2024 United States Senate elections

For related races, see 2024 United States elections.

2024 United States Senate elections

←  2022 November 5, 2024 2026  →
34 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate 51 [lower-alpha 1] seats needed for a majority
Leader Chuck Schumer Mitch McConnell (retiring as leader) Party Democratic Republican Leader since January 3, 2017 January 3, 2007 Leader's seat New York Kentucky Current seats 48 [lower-alpha 2] 49 Seats needed 2 (or 1 + VP ) [lower-alpha 3] Seats up 20 11   Party Independent Current seats 3 [lower-alpha 2] Seats up 3
Map of the incumbents:      Democratic incumbent running     Democratic incumbent retiring      Republican incumbent running     Republican incumbent retiring      Independent incumbent     Independent incumbent retiring      No election Rectangular inset (Nebraska): both seats up for election
Incumbent Majority Leader Chuck Schumer Democratic

The 2024 United States Senate elections are scheduled to be held on November 5, 2024, as part of the 2024 United States elections. Thirty-three of the 100 seats in the U.S. Senate will be contested in regular elections. ^[2] Senators are divided into three classes whose six-year terms are staggered so that a different class is elected every two years. ^[3] Class 1 senators will face election in 2024. ^[4]

As of April 2024, twenty-four senators (15 Democrats, 9 Republicans, and two independents) are seeking re-election in 2024.^{[ citation needed ]} Two Senate Republicans (Mike Braun of Indiana and Mitt Romney of Utah), four Senate Democrats (Ben Cardin of Maryland, Tom Carper of Delaware, Debbie Stabenow of Michigan and Joe Manchin of West Virginia), and one Senate Independent (Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona) are not seeking re-election. ^{[5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11]} Democratic Sen. Laphonza Butler of California, who was appointed to her current seat in 2023, is not seeking election in 2024. ^[12]

Two special Senate elections will take place concurrently with the 2024 regular Senate elections. One of those two special elections will be held in California to fill the vacancy created by the death of longtime Senator Dianne Feinstein for the final two months of her unexpired term, and one will be held in Nebraska following Ben Sasse's 2023 resignation. ^{[13] [10] [14]}

Elections analysts consider the map for these Senate elections to be highly unfavorable to Democrats. Democrats will be defending 23 of the 33 Class 1 seats. ^[15] Three seats being defended by Democrats are in states won by Republican Donald Trump in both 2016 and 2020, while there are no seats in this class held by Republicans in states won by Democrat Joe Biden in 2020. Additionally, Kyrsten Sinema's first term is ending in Arizona, a state that Biden won by less than half a point in 2020; before the end of the 117th Congress, Sinema left the Democratic Party and became an independent. She later announced her retirement in March 2024. ^[16] In the two previous Senate election cycles that coincided with presidential elections (2016 and 2020), only one senator (Susan Collins in 2020) was elected in a state that was won by the presidential nominee of the opposite party. ^[17]

Partisan composition

All 33 Class 1 Senate seats and one Class 2 seat are up for election in 2024; Class 1 currently consists of 20 Democrats, 3 independents who caucus with the Senate Democrats, and 10 Republicans. If another vacancy occurs in other Class 2 or Class 3 Senate seats, that state might require a special election to take place during the 118th Congress, possibly concurrently with the other 2024 Senate elections.^{[ citation needed ]}

Change in composition

Each block represents one of the 100 seats in the U.S. Senate. "D#" is a Democratic/active senator, "I#" is an Independent senator, and "R#" is a Republican/active senator. They are arranged so that the parties are separated, and a majority is clear by crossing the middle.

Before the elections

Each block indicates an incumbent senator's actions going into the election.

D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8	D9	D10
D20	D19	D18	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11
D21	D22	D23	D24	D25	D26	D27	D28	D29 Calif. Retiring	D30 Conn. Running
D40 N.M. Running	D39 N.J. Undeclared	D38 Nev. Running	D37 Mont. Running	D36 Minn. Running	D35 Mich. Retiring	D34 Mass. Running	D33 Md. Retiring	D32 Hawaii Running	D31 Del. Retiring
D41 N.Y. Running	D42 Ohio Running	D43 Pa. Running	D44 R.I. Running	D45 Va. Running	D46 Wash. Running	D47 W.Va. Retiring	D48 Wis. Running	I1 Ariz. Retiring	I2 Maine Running
Majority (with Independents) ↑
R41 Miss. Running	R42 Mo. Running	R43 Neb. (reg) Running	R44 Neb. (sp) Running	R45 N.D. Running	R46 Tenn. Running	R47 Texas Running	R48 Utah Retiring	R49 Wyo. Running	I3 Vt. Undeclared
R40 Ind. Retiring	R39 Fla. Running	R38	R37	R36	R35	R34	R33	R32	R31
R21	R22	R23	R24	R25	R26	R27	R28	R29	R30
R20	R19	R18	R17	R16	R15	R14	R13	R12	R11
R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8	R9	R10

After the elections

D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8	D9	D10
D20	D19	D18	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11
D21	D22	D23	D24	D25	D26	D27	D28	Ariz. TBD	Calif. TBD
Minn. TBD	Mich. TBD	Mass. TBD	Md. TBD	Maine TBD	Ind. TBD	Hawaii TBD	Fla. TBD	Del. TBD	Conn. TBD
Mont. TBD	Miss. TBD	Mo. TBD	N.D. TBD	Neb. (reg) TBD	Neb. (sp) TBD	Nev. TBD	N.J. TBD	N.M. TBD	N.Y. TBD
Majority TBD →
W.Va. TBD	Wash. TBD	Va. TBD	Vt. TBD	Utah TBD	Texas TBD	Tenn. TBD	R.I. TBD	Pa. TBD	Ohio TBD
Wis. TBD	Wyo. TBD	R38	R37	R36	R35	R34	R33	R32	R31
R21	R22	R23	R24	R25	R26	R27	R28	R29	R30
R20	R19	R18	R17	R16	R15	R14	R13	R12	R11
R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8	R9	R10

Key	D# Democratic R# Republican I# Independent, caucusing with Democrats

Predictions

Pie Chart showing expected seat outcomes based on the large table below.

