| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
All 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives [a] 218 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Results Democratic gain Republican gain Democratic hold Republican hold | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
The 2022 United States House of Representatives elections were held on November 8, 2022, as part of the 2022 United States elections during incumbent president Joe Biden's term. Representatives were elected from all 435 U.S. congressional districts across each of the 50 states to serve in the 118th United States Congress, as well as 5 non-voting members of the U.S. House of Representatives from the District of Columbia and four of the five inhabited insular areas. Numerous other federal, state, and local elections, including the 2022 U.S. Senate elections and the 2022 U.S. gubernatorial elections, were also held simultaneously. This was the first election after the 2020 redistricting cycle.
The Republican Party, led by Kevin McCarthy, won control of the House, defeating Nancy Pelosi and the Democratic Party, which had held a majority in the House since 2019, as a result of the 2018 elections. [1] [2] Although most observers and pundits predicted large Republican gains, [3] [4] [5] they instead narrowly won 4 seats over the 218 seats needed for a majority, [6] as Democrats won several upsets in districts considered Republican-leaning or won by Donald Trump in the 2020 U.S. presidential election, such as Washington's 3rd congressional district . Republicans also won some upsets in districts that Joe Biden won by double-digits, including New York's 4th congressional district . [7] [8] Observers attributed Democrats' surprise over-performance to, among other factors, [9] the issue of abortion in the United States after Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization , [10] and the underperformance of multiple statewide and congressional Republican candidates who held extreme views, [11] [12] [13] including refusal to accept the party's 2020 electoral loss. [14] [15] On the other hand, Democrats' political prospects were weighed down by the 2021–2022 inflation spike, which Republicans blamed on President Biden and the Democratic-controlled Congress. [16] The elections marked the first time since 1875 that Democrats won all districts along the Pacific Ocean. [17] This was the first time since 2004 that Republicans gained House seats in consecutive elections.
Gerrymandering during the 2020 U.S. redistricting cycle had a significant impact on the 2022 election results. Republicans made gains as a result of gerrymandering in Florida, Georgia, Tennessee, and Texas, while Democrats made gains as a result of gerrymandering in Illinois and New Mexico. Defensive gerrymanders helped both parties hold competitive seats in various states, [18] while Republican gains in New York and Democratic gains in North Carolina and Ohio were made possible because their state supreme courts overturned gerrymanders passed by their state legislatures. [1] [19] [20] [21]
The narrow margin by which Republicans won their House majority resulted in historic legislative difficulties in the 118th Congress. Due to a number of Republican holdouts affiliated with the conservative House Freedom Caucus, McCarthy was not elected Speaker of the House until the 15th round of voting, thus marking the first time since 1923 that a speaker was not elected in the first round. [22] This was the smallest Republican majority since 2000, before Republicans were re-elected with a smaller majority in 2024.
Forty-six states used the first-past-the-post voting plurality system to elect their representatives. Instant-runoff voting was used in two states (Alaska and Maine) and runoff system was used in two states (Georgia and Louisiana).
As mail-in voting has increased in U.S. elections, particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic, the results in some congressional races were not known immediately following the election, which was more competitive and closer than expected, [23] as a widely predicted red wave election did not materialize. [24] Instead, Democrats lost fewer seats than expected at less than 10 and fewer than the average (25) for the president's party since the end of World War II. [25] [26] Several tossup or lean Republican races were won by Democrats, including upsets in Colorado's 8th , North Carolina's 13th , and Washington's 3rd congressional districts; [27] [28] [29] Washington 3rd's seat was particularly notable because the Cook Political Report had labeled the district as lean Republican and FiveThirtyEight had Marie Gluesenkamp Perez's chance of winning at 2-in-100. [30] [31] Democrats also narrowly missed a further upset for the Colorado's 3rd seat held by Republican Lauren Boebert; it was so close that it needed a recount. [32]
Democrats performed better than expected in states like Ohio and Pennsylvania, [33] benefitting from a coattail effect, [34] [35] and performed well in Colorado and New England but suffered substantial losses in New York. [1] In Florida and New York, Republicans achieved state-specific red waves, [36] [37] [38] and red states became redder. [39] Gerrymandering during the 2020 U.S. redistricting cycle gave each party advantages in various states; due to advantageous maps, Republicans performed well or made gains in Florida, Georgia, Texas, and Tennessee, and Democrats made gains in Illinois and New Mexico. [1] [19] As of November 10, 14 seats were flipped, with Republicans gaining 11 of them for a net gain of 8 seats; Republicans needed to maintain a net gain of at least 5 seats to regain the House. [1] Republicans won the popular vote by a 3 percent margin and would have won it even if Democrats had contested more seats than they did, which may have cost them about 1–2 percent in the final popular vote margin. [19] According to Harry Enten of CNN, the final popular vote margin was the second-closest midterm margin for a U.S. House election in the last 70 years. [40]
The unprecedented degree of Republican underperformance during the election defied election analysts' predictions of heavy gains, given that while a majority of voters trusted Democrats on abortion, they were disappointed with the performance of Joe Biden and Democrats on issues facing the country, such as the economy and inflation, crime, and immigration. [3] [4] [5] This has been variously attributed by political commentators to the issue of abortion after Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization overturned Roe v. Wade in June 2022; [10] candidate quality among Republicans who held extremist or unpopular views, [11] [12] [13] such as denial of the 2020 U.S. presidential election results; [14] and youth turnout, among others. [9] According to Ron Brownstein of CNN in 2023, exit polls showed that House Democrats won independent voters by 2 percentage points, making it the first time the party holding the White House did so in a midterm election since at least 1982. [41]
Biden described the results as a "strong night" for Democrats, [42] and he urged for cooperation in Congress. [43] Senator Lindsey Graham commented: "It's certainly not a red wave, that's for darn sure. But it is clear that we will take back the House." [44] On November 9, when the results for the House were still uncertain, the Republican House leader Kevin McCarthy launched his bid to succeed long-time House Democratic leader Nancy Pelosi as Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. [43] In a letter asking for support among Republicans, he wrote: "I trust you know that earning the majority is only the beginning. Now, we will be measured by what we do with our majority. Now the real work begins." [43]
Control of the House would not be known until November 16, when it became clear that the Republican Party had won a majority of the House after Mike Garcia was projected to win reelection in California's 27th congressional district , giving Republicans a total of at least 218 seats; [45] their majority was to be narrow. [46] The size of the majority remained in doubt with several races still to be called more than one week after Election Day. [47] On November 17, after Republicans were projected to win back the House, Pelosi announced that she would not seek reelection as Speaker of the House, [48] and Hakeem Jeffries was later selected as the Democratic nominee by acclamation. [49] On November 15, McCarthy won an internal Republican caucus poll as the party's nominee for Speaker of the House; [45] as several members of the Republican caucus did not vote for him and had expressed opposition to his speakership, it cast doubt on how the 2023 U.S. speaker election, which began on January 3, would unfold. [50] [51] McCarthy's speaker bid was the first of a party leader since 1923 that did not succeed on the first ballot.
