21, 2009 after a felony conviction. General election cancelled after the Democratic runoff, as no other candidates remained.[9]
Incumbent senator resigned in January 1957 after being elected to the Alabama Supreme Court. Special election cancelled after only one candidate filed.
Incumbent senator resigned in May 1950 among speculation that Governor Jim Folsom would call an extraordinary session of the Alabama Legislature for the purposes of reapportionment.
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