List

•   Democratic Party
•   Republican Party
•   Tossup

Map showing average polling date from the large table below. The list below shows the expected advantage.

•   Democratic Party Safe
•   Democratic Party Likely
•   Democratic Party Lean
•   Democratic Party Tilt
•   Independent Safe
•   Tossup
•   Republican Party Safe
•   Republican Party Likely
•   Republican Party Lean

Several sites and individuals published predictions of competitive seats. These predictions looked at factors such as the strength of the incumbent (if the incumbent was running for reelection) and the other candidates, and the state's partisan lean (reflected in part by the state's Cook Partisan Voting Index rating). The predictions assigned ratings to each seat, indicating the predicted advantage that a party had in winning that seat. Most election predictors used:

• "tossup": no advantage
• "tilt" (used by some predictors): advantage that is not quite as strong as "lean"
• "lean" or "leans": slight advantage
• "likely": significant, but surmountable, advantage
• "safe" or "solid": near-certain chance of victory

Constituency		Incumbent		Ratings
State	PVI [18]	Senator	Last election [lower-alpha 4]	Cook April 3, 2024 [19]	IE February 9, 2024 [20]	Sabato February 9, 2024 [21]	ED May 4, 2023 [22]	CNalysis December 21, 2023 [23]	The Hill March 10, 2024 [23]
Arizona	R+2	Kyrsten Sinema (retiring)	50.0% D [lower-alpha 5]	Tossup	Tossup	Tossup	Tossup	Tossup	Tossup
California [lower-alpha 6]	D+13	Laphonza Butler (retiring)	Appointed (2023) [lower-alpha 7]	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D
Connecticut	D+7	Chris Murphy	59.5% D	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D
Delaware	D+7	Tom Carper (retiring)	60.0% D	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D
Florida	R+3	Rick Scott	50.1% R	Likely R	Solid R	Likely R	Likely R	Very Likely R	Likely R
Hawaii	D+14	Mazie Hirono	71.2% D	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D
Indiana	R+11	Mike Braun (retiring)	50.7% R	Solid R	Solid R	Safe R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R
Maine	D+2	Angus King	54.3% I	Safe I	Safe I	Likely I	Safe I	Solid I	Likely I
Maryland	D+14	Ben Cardin (retiring)	64.9% D	Likely D	Likely D	Likely D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D
Massachusetts	D+15	Elizabeth Warren	60.3% D	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D
Michigan	R+1	Debbie Stabenow (retiring)	52.3% D	Lean D	Tilt D	Lean D	Lean D	Lean D	Tossup
Minnesota	D+1	Amy Klobuchar	60.3% D	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Safe D	Solid D	Likely D
Mississippi	R+11	Roger Wicker	58.5% R	Solid R	Solid R	Safe R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R
Missouri	R+10	Josh Hawley	51.4% R	Solid R	Solid R	Safe R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R
Montana	R+11	Jon Tester	50.3% D	Tossup	Tossup	Tossup	Tossup	Tossup	Tossup
Nebraska (regular)	R+13	Deb Fischer	57.7% R	Solid R	Solid R	Safe R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R
Nebraska (special)	R+13	Pete Ricketts	Appointed (2023) [lower-alpha 8]	Solid R	Solid R	Safe R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R
Nevada	R+1	Jacky Rosen	50.4% D	Tossup	Tilt D	Lean D	Lean D	Tilt D	Tossup
New Jersey	D+6	Bob Menendez	54.0% D	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D
New Mexico	D+3	Martin Heinrich	54.1% D	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Safe D	Solid D	Likely D
New York	D+10	Kirsten Gillibrand	67.0% D	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D
North Dakota	R+20	Kevin Cramer	55.1% R	Solid R	Solid R	Safe R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R
Ohio	R+6	Sherrod Brown	53.4% D	Tossup	Tossup	Tossup	Tossup	Tossup	Tossup
Pennsylvania	R+2	Bob Casey Jr.	55.7% D	Lean D	Tilt D	Likely D	Likely D	Lean D	Lean D
Rhode Island	D+8	Sheldon Whitehouse	61.4% D	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D
Tennessee	R+14	Marsha Blackburn	54.7% R	Solid R	Solid R	Safe R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R
Texas	R+5	Ted Cruz	50.9% R	Likely R	Likely R	Likely R	Likely R	Lean R	Likely R
Utah	R+13	Mitt Romney (retiring)	62.6% R	Solid R	Solid R	Safe R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R
Vermont	D+16	Bernie Sanders	67.4% I	Safe I	Safe I	Safe I	Safe I	Solid I	Safe I
Virginia	D+3	Tim Kaine	57.0% D	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Likely D	Solid D	Likely D
Washington	D+8	Maria Cantwell	58.3% D	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D
West Virginia	R+22	Joe Manchin (retiring)	49.6% D	Solid R (flip)	Solid R (flip)	Safe R (flip)	Safe R (flip)	Solid R (flip)	Likely R (flip)
Wisconsin	R+2	Tammy Baldwin	55.4% D	Lean D	Lean D	Lean D	Lean D	Lean D	Lean D
Wyoming	R+25	John Barrasso	67.0% R	Solid R	Solid R	Safe R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R
Overall [lower-alpha 9]				D/I - 46 R - 50 4 tossups	D/I - 47 R - 50 3 tossups	D/I - 47 R - 50 3 tossups	D/I - 47 R - 50 3 tossups	D/I - 47 R - 50 3 tossups	D/I - 45 R - 50 5 tossups

Retirements

As of April 2024, eight senators have announced plans to retire. Dianne Feinstein of California announced her intent to retire at the end of her term, but she died in office on September 29, 2023. Laphonza Butler, who was appointed by California governor Gavin Newsom to continue Feinstein's term, announced on October 19 that she will not run for a full term and to finish the final two months of Feinstein's term.