The 2022 election results are compared below to the 2020 election. The table does not include blank and over or under votes, both of which were included in the official results.
222 | 213 |
Republican | Democratic |
Parties | Popular vote | Seats | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vote | % | Change | 2020 | 2022 | +/− | Strength | ||
Republican Party | 54,227,992 | 50.01% | +2.78% | 213 | 222 | 9 | 51.0% | |
Democratic Party | 51,280,463 | 47.29% | –2.97% | 222 | 213 | 9 | 49.0% | |
Libertarian Party | 724,264 | 0.67% | –0.05% | — | — | — | — | |
Independent | 515,322 | 0.47% | +0.19% | — | — | — | — | |
Green Party | 69,802 | 0.06% | = | — | — | — | — | |
Constitution Party | 29,886 | 0.03% | –0.02% | — | — | — | — | |
Other parties | 1,481,822 | 1.37% | +0.08% | — | — | — | — | |
Write-ins | 113,836 | 0.10% | = | — | — | — | — | |
Totals | 108,443,387 | 100.00% | — | 435 | 435 | 100.00% | ||
Source: Election Statistics – Office of the Clerk |
State | Total seats | Republican | Democratic | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats | Change | Seats | Change | ||
Alabama | 7 | 6 | 1 | ||
Alaska | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Arizona | 9 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
Arkansas | 4 | 4 | 0 | ||
California | 52 | 12 | 1 | 40 | 2 |
Colorado | 8 | 3 | 5 | 1 | |
Connecticut | 5 | 0 | 5 | ||
Delaware | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
Florida | 28 | 20 | 4 | 8 | 3 |
Georgia | 14 | 9 | 1 | 5 | 1 |
Hawaii | 2 | 0 | 2 | ||
Idaho | 2 | 2 | 0 | ||
Illinois | 17 | 3 | 2 | 14 | 1 |
Indiana | 9 | 7 | 2 | ||
Iowa | 4 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Kansas | 4 | 3 | 1 | ||
Kentucky | 6 | 5 | 1 | ||
Louisiana | 6 | 5 | 1 | ||
Maine | 2 | 0 | 2 | ||
Maryland | 8 | 1 | 7 | ||
Massachusetts | 9 | 0 | 9 | ||
Michigan | 13 | 6 | 1 | 7 | |
Minnesota | 8 | 4 | 4 | ||
Mississippi | 4 | 3 | 1 | ||
Missouri | 8 | 6 | 2 | ||
Montana | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
Nebraska | 3 | 3 | 0 | ||
Nevada | 4 | 1 | 3 | ||
New Hampshire | 2 | 0 | 2 | ||
New Jersey | 12 | 3 | 1 | 9 | 1 |
New Mexico | 3 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
New York | 26 | 11 | 3 | 15 | 4 |
North Carolina | 14 | 7 | 1 | 7 | 2 |
North Dakota | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Ohio | 15 | 10 | 2 | 5 | 1 |
Oklahoma | 5 | 5 | 0 | ||
Oregon | 6 | 2 | 1 | 4 | |
Pennsylvania | 17 | 8 | 1 | 9 | |
Rhode Island | 2 | 0 | 2 | ||
South Carolina | 7 | 6 | 1 | ||
South Dakota | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Tennessee | 9 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Texas | 38 | 25 | 2 | 13 | |
Utah | 4 | 4 | 0 | ||
Vermont | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
Virginia | 11 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 1 |
Washington | 10 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 1 |
West Virginia | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
Wisconsin | 8 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
Wyoming | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Total | 435 | 222 | 9 | 213 | 9 |
In total, 49 representatives and one non-voting delegate (30 Democrats and 20 Republicans) retired, 17 of whom (nine Democrats and eight Republicans) sought other offices. [52]
Three seats were left vacant on the day of the general election due to resignations or death in 2022, two of which were not filled until the next Congress.
Two Democrats resigned before the end of their terms.
One Republican died in office.
Fourteen incumbents lost renomination in the primary elections and nine incumbents lost reelection in the general elections.
Six Democrats, three of whom were freshmen, lost renomination.
Eight Republicans, two of whom were freshmen, lost renomination.
Six Democrats lost re-election to Republicans.
Three Republicans, two of whom were freshmen, lost re-election to Democrats.
The 2020 United States census determined how many of the 435 congressional districts each state receives for the 2020 redistricting cycle. Due to population shifts, California, Illinois, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia each lost one seat. Conversely, Colorado, Florida, Montana, North Carolina, and Oregon each gained one seat; and Texas gained two seats. [129]
New seatsSix new districts were created, and two districts were restored, after the 2020 redistricting process: | Seats eliminatedThe following districts were eliminated and became obsolete:
|
The following districts had multiple incumbent representatives running, a product of multiple districts merging in redistricting.
Republican seats won by Democrats
| Democratic seats won by Republicans
|
This section needs additional citations for verification .(November 2022) |
Of the 435 districts created in the 2020 redistricting, eighteen had no incumbent representative.
Democratic gainEight Democrats were elected in newly created seats.
| Republican gainTen Republicans were elected in newly created seats.
|
This is a list of House seats where the winner of the 2020 presidential election and the incumbent in the district were from different parties. The results for the 2020 elections accounted for redistricting and was representative of the new district boundaries. [139]
This is a list of districts that voted for Trump in 2020 but had a Democratic incumbent:
This is a list of districts that voted for Biden in 2020 but had a Republican incumbent:
Seventy-four races were decided by 10% or lower.