State	Senator	Ref
Arizona	Kyrsten Sinema	[11]
California	Laphonza Butler	[12]
Delaware	Tom Carper	[7]
Indiana	Mike Braun	[5]
Maryland	Ben Cardin	[6]
Michigan	Debbie Stabenow	[10]
Utah	Mitt Romney	[8]
West Virginia	Joe Manchin	[9]

Race summary

Special elections during the preceding Congress

In each special election, the winner's term begins immediately after their election is certified by their state's government.

Elections are sorted by date then state.

State (linked to summaries below)	Incumbent			Status	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
California (Class 1)	Laphonza Butler	Democratic	2023 (appointed)	Interim appointee retired [12]	▌ Steve Garvey (Republican) [24] ▌ Adam Schiff (Democratic) [24]
Nebraska (Class 2)	Pete Ricketts	Republican	2023 (appointed)	Interim appointee running	▌ Preston Love Jr. (Democratic) [25] ▌ Pete Ricketts (Republican) [25] ▌Mac Stevens (Republican) [25] ▌John Glen Weaver (Republican) [25]

Elections leading to the next Congress

In these general elections, the winners will be elected for the term beginning January 3, 2025.

State (linked to summaries below)	Incumbent					Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Last race	Result
Arizona	Kyrsten Sinema	Independent	2018 [lower-alpha 5]	50.0% D	Incumbent retired [11]	▌ Ruben Gallego (Democratic) [26] ▌Arturo Hernandez (Green) [26] ▌ Kari Lake (Republican) [26] ▌ Mark Lamb (Republican) [26] ▌Michael Norton (Green) [26] ▌Elizabeth Jean Reye (Republican) [26]
California	Laphonza Butler	Democratic	2023 (appointed)	54.2% D [lower-alpha 7]	Interim appointee retired [12]	▌ Steve Garvey (Republican) [24] ▌ Adam Schiff (Democratic) [24]
Connecticut	Chris Murphy	Democratic	2012 2018	59.5% D	Incumbent running	▌John Flynn (Republican) [27] ▌ Robert Hyde (Republican) [27] ▌ Chris Murphy (Democratic) [28] ▌Justin Paglino (Green) [29] ▌Gerry Smith (Republican) [30]
Delaware	Tom Carper	Democratic	2000 2006 2012 2018	60.0% D	Incumbent retired [7]	▌ Lisa Blunt Rochester (Democratic) [31] ▌Eric Hansen (Republican) [32] ▌ Michael Katz (Delaware Independent) [32]
Florida	Rick Scott	Republican	2018	50.1% R	Incumbent running	▌Matt Boswell (Democratic) [33] ▌Stanley Campbell (Democratic) [34] ▌Keith Gross (Republican) [35] ▌Rod Joseph (Democratic) [33] ▌Bernard Korn (Democratic) [33] ▌Patricia Krentcil (Republican) [36] ▌ Debbie Mucarsel-Powell (Democratic) [37] ▌ Brian Rush (Democratic) [38] ▌Matthew Sanscrainte (Democratic) [33] ▌ Rick Scott (Republican) [39]
Hawaii	Mazie Hirono	Democratic	2012 2018	71.2% D	Incumbent running	▌ Mazie Hirono (Democratic) [40] ▌Adriel Lam (Republican) [41]
Indiana	Mike Braun	Republican	2018	50.7% R	Incumbent retired to run for governor [5]	▌ Jim Banks (Republican) [42] ▌ Marc Carmichael (Democratic) [42] ▌Andy Horning (Libertarian) [43] ▌Valerie McCray (Democratic) [42]
Maine	Angus King	Independent	2012 2018	54.3% I	Incumbent running	▌David Costello (Democratic) [44] ▌ Angus King (Independent) [45] ▌Demitroula Kouzounas (Republican) [46]
Maryland	Ben Cardin	Democratic	2006 2012 2018	64.9% D	Incumbent retired [6]	▌ Angela Alsobrooks (Democratic) [47] ▌Moe Barakat (Republican) [47] ▌Chris Chaffee (Republican) [47] ▌Michael Cobb (Democratic) [47] ▌Marcellus Crews (Democratic) [47] ▌ Robin Ficker (Republican) [47] ▌Lorie Friend (Republican) [47] ▌Brian Frydenborg (Democratic) [47] ▌Scottie Griffin (Democratic) [47] ▌ Larry Hogan (Republican) [47] ▌Robert Houton (Democratic) [47] ▌John Myrick (Republican) [47] ▌Emmanuel Osuchukwu (Independent) [47] ▌Joseph Perez (Democratic) [47] ▌Mike Scott (Libertarian) [47] ▌Steven Seuferer (Democratic) [47] ▌Laban Seyoum (Republican) [47] ▌ David Trone (Democratic) [47] ▌Nancy Wallace (Independent) [47] ▌Andrew Jaye Wildman (Democratic) [47]
Massachusetts	Elizabeth Warren	Democratic	2012 2018	60.3% D	Incumbent running	▌Robert Antonellis (Republican) [48] ▌John Deaton (Republican [49] ▌ Elizabeth Warren (Democratic) [50]
Michigan	Debbie Stabenow	Democratic	2000 2006 2012 2018	52.3% D	Incumbent retired [10]	▌ Justin Amash (Republican) [51] ▌ Nasser Beydoun (Democratic) [52] ▌Zack Burns (Democratic) [53] ▌ Hill Harper (Democratic) [54] ▌Michael Hoover (Republican) [55] ▌ Peter Meijer (Republican) [56] ▌Sherry O'Donnell (Republican) [54] ▌Sandy Pensler (Republican) [57] ▌ Mike Rogers (Republican) [58] ▌Sharon Savage (Republican) [59] ▌Ezra Scott (Republican) [60] ▌ Elissa Slotkin (Democratic) [61] ▌Alexandria Taylor (Republican) [62] ▌J. D. Wilson (Republican) [63]
Minnesota	Amy Klobuchar	DFL	2006 2012 2018	60.3% DFL	Incumbent running	▌John Berman (Republican) [64] ▌Joe Fraser (Republican) [65] ▌ Amy Klobuchar (DFL) [28] ▌Joyce Lacey (Independence-Alliance) [66] ▌Patrick Munro (Republican) [64] ▌ Royce White (Republican) [67]
Mississippi	Roger Wicker	Republican	2007 (appointed) 2008 (special) 2012 2018	58.5% R	Incumbent renominated	▌Ty Pinkins (Democratic) [68] ▌ Roger Wicker (Republican) [68]
Missouri	Josh Hawley	Republican	2018	51.4% R	Incumbent running	▌Mita Biswas (Democratic) [69] ▌December Harmon (Democratic) [69] ▌ Josh Hawley (Republican) [69] ▌ Lucas Kunce (Democratic) [69] ▌ Karla May (Democratic) [69] ▌Jared Young (Independent) [70] ▌W. C. Young (Libertarian) [69]
Montana	Jon Tester	Democratic	2006 2012 2018	50.3% D	Incumbent running	▌Robert Barb (Green) [71] ▌Sid Daoud (Libertarian) [71] ▌Michael Downey (Green) [71] ▌Michael Hummert (Democratic) [71] ▌ Brad Johnson (Republican) [71] ▌Tim Sheehy (Republican) [71] ▌ Jon Tester (Democratic) [71] ▌Charles Walking Child (Republican) [71]
Nebraska	Deb Fischer	Republican	2012 2018	57.7% R	Incumbent running	▌Kerry Eddy (Legal Marijuana Now) [25] ▌ Deb Fischer (Republican) [25] ▌Arron Kowalski (Republican) [25] ▌ Dan Osborn (Independent) [72] ▌Ken Peterson (Legal Marijuana Now) [25]
Nevada	Jacky Rosen	Democratic	2018	50.4% D	Incumbent running	▌ Sam Brown (Republican) [73] ▌Bill Conrad (Republican) [73] ▌Christopher Cunningham (Libertarian) [73] ▌Joseph Destin (Independent) [73] ▌Tony Grady Jr. (Republican) [73] ▌ Jeffrey Ross Gunter (Republican) [73] ▌Edward Hamilton (Republican) [73] ▌Janine Hansen (Independent American) [73] ▌Ronda Kennedy (Republican) [73] ▌Barry Lindemann (Republican) [73] ▌ Garn Mabey (Republican) [73] ▌ Jim Marchant (Republican) [73] ▌Gary Marinch (Republican) [73] ▌Chris Mazlo (Independent) [73] ▌Stephanie Phillips (Republican) [73] ▌Vincent Rego (Republican) [73] ▌Allen Rheinhart (Independent) [73] ▌ Jacky Rosen (Democratic) [73] ▌Mike Schaefer (Democratic) [73] ▌Edmund Uehling (Independent) [73] ▌Troy Zakari Walker (Democratic) [73] ▌Shawn White (Republican) [73]
New Jersey	Bob Menendez	Democratic	2006 (appointed) 2006 2012 2018	54.0% D	Incumbent's intent unknown	▌Curtis Bashaw (Republican) [74] ▌Patricia Campos-Medina (Democratic) [74] ▌Nicholas Carducci (Independent) [75] ▌Christine Serrano Glassner (Republican) [74] ▌Lawrence Hamm (Democratic) [74] ▌Albert Harshaw (Republican) [74] ▌Ken Kaplan (Libertarian) [76] ▌Christina Khalil (Green) [77] ▌ Andy Kim (Democratic) [74] ▌Joanne Kuniansky (Socialist Workers) [78] ▌Justin Murphy (Republican) [74] ▌Peter Vallorossi (Republican) [74]
New Mexico	Martin Heinrich	Democratic	2012 2018	54.1% D	Incumbent running	▌Nella Domenici (Republican) [79] ▌ Martin Heinrich (Democratic) [79]
New York	Kirsten Gillibrand	Democratic	2009 (appointed) 2010 (special) 2012 2018	67.0% D	Incumbent running	▌David Bellon (Republican) [80] ▌ Cara Castronuova (Republican) [80] ▌Josh Eisen (Republican) [80] ▌ Kirsten Gillibrand (Democratic) [80] ▌Khaled Salem (Democratic) [80] ▌Mike Sapraicone (Republican) [80]
North Dakota	Kevin Cramer	Republican	2018	55.1% R	Incumbent running	▌Katrina Christiansen (Democratic–NPL) [81] ▌ Kevin Cramer (Republican) [81]
Ohio	Sherrod Brown	Democratic	2006 2012 2018	53.4% D	Incumbent renominated	▌ Sherrod Brown (Democratic) [82] ▌ Bernie Moreno (Republican) [82]
Pennsylvania	Bob Casey Jr.	Democratic	2006 2012 2018	55.7% D	Incumbent running	▌ Bob Casey Jr. (Democratic) [83] ▌ David McCormick (Republican) [83] ▌John Thomas (Libertarian) [84]
Rhode Island	Sheldon Whitehouse	Democratic	2006 2012 2018	61.4% D	Incumbent running	▌Raymond McKay (Republican) [85] ▌ Patricia Morgan (Republican) [86] ▌ Sheldon Whitehouse (Democratic) [87]
Tennessee	Marsha Blackburn	Republican	2018	54.7% R	Incumbent running	▌ Marsha Blackburn (Republican) [88] ▌ Marquita Bradshaw (Democratic) [88] ▌Lola Brown (Democratic) [88] ▌Tharon Chandler (Independent) [88] ▌ Gloria Johnson (Democratic) [88] ▌Civil Miller-Watkins (Democratic) [88] ▌Pamela Moses (Independent) [88] ▌Hastina Robinson (Independent) [88] ▌Tres Wittum (Republican) [88]
Texas	Ted Cruz	Republican	2012 2018	50.9% R	Incumbent renominated	▌ Colin Allred (Democratic) [89] ▌ Ted Cruz (Republican) [89]
Utah	Mitt Romney	Republican	2018	62.6% R	Incumbent retired [8]	▌Carlton Bowen (Independent American) [90] ▌ John Curtis (Republican) [90] ▌Jeremy Friedbaum (Republican) [90] ▌ Caroline Gleich (Democratic) [90] ▌Laird Hamblin (Democratic) [90] ▌Brent Hatch (Republican) [90] ▌Brian Jenkins (Republican) [90] ▌Robert Newcomb (Independent American) [90] ▌Carolyn Phippen (Republican) [90] ▌Josh Randall (Republican) [90] ▌ Trent Staggs (Republican) [90] ▌Chandler Tanner (Republican) [90] ▌Jason Walton (Republican) [90] ▌Clark White (Republican) [90] ▌Archie Williams (Democratic) [90] ▌ Brad Wilson (Republican) [90]
Vermont	Bernie Sanders	Independent	2006 2012 2018	67.4% I	Incumbent's intent unknown	▌ Cris Ericson (Independent) [91] ▌Gerald Malloy (Republican) [92] ▌Jon Svitavsky (Democratic) [93]
Virginia	Tim Kaine	Democratic	2012 2018	57.0% D	Incumbent running	▌Hung Cao (Republican) [94] ▌Jonathan Emord (Republican) [94] ▌Eddie Garcia (Republican) [94] ▌Gwen Hickman (Republican) [94] ▌ Tim Kaine (Democratic) [28] ▌Kimberly Lowe (Republican) [94] ▌Scott Parkinson (Republican) [94] ▌Chuck Smith (Republican) [94] ▌ Ron Vitiello (Republican) [94]
Washington	Maria Cantwell	Democratic	2000 2006 2012 2018	58.3% D	Incumbent running	▌ Maria Cantwell (Democratic) [95] ▌Raul Garcia (Republican) [96]
West Virginia	Joe Manchin	Democratic	2010 (special) 2012 2018	49.6% D	Incumbent retired [9]	▌Bryan Bird (Republican) [97] ▌ Don Blankenship (Democratic) [97] ▌Glenn Elliott (Democratic) [97] ▌ Jim Justice (Republican) [97] ▌Zane Lawhorn (Republican) [97] ▌Don Lindsay (Republican) [97] ▌Bryan McKinney (Republican) [97] ▌Janet McNulty (Republican) [97] ▌ Alex Mooney (Republican) [97] ▌Zachary Shrewsbury (Democratic) [97]
Wisconsin	Tammy Baldwin	Democratic	2012 2018	55.4% D	Incumbent running	▌Phil Anderson (Libertarian) [98] ▌ Tammy Baldwin (Democratic) [99] ▌ Eric Hovde (Republican) [100] ▌Stacey Klein (Republican) [101] ▌Rejani Raveendran (Republican) [102] ▌Patrick Schaefer-Wicke (Republican) [103]
Wyoming	John Barrasso	Republican	2007 (appointed) 2008 (special) 2012 2018	67.0% R	Incumbent running	▌ John Barrasso (Republican) [104] ▌Reid Rasner (Republican) [105]