District | Winner | Margin |
---|---|---|
Colorado 3rd | Republican | 0.17% |
California 13th | Republican | 0.42% |
Michigan 10th | Republican | 0.49% |
New York 17th | Republican (flip) | 0.64% |
Colorado 8th | Democratic | 0.69% |
Iowa 3rd | Republican (flip) | 0.69% [b] |
New Mexico 2nd | Democratic (flip) | 0.70% |
Connecticut 5th | Democratic | 0.79% |
Washington 3rd | Democratic (flip) | 0.83% |
Arizona 1st | Republican | 0.88% |
New York 22nd | Republican | 0.98% |
New York 18th | Democratic | 1.35% |
Arizona 6th | Republican (flip) | 1.50% |
New York 19th | Republican (flip) | 1.56% |
Pennsylvania 7th | Democratic | 1.97% |
Oregon 5th | Republican (flip) | 2.08% |
Pennsylvania 8th | Democratic | 2.45% |
Oregon 6th | Democratic | 2.45% |
California 34th | Democratic | 2.49% [c] |
Nebraska 2nd | Republican | 2.67% |
New Jersey 7th | Republican (flip) | 2.80% |
California 22nd | Republican | 3.05% |
Montana 1st | Republican | 3.16% |
North Carolina 13th | Democratic | 3.19% |
Virginia 2nd | Republican (flip) | 3.41% |
California 47th | Democratic | 3.43% |
New York 4th | Republican (flip) | 3.59% |
Wisconsin 3rd | Republican (flip) | 3.70% |
Rhode Island 2nd | Democratic | 3.71% |
Nevada 3rd | Democratic | 3.97% |
Illinois 17th | Democratic | 3.97% |
Virginia 7th | Democratic | 4.66% |
California 41st | Republican | 4.69% |
North Carolina 1st | Democratic | 4.74% |
Florida 23rd | Democratic | 4.76% |
California 45th | Republican | 4.83% |
Nevada 4th | Democratic | 4.83% |
Minnesota 2nd | Democratic | 5.23% |
California 49th | Democratic | 5.26% |
Ohio 13th | Democratic | 5.35% |
Michigan 7th | Democratic | 5.42% |
Ohio 1st | Democratic (flip) | 5.52% |
Nevada 1st | Democratic | 5.61% |
Indiana 1st | Democratic | 5.68% |
Maine 2nd | Democratic | 6.10% |
California 27th | Republican | 6.48% |
Virginia 10th | Democratic | 6.51% |
Pennsylvania 17th | Democratic | 6.78% |
Iowa 1st | Republican | 6.81% |
Washington 8th | Democratic | 6.87% |
Florida 9th | Democratic | 7.27% |
California 3rd | Republican | 7.30% |
Oregon 4th | Democratic | 7.48% |
New York 3rd | Republican (flip) | 7.53% |
Pennsylvania 10th | Republican | 7.67% |
New York 25th | Democratic | 7.74% |
Arizona 2nd | Republican (flip) | 7.74% |
Florida 13th | Republican (flip) | 8.08% |
New Hampshire 1st | Democratic | 8.13% |
Iowa 2nd | Republican | 8.25% |
Illinois 14th | Democratic | 8.32% |
California 21st | Democratic | 8.36% |
Texas 15th | Republican | 8.48% |
Texas 34th | Democratic | 8.50% |
Illinois 6th | Democratic | 8.72% |
North Carolina 6th | Democratic | 8.85% |
Wisconsin 1st | Republican | 8.91% |
California 26th | Democratic | 9.06% |
North Carolina 11th | Republican | 9.28% |
Maryland 6th | Democratic | 9.58% |
California 9th | Democratic | 9.63% |
Pennsylvania 1st | Republican | 9.73% |
Alaska at-large | Democratic | 9.93% |
Georgia 2nd | Democratic | 9.95% |
In February 2022, The Guardian reported that "America is poised to have a staggeringly low number of competitive seats in the US House, an alarming trend that makes it harder to govern and exacerbates political polarization." The 2020 redistricting cycle resulted in 94% of the U.S. House running in relatively safe seats, often due to gerrymandering. [140] [141]
There were nine special elections in 2022 to the 117th United States Congress, listed here by date and district.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Florida 20 | Alcee Hastings | Democratic | 1992 | Incumbent died April 6, 2021. New member elected January 11, 2022. Democratic hold. [142] |
Others
|
California 22 | Devin Nunes | Republican | 2002 | Incumbent resigned January 1, 2022, to become CEO of TMTG. New member elected June 7, 2022. Republican hold. [143] |
|
Texas 34 | Filemon Vela Jr. | Democratic | 2012 | Incumbent resigned March 31, 2022, to join Akin Gump. New member elected June 14, 2022. Republican gain. [144] |
|
Nebraska 1 | Jeff Fortenberry | Republican | 2004 | Incumbent resigned March 31, 2022, due to criminal conviction. New member elected June 28, 2022. Republican hold. [145] |
|
Minnesota 1 | Jim Hagedorn | Republican | 2018 | Incumbent died February 17, 2022. New member elected August 9, 2022. Republican hold. [146] |
Others
|
Alaska at-large | Don Young | Republican | 1973 (special) | Incumbent died March 18, 2022. New member elected August 16, 2022. Democratic gain. [147] |
|
New York 19 | Antonio Delgado | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent resigned May 25, 2022, to become Lieutenant Governor of New York. New member elected August 23, 2022. Democratic hold. [148] |
|
New York 23 | Tom Reed | Republican | 2010 (special) | Incumbent resigned May 10, 2022, to join Prime Policy Group. New member elected August 23, 2022. Republican hold. [149] |
|
Indiana 2 | Jackie Walorski | Republican | 2012 | Incumbent died August 3, 2022. [105] New member elected November 8, 2022. Republican hold; winner also elected to next term. [150] |
|
Response category | GOP | DEM | % of total vote |
---|---|---|---|
Total vote | 50 | 47 | 100 |
Ideology | |||
Liberals | 7 | 92 | 24 |
Moderates | 41 | 56 | 40 |
Conservatives | 91 | 8 | 36 |
Party | |||
Democrats | 3 | 96 | 33 |
Republicans | 96 | 3 | 36 |
Independents | 47 | 49 | 31 |
Gender | |||
Men | 56 | 42 | 48 |
Women | 45 | 53 | 52 |
Marital status | |||
Married | 58 | 41 | 60 |
Unmarried | 39 | 59 | 40 |
Gender by marital status | |||
Married men | 59 | 39 | 30 |
Married women | 56 | 42 | 30 |
Unmarried men | 52 | 45 | 16 |
Unmarried women | 31 | 68 | 23 |
Race/ethnicity | |||
White | 58 | 40 | 73 |
Black | 13 | 86 | 11 |
Latino | 39 | 60 | 11 |
Asian | 40 | 58 | 2 |
Other | 54 | 41 | 3 |
Gender by race/ethnicity | |||
White men | 63 | 35 | 36 |
White women | 53 | 45 | 37 |
Black men | 17 | 82 | 5 |
Black women | 10 | 88 | 6 |
Latino men | 45 | 53 | 5 |
Latina women | 33 | 66 | 6 |
Other | 47 | 49 | 5 |
Religious service attendance | |||
Weekly or more | 66 | 33 | 31 |
Occasionally | 52 | 47 | 39 |
Never | 31 | 66 | 30 |
White evangelical or born again Christian | |||
Yes | 83 | 15 | 24 |
No | 40 | 59 | 76 |
Age | |||
18–24 years old | 36 | 61 | 7 |
25–29 years old | 33 | 65 | 6 |
30–39 years old | 43 | 54 | 14 |
40–49 years old | 52 | 45 | 14 |
50–64 years old | 55 | 44 | 31 |
65 and older | 55 | 43 | 28 |
Age by race | |||
White 18–29 years old | 40 | 58 | 8 |
White 30–44 years old | 54 | 43 | 15 |
White 45–64 years old | 63 | 36 | 28 |
White 65 and older | 61 | 38 | 23 |
Black 18–29 years old | 9 | 89 | 1 |
Black 30–44 years old | 17 | 82 | 2 |
Black 45–64 years old | 13 | 86 | 5 |
Black 65 and older | 10 | 88 | 3 |
Latino 18–29 years old | 30 | 68 | 3 |
Latino 30–44 years old | 37 | 60 | 3 |
Latino 45–64 years old | 44 | 55 | 4 |
Latino 65 and older | 41 | 58 | 2 |
Others | 47 | 49 | 5 |
Sexual orientation | |||
LGBT | 14 | 84 | 7 |
Non-LGBT | 53 | 45 | 93 |
First time voter | |||
Yes | 53 | 45 | 12 |
No | 50 | 48 | 88 |
Education | |||
High school or less | 62 | 36 | 16 |
Some college education | 51 | 47 | 27 |
Associate degree | 54 | 44 | 15 |
Bachelor's degree | 46 | 52 | 25 |
Postgraduate degree | 41 | 57 | 19 |
Education by race | |||
White college graduates | 47 | 50 | 34 |
White no college degree | 66 | 32 | 39 |
Non-white college graduates | 30 | 68 | 9 |
Non-white no college degree | 29 | 68 | 18 |
Education by race/gender | |||
White women with college degrees | 42 | 56 | 17 |
White women without college degrees | 61 | 37 | 20 |
White men with college degrees | 52 | 45 | 17 |
White men without college degrees | 72 | 26 | 19 |
Non-white | 30 | 68 | 27 |
Income | |||
Under $30,000 | 42 | 54 | 12 |
$30,000–49,999 | 46 | 51 | 18 |
$50,000–99,999 | 52 | 45 | 33 |
$100,000–199,999 | 51 | 47 | 26 |
Over $200,000 | 58 | 41 | 10 |
Union households | |||
Yes | 42 | 57 | 18 |
No | 52 | 46 | 82 |
Military service | |||
Veterans | 62 | 36 | 14 |
Non-veterans | 48 | 50 | 86 |
Region | |||
East | 43 | 55 | 20 |
Midwest | 53 | 45 | 23 |
South | 57 | 42 | 34 |
West | 44 | 53 | 22 |
Area type | |||
Urban | 41 | 58 | 31 |
Suburban | 52 | 46 | 52 |
Rural | 63 | 34 | 17 |
Biden job approval | |||
Strongly disapprove | 95 | 4 | 45 |
Somewhat disapprove | 45 | 49 | 10 |
Somewhat approve | 7 | 91 | 38 |
Strongly approve | 2 | 96 | 18 |
Effect of Biden's policies on country | |||
Helping | 3 | 95 | 33 |
Hurting | 94 | 5 | 47 |
Not making a difference | 26 | 71 | 18 |
Feelings about the way things are going in U.S. | |||
Angry | 78 | 21 | 33 |
Dissatisfied | 50 | 48 | 41 |
Satisfied | 11 | 87 | 20 |
Excellent | 22 | 78 | 5 |
Decided on U.S. House vote | |||
Before October | 52 | 47 | 68 |
In October | 42 | 55 | 19 |
In last week | 54 | 43 | 6 |
In last few days | 51 | 45 | 6 |
Issue regarded as most important | |||
Inflation | 71 | 28 | 31 |
Abortion | 23 | 76 | 27 |
Crime | 57 | 41 | 11 |
Gun policy | 37 | 60 | 11 |
Immigration | 73 | 25 | 10 |
Condition of the nation's economy | |||
Poor | 88 | 10 | 38 |
Not so good | 35 | 62 | 38 |
Good | 9 | 89 | 21 |
Excellent | N/A | N/A | 2 |
Family's financial situation today | |||
Worse than two years ago | 79 | 19 | 47 |
About the same | 25 | 73 | 33 |
Better than two years ago | 23 | 75 | 19 |
Inflation caused family hardship within past year | |||
Moderate hardship | 52 | 46 | 59 |
Severe hardship | 71 | 28 | 20 |
No hardship | 22 | 75 | 19 |
Gas prices caused recent financial hardship | |||
Yes | 64 | 35 | 65 |
No | 24 | 73 | 34 |
Party trusted more to handle inflation | |||
Republican | 89 | 9 | 51 |
Democratic | 2 | 96 | 42 |
Abortion should be | |||
Legal in all cases | 11 | 86 | 29 |
Legal in most cases | 38 | 60 | 30 |
Illegal in most cases | 90 | 9 | 26 |
Illegal in all cases | 88 | 11 | 10 |
Feelings about Roe v. Wade being overturned | |||
Angry | 14 | 85 | 39 |
Dissatisfied | 51 | 46 | 21 |
Satisfied | 81 | 17 | 21 |
Enthusiastic | 95 | 4 | 16 |
Party trusted more to handle abortion | |||
Republican | 95 | 3 | 42 |
Democratic | 4 | 85 | 53 |
Party trusted more to handle crime | |||
Republican | 91 | 8 | 52 |
Democratic | 3 | 96 | 43 |
View of stricter gun control measures | |||
Support | 22 | 76 | 56 |
Oppose | 88 | 10 | 40 |
Does anyone in household own a gun | |||
Yes | 66 | 32 | 53 |
No | 31 | 68 | 47 |
Immigrants to the U.S. today do more to | |||
Help the country | 23 | 75 | 53 |
Hurt the country | 83 | 16 | 39 |
Party trusted more to handle immigration | |||
Republican | 91 | 7 | 51 |
Democratic | 4 | 94 | 45 |
Democracy threatened in the United States | |||
Democracy in U.S. very threatened | 50 | 48 | 36 |
Democracy in U.S. somewhat threatened | 46 | 52 | 32 |
Democracy in U.S. somewhat secure | 53 | 46 | 21 |
Democracy in U.S. very secure | 50 | 45 | 9 |
Party viewed as too extreme | |||
Republican Party is too extreme | 2 | 96 | 39 |
Democratic Party is too extreme | 96 | 3 | 38 |
Both parties are too extreme | 57 | 38 | 13 |
Neither party is too extreme | 52 | 45 | 7 |
Confidence in fairness/accuracy of state's elections | |||
Very confident | 28 | 70 | 47 |
Somewhat confident | 62 | 36 | 33 |
Not very confident | 78 | 20 | 13 |
Not at all confident | 85 | 12 | 6 |
Biden won legitimately in 2020 | |||
Yes | 24 | 74 | 61 |
No | 93 | 6 | 35 |
Climate change concern | |||
Very serious problem | 14 | 83 | 46 |
Not serious problem | 93 | 6 | 27 |
Somewhat serious problem | 69 | 27 | 25 |
Racism in the United States | |||
Major problem | 25 | 73 | 53 |
Minor problem | 74 | 23 | 30 |
Not a problem | 87 | 11 | 15 |
Societal attitudes about gender identity/sexual orientation | |||
Changing for worse | 78 | 20 | 50 |
Changing for better | 12 | 87 | 26 |
Not getting better or worse | 34 | 61 | 21 |
Opinion of Biden's student debt relief plan | |||
Approve | 16 | 82 | 50 |
Oppose | 85 | 13 | 47 |
Party trusted more to handle foreign policy | |||
Republican | 92 | 6 | 51 |
Democratic | 4 | 95 | 45 |
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] [152] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Alabama 1 | R+16 | Jerry Carl | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Alabama 2 | R+17 | Barry Moore | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Alabama 3 | R+19 | Mike Rogers | Republican | 2002 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Alabama 4 | R+33 | Robert Aderholt | Republican | 1996 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Alabama 5 | R+17 | Mo Brooks | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senate. Republican hold. |
|
Alabama 6 | R+18 | Gary Palmer | Republican | 2014 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Alabama 7 | D+14 | Terri Sewell | Democratic | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [154] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Alaska at-large | R+8 | Mary Peltola | Democratic | 2022 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Arizona 1 | R+2 | David Schweikert Redistricted from the 6th district | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Arizona 2 | R+6 | Tom O'Halleran Redistricted from the 1st district | Democratic | 2016 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
Arizona 3 | D+24 | Ruben Gallego Redistricted from the 7th district | Democratic | 2014 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Arizona 4 | D+2 | Greg Stanton Redistricted from the 9th district | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Arizona 5 | R+11 | Andy Biggs | Republican | 2016 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Arizona 6 | R+3 | Ann Kirkpatrick Redistricted from the 2nd district | Democratic | 2008 2010 (lost) 2012 2016 (retired) 2018 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
|
Arizona 7 | D+15 | Raúl Grijalva Redistricted from the 3rd district | Democratic | 2002 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Arizona 8 | R+10 | Debbie Lesko | Republican | 2018 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌ Debbie Lesko (Republican) 100% |
Arizona 9 | R+16 | Paul Gosar Redistricted from the 4th district | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌ Paul Gosar (Republican) 100% |