Arizona

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Arizona

See also: List of United States senators from Arizona and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona

One-term independent Kyrsten Sinema was narrowly elected in 2018 as a Democrat with 50.0% of the vote. She left the Democratic Party in December 2022. ^[106] Sinema announced on March 5, 2024, that she would not run for reelection. ^[107]

Prior to her retirement announcement, Sinema was considered vulnerable to challengers from the Democratic Party due to her opposition to some of President Joe Biden's agenda, ^[108] and U.S. representative Ruben Gallego launched an early bid for the Democratic nomination. ^{[109] [110]}

Among Republicans, Pinal County sheriff Mark Lamb and 2022 gubernatorial nominee Kari Lake have announced their candidacies. ^{[111] [112]} Solar panel manufacturer Jim Lamon ^[113] is considering running for the Republican nomination. Former governor Doug Ducey said he is unlikely to run. ^[114]

California

California election

←  2018 2030 →

Candidate Adam Schiff Steve Garvey Party Democratic Republican

Incumbent U.S. senator Laphonza Butler [lower-alpha 10] Democratic

Main article: 2024 United States Senate elections in California

See also: List of United States senators from California and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in California

Five-term Democrat Dianne Feinstein was reelected in 2018 with 54.2% of the vote against another Democrat. On February 14, 2023, Feinstein announced that she would not seek reelection to a sixth term. ^[115] However, she died on September 29, 2023, leaving the seat vacant. Democrat Laphonza Butler, president of EMILY's List, was appointed by California Governor Gavin Newsom to succeed Feinstein on October 2, 2023. ^[116] Butler is not running for election to a full term, or for the final two months of the current term. ^[12]

There were three major Democratic candidates for the seat — U.S. representatives Barbara Lee, Katie Porter, and Adam Schiff — along with former professional baseball player Steve Garvey running as a Republican. ^{[117] [118] [119] [120] [121]} Schiff was viewed as representing the establishment wing of the Democratic Party, while Porter and Lee represent the progressive wing. ^[122]

Adam Schiff and Steve Garvey won the non-partisan primary election which took place on March 5, 2024, during Super Tuesday, setting up a general election campaign between the two. ^[122]

Due to California's election rules, similar to the previous election for the other seat, there will be two ballot items for the same seat: a general election, to elect a Class 1 senator to a full term beginning with the 119th United States Congress, to be sworn in on January 3, 2025; and a special election to fill that seat for the final weeks of the 118th Congress.

Connecticut

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Connecticut

See also: List of United States senators from Connecticut and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Connecticut

Two-term Democrat Chris Murphy was reelected in 2018 with 59.5% of the vote. He has announced he is running for a third term. ^[123] Gerry Smith, First Selectman of Beacon Falls, Connecticut announced his campaign in early February 2024. ^[30] Lobbyist Robert F. Hyde is also a Republican candidate. ^[124]

Delaware

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Delaware

See also: List of United States senators from Delaware and 2024 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware

Four-term Democrat Tom Carper was reelected in 2018 with 60.0% of the vote. He announced on May 22, 2023, that he will be retiring, and will not run for a fifth term. ^[125]

Delaware's at-large U.S. representative Lisa Blunt Rochester is running for the Democratic nomination to succeed Carper, who endorsed her when he announced his retirement. ^{[126] [31]}

Term-limited governor John Carney is also considered a possible Democratic candidate. ^{[125] [127]} Carney announced that he is considering a campaign for mayor of Wilmington. ^[128]

Among Republicans, businessman Eric Hansen has announced his candidacy. ^[129]

Florida

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Florida

See also: List of United States senators from Florida and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida

Former governor and incumbent one-term Republican Rick Scott was narrowly elected in 2018 with 50.06% of the vote. He is running for reelection to a second term. ^[39] Brevard County assistant district attorney Keith Gross is expected to announce a primary challenge against Scott. ^{[130] [131]}

Former U.S. Representative Debbie Mucarsel-Powell is running for the Democratic nomination to challenge Scott. ^[37] Former U.S. representative Stephanie Murphy, ^[132] state senator Shevrin Jones, ^[133] suspended Hillsborough County state's attorney Andrew H. Warren, ^[134] Brevard County School Board trustee Jennifer Jenkins, ^[135] and former professional basketball players Grant Hill and Dwyane Wade ^[136] are also considered potential Democratic candidates.

Hawaii

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Hawaii

See also: List of United States senators from Hawaii and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii

Two-term Democrat Mazie Hirono was reelected in 2018 with 71.2% of the vote. Hirono is running for a third term. ^[28]

Indiana

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Indiana

See also: List of United States senators from Indiana and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana

One-term Republican Mike Braun was elected in 2018 with 50.8% of the vote. Braun is retiring to prepare to run for governor of Indiana. ^[5] U.S. representative Jim Banks is running unopposed after his only competition, businessman John Rust, was disqualified. ^[137]

Former state Representative Marc Carmichael and psychologist Valerie McCray are both running for the Democratic nomination. ^[138]

Maine

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Maine

See also: List of United States senators from Maine and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine

Two-term Independent incumbent Angus King was reelected in 2018 with 54.3% of the vote in a three-candidate election. He intends to run for a third term despite previously hinting that he may retire. ^[139]

Democratic consultant David Costello has announced he is challenging King. ^[44]

Former Maine Republican Party chair Demitroula Kouzounas is running. ^[46]

Maryland

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Maryland

See also: List of United States senators from Maryland and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland

Three-term Democrat Ben Cardin was reelected in 2018 with 64.9% of the vote. On May 1, 2023, Cardin announced he is not running for reelection. ^[140]

Prince George's County executive Angela Alsobrooks, ^[141] tech executive Marcellus Crews, ^[142] and U.S. Representative David Trone ^[143] are running for the Democratic nomination.

Former state delegate Robin Ficker ^[144] and former governor Larry Hogan ^[145] are running as Republicans. Hogan had previously declined to run, ^[145] but unexpectedly filed to run hours before the candidate filing deadline. ^[47]

Massachusetts

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Massachusetts

See also: List of United States senators from Massachusetts and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts

Two-term Democrat Elizabeth Warren was reelected in 2018 with 60.3% of the vote. On March 27, 2023, Warren announced that she is running for reelection. ^[146]

Software company owner Robert Antonellis is running as a Republican. ^[147] Former lieutenant governor Karyn Polito is seen as a potential candidate for the Republican nomination. ^[148]

Michigan

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Michigan

See also: List of United States senators from Michigan and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan

Four-term Democrat Debbie Stabenow was reelected in 2018 with 52.3% of the vote. She announced on January 5, 2023, that she will retire, and will not run for a fifth term. ^[10] Representative Elissa Slotkin, ^[149] and state representative Leslie Love ^[150] have announced their candidacies for the Democratic nomination. Businessman and 2006 Republican candidate for this seat Nasser Beydoun has also declared his candidacy as a Democrat. ^[151] Actor Hill Harper announced his campaign for the Democratic nomination in July 2023. ^[152]

Former U.S. representatives Mike Rogers, Justin Amash, Peter Meijer, and hedge fund manager Sandy Pensler ^[153] are running for the Republican nomination. ^{[154] [56] [155] [156]}

Representatives Bill Huizenga and Lisa McClain, state senator Ruth Johnson, and 2022 gubernatorial candidate Kevin Rinke ^[157] are also considered possible Republican candidates. ^[158]

Representative John James, the Republican nominee for this seat in 2018 and for Michigan's other Senate seat in 2020, declined to run. ^[159]

Minnesota

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Minnesota

See also: List of United States senators from Minnesota and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota

Three-term Democrat Amy Klobuchar was reelected in 2018 with 60.3% of the vote. She is running for a fourth term. ^[28]

Among Republicans, former NBA basketball player Royce White and, banker and retired U.S. Navy commander, Joe Fraser, have declared their candidacies. ^{[160] [161]}

Third party candidates consist of guardianship advocate and Republican candidate for governor in 2022, Independence-Alliance Party candidate, Joyce Lacy. ^[162]

Mississippi

Mississippi election

←  2018 2030 →

Nominee Roger Wicker Ty Pinkins Party Republican Democratic

Incumbent U.S. senator Roger Wicker Republican

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Mississippi

See also: List of United States senators from Mississippi and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi

Two-term Republican Roger Wicker was reelected in 2018 with 58.5% of the vote. Wicker is running for a third full term. He faced a primary challenge from state representative Dan Eubanks and won by a comfortable margin. ^[163] Wicker will be face Democratic lawyer Ty Pinkins in the general election. ^[164]

Missouri

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Missouri

See also: List of United States senators from Missouri and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri

One-term Republican Josh Hawley was elected in 2018 with 51.4% of the vote. He is running for reelection. ^[165]

Marine Veteran Lucas Kunce, who ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination in 2022, has announced he is running again. State senator Karla May ^[166] and December Harmon, a member of the Columbia Police Review Board, ^[167] have also announced their campaigns for the Democratic nomination.