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] [155] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Arkansas 1 | R+22 | Rick Crawford | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Arkansas 2 | R+9 | French Hill | Republican | 2014 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Arkansas 3 | R+15 | Steve Womack | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Arkansas 4 | R+20 | Bruce Westerman | Republican | 2014 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California lost its 53rd district following the 2020 census.
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] [156] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
California 1 | R+12 | Doug LaMalfa | Republican | 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 2 | D+23 | Jared Huffman | Democratic | 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 3 | R+4 | None (new district) | New seat. Republican gain. |
| ||
California 4 | D+17 | Mike Thompson Redistricted from the 5th district | Democratic | 1998 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 5 | R+9 | Tom McClintock Redistricted from the 4th district | Republican | 2008 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 6 | D+7 | Ami Bera Redistricted from the 7th district | Democratic | 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 7 | D+17 | Doris Matsui Redistricted from the 6th district | Democratic | 2005 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 8 | D+26 | John Garamendi Redistricted from the 3rd district | Democratic | 2009 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 9 | D+5 | Jerry McNerney | Democratic | 2006 | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. |
|
Josh Harder Redistricted from the 10th district | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. | |||
California 10 | D+18 | Mark DeSaulnier Redistricted from the 11th district | Democratic | 2014 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 11 | D+37 | Nancy Pelosi Redistricted from the 12th district | Democratic | 1987 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 12 | D+40 | Barbara Lee Redistricted from the 13th district | Democratic | 1998 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 13 | D+4 | None (new district) | New seat. Republican gain. |
| ||
California 14 | D+22 | Eric Swalwell Redistricted from the 15th district | Democratic | 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 15 | D+28 | Jackie Speier Redistricted from the 14th district | Democratic | 2008 (special) | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
California 16 | D+26 | Anna Eshoo Redistricted from the 18th district | Democratic | 1992 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 17 | D+23 | Ro Khanna | Democratic | 2016 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 18 | D+21 | Zoe Lofgren Redistricted from the 19th district | Democratic | 1994 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 19 | D+18 | Jimmy Panetta Redistricted from the 20th district | Democratic | 2016 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 20 | R+16 | Connie Conway Redistricted from the 22nd district | Republican | 2022 (special) | Incumbent retired. Republican loss. |
|
Kevin McCarthy Redistricted from the 23rd district | Republican | 2006 | Incumbent re-elected. | |||
California 21 | D+9 | Jim Costa Redistricted from the 16th district | Democratic | 2004 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 22 | D+5 | David Valadao Redistricted from the 21st district | Republican | 2012 2018 (lost) 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 23 | R+8 | Jay Obernolte Redistricted from the 8th district | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 24 | D+13 | Salud Carbajal | Democratic | 2016 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 25 | D+6 | Raul Ruiz Redistricted from the 36th district | Democratic | 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 26 | D+8 | Julia Brownley | Democratic | 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 27 | D+4 | Mike Garcia Redistricted from the 25th district | Republican | 2020 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 28 | D+16 | Judy Chu Redistricted from the 27th district | Democratic | 2009 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 29 | D+26 | Tony Cárdenas | Democratic | 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 30 | D+23 | Adam Schiff Redistricted from the 28th district | Democratic | 2000 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 31 | D+15 | Grace Napolitano Redistricted from the 32nd district | Democratic | 1998 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 32 | D+20 | Brad Sherman Redistricted from the 30th district | Democratic | 1996 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 33 | D+12 | Pete Aguilar Redistricted from the 31st district | Democratic | 2014 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 34 | D+32 | Jimmy Gomez | Democratic | 2017 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 35 | D+13 | Norma Torres | Democratic | 2014 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 36 | D+21 | Ted Lieu Redistricted from the 33rd district | Democratic | 2014 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 37 | D+37 | Karen Bass | Democratic | 2010 | Incumbent retired to run for mayor of Los Angeles. Democratic hold. |
|
California 38 | D+14 | Linda Sánchez | Democratic | 2002 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 39 | D+12 | Mark Takano Redistricted from the 41st district | Democratic | 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 40 | R+2 | Young Kim Redistricted from the 39th district | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 41 | R+3 | Ken Calvert Redistricted from the 42nd district | Republican | 1992 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 42 | D+22 | Lucille Roybal-Allard Redistricted from the 40th district | Democratic | 1992 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Alan Lowenthal Redistricted from the 47th district | Democratic | 2012 | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. | |||
California 43 | D+32 | Maxine Waters | Democratic | 1990 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 44 | D+24 | Nanette Barragán | Democratic | 2016 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 45 | D+2 | Michelle Steel Redistricted from the 48th district | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 46 | D+15 | Lou Correa | Democratic | 2016 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 47 | D+3 | Katie Porter Redistricted from the 45th district | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 48 | R+9 | Darrell Issa Redistricted from the 50th district | Republican | 2000 2018 (retired) 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 49 | D+3 | Mike Levin | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 50 | D+14 | Scott Peters Redistricted from the 52nd district | Democratic | 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 51 | D+12 | Sara Jacobs Redistricted from the 53rd district | Democratic | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 52 | D+18 | Juan Vargas Redistricted from the 51st district | Democratic | 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Colorado gained its 8th district following the 2020 census.