Montana

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Montana

See also: List of United States senators from Montana and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Montana

Three-term Democrat Jon Tester was narrowly reelected in 2018 with 50.3% of the vote. On February 22, 2023, he announced he is running for a fourth term. Tester is one of two Democratic senators running for reelection who represent states won by Republican Donald Trump in both the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections. ^[168]

Businessman and former Navy Seal Tim Sheehy is running for the Republican nomination. ^[169] U.S. representative Matt Rosendale, also a Republican, announced his candidacy on February 9, 2024, ^[170] but withdrew his candidacy on February 16, 2024. ^[171]

Nebraska

See also: List of United States senators from Nebraska and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska

There will be two elections in Nebraska, due to the resignation of Ben Sasse.

Nebraska (regular)

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Nebraska

Two-term Republican Deb Fischer was reelected in 2018 with 57.7% of the vote. On May 14, 2021, Fischer announced she is seeking reelection, despite previously declaring an intention to retire. ^[172]

Dan Osborn, a union leader and mechanic, is running as an independent. Since no Democrats have filed, the state party is considering supporting him. ^[173]

Nebraska (special)

Main article: 2024 United States Senate special election in Nebraska

Two-term Republican Ben Sasse resigned his seat on January 8, 2023, to become president of the University of Florida. ^{[174] [13]} Former governor and 2006 Senate nominee Pete Ricketts was appointed by Governor Jim Pillen and a special election for the seat will take place concurrently with the 2024 regular Senate elections. Ricketts and Air Force veteran John Glen Weaver have declared their candidacies for the Republican nomination. ^[175]

Nevada

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Nevada

See also: List of United States senators from Nevada and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Nevada

One-term Democrat Jacky Rosen was elected in 2018 with 50.4% of the vote. Rosen is running for a second term. ^[28]

Among Republicans, former state assemblyman Jim Marchant, who ran for secretary of state in 2022, has announced his candidacy. ^[176] On July 9, 2023, veteran and 2022 Senate candidate Sam Brown announced that he would be a candidate. ^[177] Other potential Republican challengers include state Senate minority leader Heidi Gansert, former ambassador to Iceland Jeffrey Ross Gunter, ^[178] reality television personality Rick Harrison, and venture capitalist Guy Nohra. ^{[179] [180] [181] [182] [157]} Former state attorney general Adam Laxalt, who narrowly lost to Senator Catherine Cortez Masto in 2022, has said that he is unlikely to challenge Rosen. ^[183]

New Jersey

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in New Jersey

See also: List of United States senators from New Jersey and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in New Jersey

Democrat Bob Menendez was reelected in 2018 with 54.0% of the vote. On July 13, 2021, The New Jersey Globe reported that Menendez planned to run for a fourth full term. ^{[184] [185]} On September 22, 2023, Menendez was indicted on federal bribery charges. ^[186] On March 14, 2024, a week after his planned retirement, Menendez reversed his decision considering to run for re-election as an Independent candidate. ^[187] Numerous national and New Jersey Democrats, including Governor Phil Murphy, called on Menendez to resign the same day, ^[188] including Congressman Andy Kim, who is running for the Democratic nomination. ^[189]

Financier and current First Lady of New Jersey, Tammy Murphy, had also declared her candidacy for the nomination until she ended her campaign in March 2024. ^[190]

Mendham Mayor Christine Serrano Glassner ^[191] and former Andover Township School Board Trustee Daniel Cruz have declared their candidacies for the Republican nomination. ^[75]

New Mexico

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in New Mexico

See also: List of United States senators from New Mexico and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in New Mexico

Two-term Democrat Martin Heinrich was reelected in 2018 with 54.1% of the vote in a three-candidate race. He is running for a third term. ^[192] Hedge fund executive Nella Domenici, whose father served in the U.S. Senate, announced her candidacy for the Republican nomination on January 17, 2024. ^[193]

New York

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in New York

See also: List of United States senators from New York and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in New York

Two-term Democrat Kirsten Gillibrand was reelected in 2018 with 67.0% of the vote. She is running for a third full term. ^[194]

North Dakota

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in North Dakota

See also: List of United States senators from North Dakota and 2024 United States House of Representatives election in North Dakota

One-term Republican Kevin Cramer was elected in 2018 with 55.1% of the vote. Cramer, as of now, is running for re-election. ^[195]

Democrat Katrina Christiansen, an engineering professor from the University of Jamestown and candidate for the Senate in 2022 filed paperwork and announced her candidacy in early October. ^{[196] [197]} Democrat Kristin Hedger, a businesswoman and nominee for North Dakota secretary of state in 2006 has filed paperwork to run for Cramer's seat, but has yet to make an official announcement. ^[198]

Ohio

Ohio election

←  2018 2030 →

Nominee Sherrod Brown Bernie Moreno Party Democratic Republican

Incumbent U.S. senator Sherrod Brown Democratic

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Ohio

See also: List of United States senators from Ohio and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio

Three-term Democrat Sherrod Brown was reelected in 2018 with 53.4% of the vote. Brown is running for a fourth term. He is also one of two Democratic senators running for reelection who represent states won by Republican Donald Trump in both the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections. ^[199]

The Republican nominee is businessman Bernie Moreno, who defeated state senator Matt Dolan and secretary of state Frank LaRose in the primary election. ^[200]

Pennsylvania

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania

See also: List of United States senators from Pennsylvania and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania

Three-term Democrat Bob Casey Jr., was reelected in 2018 with 55.7% of the vote. Casey is running for a fourth term. ^[201] He is being challenged by engineer Blaine Forkner. ^[202]

2022 Senate candidate David McCormick is running for the Republican nomination. ^{[203] [204] [205] [206] [207] [208]} On September 30, 2023, the Pennsylvania Republican Party endorsed McCormick. ^[209] Conestoga Township treasurer Brandi Tomasetti is also running for the nomination. ^[210]