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Colorado 1 | D+29 | Diana DeGette | Democratic | 1996 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Colorado 2 | D+17 | Joe Neguse | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
Colorado 3 | R+7 | Lauren Boebert | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Colorado 4 | R+13 | Ken Buck | Republican | 2014 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Colorado 5 | R+9 | Doug Lamborn | Republican | 2006 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Colorado 6 | D+9 | Jason Crow | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Colorado 7 | D+4 | Ed Perlmutter | Democratic | 2006 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
Others
|
Colorado 8 | EVEN | None (new district) | New seat. Democratic gain. |
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] [157] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Connecticut 1 | D+12 | John B. Larson | Democratic | 1998 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Connecticut 2 | D+3 | Joe Courtney | Democratic | 2006 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
Connecticut 3 | D+7 | Rosa DeLauro | Democratic | 1990 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
Connecticut 4 | D+13 | Jim Himes | Democratic | 2008 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Connecticut 5 | D+3 | Jahana Hayes | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [158] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Delaware at-large | D+7 | Lisa Blunt Rochester | Democratic | 2016 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
Florida gained its 28th district following the 2020 census.
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] [159] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Florida 1 | R+19 | Matt Gaetz | Republican | 2016 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Florida 2 | R+8 | Neal Dunn | Republican | 2016 | Incumbent re-elected. | |
Al Lawson Redistricted from the 5th district | Democratic | 2016 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic loss. | |||
Florida 3 | R+9 | Kat Cammack | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Florida 4 | R+6 | None (new district) | New seat. Republican gain. |
| ||
Florida 5 | R+11 | John Rutherford Redistricted from the 4th district | Republican | 2016 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌ John Rutherford (Republican) 100% |
Florida 6 | R+14 | Michael Waltz | Republican | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Florida 7 | R+5 | Stephanie Murphy | Democratic | 2016 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
Florida 8 | R+11 | Bill Posey | Republican | 2008 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Florida 9 | D+8 | Darren Soto | Democratic | 2016 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Florida 10 | D+14 | Val Demings | Democratic | 2016 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senate. Democratic hold. |
Others
|
Florida 11 | R+8 | Daniel Webster | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Florida 12 | R+17 | Gus Bilirakis | Republican | 2006 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Florida 13 | R+6 | Vacant | Rep. Charlie Crist (D) resigned August 31, 2022, to run for governor of Florida. Republican gain. |
| ||
Florida 14 | D+8 | Kathy Castor | Democratic | 2006 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Florida 15 | R+4 | None (new district) | New seat. Republican gain. |
| ||
Florida 16 | R+7 | Vern Buchanan | Republican | 2006 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Florida 17 | R+10 | Greg Steube | Republican | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Florida 18 | R+13 | Scott Franklin Redistricted from the 15th district | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Florida 19 | R+13 | Byron Donalds | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Florida 20 | D+25 | Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick | Democratic | 2022 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Florida 21 | R+7 | Brian Mast Redistricted from the 18th district | Republican | 2016 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Florida 22 | D+7 | Lois Frankel Redistricted from the 21st district | Democratic | 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Florida 23 | D+5 | Vacant | Rep. Ted Deutch (D; redistricted from FL-22) resigned September 30, 2022, to become CEO of the AJC. Democratic hold. |
Others
| ||
Florida 24 | D+25 | Frederica Wilson | Democratic | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Florida 25 | D+9 | Debbie Wasserman Schultz Redistricted from the 23rd district | Democratic | 2004 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Florida 26 | R+8 | Mario Díaz-Balart Redistricted from the 25th district | Republican | 2002 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Florida 27 | EVEN | María Elvira Salazar | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Florida 28 | R+2 | Carlos A. Giménez Redistricted from the 26th district | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] [160] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Georgia 1 | R+9 | Buddy Carter | Republican | 2014 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Georgia 2 | D+3 | Sanford Bishop | Democratic | 1992 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Georgia 3 | R+18 | Drew Ferguson | Republican | 2016 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Georgia 4 | D+27 | Hank Johnson | Democratic | 2006 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Georgia 5 | D+32 | Nikema Williams | Democratic | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Georgia 6 | R+11 | None (new district) | New seat. Republican gain. |
| ||
Georgia 7 | D+10 | Carolyn Bourdeaux | Democratic | 2020 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic loss. |
|
Lucy McBath Redistricted from the 6th district | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. | |||
Georgia 8 | R+16 | Austin Scott | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Georgia 9 | R+22 | Andrew Clyde | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Georgia 10 | R+15 | Jody Hice | Republican | 2014 | Incumbent retired to run for Georgia Secretary of State. Republican hold. |
|
Georgia 11 | R+11 | Barry Loudermilk | Republican | 2014 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Georgia 12 | R+8 | Rick Allen | Republican | 2014 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Georgia 13 | D+28 | David Scott | Democratic | 2002 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Georgia 14 | R+22 | Marjorie Taylor Greene | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Hawaii 1 | D+14 | Ed Case | Democratic | 2002 (special) 2006 (retired) 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Hawaii 2 | D+14 | Kai Kahele | Democratic | 2020 | Incumbent retired to run for governor of Hawaii. Democratic hold. |
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] [161] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Idaho 1 | R+22 | Russ Fulcher | Republican | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Idaho 2 | R+14 | Mike Simpson | Republican | 1998 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Illinois lost its 18th district following the 2020 census.