Rhode Island

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Rhode Island

See also: List of United States senators from Rhode Island and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Rhode Island

Three-term Democrat Sheldon Whitehouse was reelected in 2018 with 61.4% of the vote. He is running for a fourth term. Republicans who have announced their candidacies include state Representative Patricia Morgan ^[211] and IT professional Raymond McKay. ^[85]

Tennessee

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Tennessee

See also: List of United States senators from Tennessee and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee

One-term Republican Marsha Blackburn was elected in 2018 with 54.7% of the vote. Blackburn has filed paperwork to run for reelection. Democratic state Representative Gloria Johnson, who avoided expulsion by one vote in April 2023, announced her candidacy in September. ^[212]

Texas

Texas election

←  2018 2030 →

Nominee Ted Cruz Colin Allred Party Republican Democratic

Incumbent U.S. senator Ted Cruz Republican

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Texas

See also: List of United States senators from Texas and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas

Two-term Republican Ted Cruz was reelected in 2018 with 50.9% of the vote. Cruz is running for a third term. ^[213]

The Democratic nominee is U.S. representative Colin Allred, who defeated state senator Roland Gutierrez and state representative Carl Sherman in the primary election. ^{[214] [215]}

Utah

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Utah

See also: List of United States senators from Utah and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Utah

One-term Republican Mitt Romney was elected in 2018 with 62.6% of the vote. On September 13, 2023, Romney announced he would not seek reelection in 2024. ^[216]

Announced Republican candidates include Riverton Mayor Trent Staggs, ^[217] state House Speaker Brad Wilson, ^[218] and U.S. Representative John Curtis. ^[219]

Vermont

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Vermont

See also: List of United States senators from Vermont and 2024 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont

Three-term independent Bernie Sanders was reelected in 2018 with 67.4% of the vote. He is being challenged by artist Cris Ericson, an independent perennial candidate. ^[91]

Virginia

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Virginia

See also: List of United States senators from Virginia and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia

Two-term Democrat Tim Kaine was reelected in 2018 with 57.0% of the vote. On January 20, 2023, he confirmed he is running for reelection to a third term. ^[220] Governor Glenn Youngkin, who will be term-limited in 2025, is considered a possible Republican candidate. ^[221]

On July 18, 2023, Navy veteran Hung Cao announced he would run as a Republican. Cao unsuccessfully ran for the U.S. House of Representatives against Democrat Jennifer Wexton in 2022. ^[222]

Washington

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Washington

See also: List of United States senators from Washington and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Washington

Four-term Democrat Maria Cantwell was reelected in 2018 with 58.3% of the vote.

Emergency room physician Raul Garcia announced that he would run as a Republican. ^[223]

West Virginia

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in West Virginia

See also: List of United States senators from West Virginia and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in West Virginia

Democrat Joe Manchin was reelected in 2018 with 49.6% of the vote. There were reports he planned to run for a third full term, ^[224] but on October 5, 2022, Manchin said, "What I do in 2024 has nothing to do with what I do right now" and that he was watching the 2022 elections before deciding. ^[28] On March 5, 2023, Manchin said he would make his decision in December 2023, although he had filed paperwork to run. ^[225] On November 9, 2023, Manchin announced he would not seek reelection. ^[9] Since Manchin announced his retirement, all major outlets have since rated this seat as expected to flip to GOP control, which would put this seat in Republican hands for the first time in 68 years.

Community organizer and U.S. Marine Corps veteran Zachary Shrewsbury and former coal executive Don Blankenship are running for the Democratic nomination. ^{[226] [227]}

Governor Jim Justice ^[228] and Representative Alex Mooney ^[229] are running in the Republican primary.

Manchin had received cross-party endorsements from fellow senators Susan Collins and Lisa Murkowski, ^[230] both of whom Manchin had endorsed during their respective reelection campaigns. ^{[231] [232]}

Wisconsin

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Wisconsin

See also: List of United States senators from Wisconsin and 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin

Two-term Democrat Tammy Baldwin was reelected in 2018 with 55.4% of the vote. She is running for reelection. ^[99] Hedge fund manager Eric Hovde, candidate for the Senate in 2012, announced a second attempt at the Republican nomination. Former Milwaukee County sheriff David Clarke ^[233] is seen as a potential Republican challenger to Hovde's bid if he decides to run. ^{[234] [235]}

Wyoming

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Wyoming

See also: List of United States senators from Wyoming and 2024 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming

Republican John Barrasso was reelected in 2018 with 67.0% of the vote.

See also

• 2024 United States elections
  • 2024 United States gubernatorial elections
  • 2024 United States presidential election
  • 2024 United States House of Representatives elections
• 118th United States Congress
• 119th United States Congress

Notes

1. Majority control in an evenly divided Senate is determined by the Vice President of the United States, who has the power to break tied votes in their constitutional capacity as President of the Senate. Accordingly, Senate control requires 51 seats without control of the vice presidency or 50 seats with control of the vice presidency.
2. All three independent senators (Bernie Sanders of Vermont, Angus King of Maine, and Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona) caucus with Senate Democrats. ^[1]
3. The U.S. vice president, who will be determined in 2024, breaks ties in a 50–50 Senate. Republicans need 50 seats if they win the vice presidency or 51 if they do not.
4. The last elections for this group of senators were in 2018, except for those elected in a special election or who were appointed after the resignation or death of a sitting senator, as noted.
5. Sinema was elected as a Democrat and switched to being an independent in December 2022.
6. In both the regular election and the special election.
7. Democrat Dianne Feinstein won with 54.2% of the vote in 2018 against a fellow Democrat, but died in office on September 29, 2023.
8. Republican Ben Sasse won with 62.7% of the vote in 2020, but resigned January 8, 2023, to become president of the University of Florida.
9. Democratic total includes 3 Independents who caucus with the Democrats.
10. In October 2023, Butler was appointed by Governor Gavin Newsom to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Senator Dianne Feinstein.

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