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Illinois 1 | D+20 | Bobby Rush | Democratic | 1992 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Illinois 2 | D+19 | Robin Kelly | Democratic | 2013 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Illinois 3 | D+20 | None (new district) | New seat. Democratic gain. |
| ||
Illinois 4 | D+22 | Chuy García | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Illinois 5 | D+18 | Mike Quigley | Democratic | 2009 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Illinois 6 | D+3 | Sean Casten | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Marie Newman Redistricted from the 3rd district | Democratic | 2020 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic loss. | |||
Illinois 7 | D+36 | Danny Davis | Democratic | 1996 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Illinois 8 | D+6 | Raja Krishnamoorthi | Democratic | 2016 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Illinois 9 | D+19 | Jan Schakowsky | Democratic | 1998 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Illinois 10 | D+11 | Brad Schneider | Democratic | 2012 2014 (lost) 2016 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Illinois 11 | D+5 | Bill Foster | Democratic | 2008 (special) 2010 (lost) 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Illinois 12 | R+24 | Mike Bost | Republican | 2014 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Illinois 13 | D+3 | None (new district) | New seat. Democratic gain. |
| ||
Illinois 14 | D+4 | Lauren Underwood | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Illinois 15 | R+22 | Mary Miller | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Rodney Davis Redistricted from the 13th district | Republican | 2012 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican loss. | |||
Illinois 16 | R+13 | Adam Kinzinger | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent retired. Republican loss. |
|
Darin LaHood Redistricted from the 18th district | Republican | 2015 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | |||
Illinois 17 | D+2 | Cheri Bustos | Democratic | 2012 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Indiana 1 | D+3 | Frank J. Mrvan | Democratic | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Indiana 2 | R+14 | Vacant | Rep. Jackie Walorski (R) died August 3, 2022. [162] Republican hold. Winner also elected to unexpired term; see above. |
| ||
Indiana 3 | R+18 | Jim Banks | Republican | 2016 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Indiana 4 | R+18 | Jim Baird | Republican | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Indiana 5 | R+11 | Victoria Spartz | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Indiana 6 | R+19 | Greg Pence | Republican | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Indiana 7 | D+19 | André Carson | Democratic | 2008 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Indiana 8 | R+19 | Larry Bucshon | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Indiana 9 | R+16 | Trey Hollingsworth | Republican | 2016 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] [163] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Iowa 1 | R+3 | Mariannette Miller-Meeks Redistricted from the 2nd district | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Iowa 2 | R+4 | Ashley Hinson Redistricted from the 1st district | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Iowa 3 | R+3 | Cindy Axne | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
Iowa 4 | R+16 | Randy Feenstra | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Kansas 1 | R+18 | Tracey Mann | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Kansas 2 | R+11 | Jake LaTurner | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Kansas 3 | R+1 | Sharice Davids | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Kansas 4 | R+14 | Ron Estes | Republican | 2017 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] [164] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Kentucky 1 | R+24 | James Comer | Republican | 2016 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Kentucky 2 | R+21 | Brett Guthrie | Republican | 2008 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Kentucky 3 | D+9 | John Yarmuth | Democratic | 2006 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Kentucky 4 | R+19 | Thomas Massie | Republican | 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Kentucky 5 | R+32 | Hal Rogers | Republican | 1980 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Kentucky 6 | R+9 | Andy Barr | Republican | 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] [165] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Louisiana 1 | R+23 | Steve Scalise | Republican | 2008 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Louisiana 2 | D+25 | Troy Carter | Democratic | 2021 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Louisiana 3 | R+21 | Clay Higgins | Republican | 2016 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
Louisiana 4 | R+14 | Mike Johnson | Republican | 2016 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌ Mike Johnson (Republican) 100% |
Louisiana 5 | R+17 | Julia Letlow | Republican | 2021 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Louisiana 6 | R+19 | Garret Graves | Republican | 2014 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Maine 1 | D+9 | Chellie Pingree | Democratic | 2008 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Maine 2 | R+6 | Jared Golden | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Maryland 1 | R+11 | Andy Harris | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Maryland 2 | D+7 | Dutch Ruppersberger | Democratic | 2002 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Maryland 3 | D+10 | John Sarbanes | Democratic | 2006 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Maryland 4 | D+40 | Anthony Brown | Democratic | 2016 | Incumbent retired to run for Maryland Attorney General. Democratic hold. |
|
Maryland 5 | D+15 | Steny Hoyer | Democratic | 1981 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Maryland 6 | D+2 | David Trone | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Maryland 7 | D+30 | Kweisi Mfume | Democratic | 1986 1996 (resigned) 2020 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Maryland 8 | D+29 | Jamie Raskin | Democratic | 2016 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Massachusetts 1 | D+9 | Richard Neal | Democratic | 1988 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 2 | D+13 | Jim McGovern | Democratic | 1996 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 3 | D+11 | Lori Trahan | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 4 | D+12 | Jake Auchincloss | Democratic | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 5 | D+23 | Katherine Clark | Democratic | 2013 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 6 | D+11 | Seth Moulton | Democratic | 2014 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 7 | D+35 | Ayanna Pressley | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 8 | D+15 | Stephen Lynch | Democratic | 2001 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 9 | D+6 | Bill Keating | Democratic | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Michigan lost its 14th district following the 2020 census.
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] [166] [167] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Michigan 1 | R+13 | Jack Bergman | Republican | 2016 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
Michigan 2 | R+16 | John Moolenaar Redistricted from the 4th district | Republican | 2014 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Michigan 3 | D+1 | Peter Meijer | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic gain. |
Others
|
Michigan 4 | R+5 | Bill Huizenga Redistricted from the 2nd district | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Fred Upton Redistricted from the 6th district | Republican | 1986 | Incumbent retired. Republican loss. | |||
Michigan 5 | R+15 | Tim Walberg Redistricted from the 7th district | Republican | 2006 2008 (lost) 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
Michigan 6 | D+11 | Debbie Dingell Redistricted from the 12th district | Democratic | 2014 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Michigan 7 | R+2 | Elissa Slotkin Redistricted from the 8th district | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Michigan 8 | R+1 | Dan Kildee Redistricted from the 5th district | Democratic | 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Michigan 9 | R+18 | Lisa McClain Redistricted from the 10th district | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
Michigan 10 | R+3 | None (new district) | New seat. Republican gain. |
Others
| ||
Michigan 11 | D+7 | Haley Stevens | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Andy Levin Redistricted from the 9th district | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic loss. | |||
Michigan 12 | D+23 | Rashida Tlaib Redistricted from the 13th district | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Brenda Lawrence Redistricted from the 14th district | Democratic | 2014 | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. | |||
Michigan 13 | D+23 | None (new district) | New seat. Democratic gain. |
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] [168] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Minnesota 1 | R+7 | Brad Finstad | Republican | 2022 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Minnesota 2 | D+1 | Angie Craig | DFL | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Minnesota 3 | D+8 | Dean Phillips | DFL | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Minnesota 4 | D+17 | Betty McCollum | DFL | 2000 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Minnesota 5 | D+30 | Ilhan Omar | DFL | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Minnesota 6 | R+12 | Tom Emmer | Republican | 2014 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Minnesota 7 | R+19 | Michelle Fischbach | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Minnesota 8 | R+8 | Pete Stauber | Republican | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] [169] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Mississippi 1 | R+18 | Trent Kelly | Republican | 2015 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Mississippi 2 | D+11 | Bennie Thompson | Democratic | 1993 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Mississippi 3 | R+15 | Michael Guest | Republican | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Mississippi 4 | R+22 | Steven Palazzo | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold. |
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Missouri 1 | D+27 | Cori Bush | Democratic | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Missouri 2 | R+7 | Ann Wagner | Republican | 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Missouri 3 | R+16 | Blaine Luetkemeyer | Republican | 2008 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Missouri 4 | R+23 | Vicky Hartzler | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senate. Republican hold. |
|
Missouri 5 | D+11 | Emanuel Cleaver | Democratic | 2004 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Missouri 6 | R+21 | Sam Graves | Republican | 2000 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Missouri 7 | R+24 | Billy Long | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senate. Republican hold. |
|
Missouri 8 | R+28 | Jason Smith | Republican | 2013 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Montana regained its 2nd district following the 2020 census.
District | Incumbent | Candidates [170] [171] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Montana 1 | R+6 | None (new district) | New seat. Republican gain. |
| ||
Montana 2 | R+16 | Matt Rosendale Redistricted from the at-large district | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] [172] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Nebraska 1 | R+9 | Mike Flood | Republican | 2022 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Nebraska 2 | EVEN | Don Bacon | Republican | 2016 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Nebraska 3 | R+29 | Adrian Smith | Republican | 2006 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] [173] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Nevada 1 | D+3 | Dina Titus | Democratic | 2008 2010 (lost) 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Nevada 2 | R+8 | Mark Amodei | Republican | 2011 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
Nevada 3 | D+1 | Susie Lee | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Nevada 4 | D+3 | Steven Horsford | Democratic | 2012 2014 (lost) 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
New Hampshire 1 | EVEN | Chris Pappas | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New Hampshire 2 | D+2 | Annie Kuster | Democratic | 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
New Jersey 1 | D+10 | Donald Norcross | Democratic | 2014 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
New Jersey 2 | R+5 | Jeff Van Drew | Republican | 2018 [g] | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
New Jersey 3 | D+5 | Andy Kim | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
New Jersey 4 | R+14 | Chris Smith | Republican | 1980 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
New Jersey 5 | D+4 | Josh Gottheimer | Democratic | 2016 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
New Jersey 6 | D+8 | Frank Pallone | Democratic | 1988 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
New Jersey 7 | R+1 | Tom Malinowski | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
New Jersey 8 | D+22 | Albio Sires | Democratic | 2006 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
Others
|
New Jersey 9 | D+8 | Bill Pascrell | Democratic | 1996 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
New Jersey 10 | D+30 | Donald Payne Jr. | Democratic | 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
New Jersey 11 | D+6 | Mikie Sherrill | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New Jersey 12 | D+12 | Bonnie Watson Coleman | Democratic | 2014 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] [174] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
New Mexico 1 | D+5 | Melanie Stansbury | Democratic | 2021 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New Mexico 2 | D+1 | Yvette Herrell | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
New Mexico 3 | D+4 | Teresa Leger Fernandez | Democratic | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York lost its 27th district following the 2020 census.
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
New York 1 | R+3 | Lee Zeldin | Republican | 2014 | Incumbent retired to run for governor of New York. Republican hold. |
|
New York 2 | R+3 | Andrew Garbarino | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 3 | D+2 | Tom Suozzi | Democratic | 2016 | Incumbent retired to run for governor of New York. Republican gain. |
|
New York 4 | D+5 | Kathleen Rice | Democratic | 2014 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
|
New York 5 | D+30 | Gregory Meeks | Democratic | 1998 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 6 | D+15 | Grace Meng | Democratic | 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 7 | D+31 | Nydia Velázquez | Democratic | 1992 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 8 | D+26 | Hakeem Jeffries | Democratic | 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 9 | D+25 | Yvette Clarke | Democratic | 2006 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 10 | D+35 | Mondaire Jones Moved from the 17th district [h] | Democratic | 2020 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold. |
|
New York 11 | R+6 | Nicole Malliotakis | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 12 | D+34 | Carolyn Maloney | Democratic | 1992 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic loss. |
|
Jerry Nadler Redistricted from the 10th district | Democratic | 1992 | Incumbent re-elected. | |||
New York 13 | D+38 | Adriano Espaillat | Democratic | 2016 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 14 | D+28 | Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 15 | D+35 | Ritchie Torres | Democratic | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 16 | D+20 | Jamaal Bowman | Democratic | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 17 | D+3 | Sean Patrick Maloney Redistricted from the 18th district | Democratic | 2012 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
New York 18 | D+1 | Pat Ryan Redistricted from the 19th district | Democratic | 2022 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 19 | EVEN | None (new district) | New seat. Republican gain. |
| ||
New York 20 | D+7 | Paul Tonko | Democratic | 2008 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 21 | R+9 | Elise Stefanik | Republican | 2014 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 22 | D+1 | John Katko Redistricted from the 24th district | Republican | 2014 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New York 23 | R+12 | Joe Sempolinski | Republican | 2022 (special) | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Chris Jacobs Redistricted from the 27th district | Republican | 2020 (special) | Incumbent retired. Republican loss. | |||
New York 24 | R+11 | Claudia Tenney Redistricted from the 22nd district | Republican | 2016 2018 (lost) 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 25 | D+7 | Joseph Morelle | Democratic | 2018 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 26 | D+9 | Brian Higgins | Democratic | 2004 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
North Carolina gained its 14th district following the 2020 census.
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] [175] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
North Carolina 1 | D+2 | G. K. Butterfield | Democratic | 2004 (special) | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
North Carolina 2 | D+12 | Deborah Ross | Democratic | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
North Carolina 3 | R+15 | Greg Murphy | Republican | 2019 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
North Carolina 4 | D+16 | David Price | Democratic | 1986 1994 (lost) 1996 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
North Carolina 5 | R+13 | Virginia Foxx | Republican | 2004 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
North Carolina 6 | D+4 | Kathy Manning | Democratic | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
North Carolina 7 | R+8 | David Rouzer | Republican | 2014 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
North Carolina 8 | R+20 | Dan Bishop Redistricted from the 9th district | Republican | 2019 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
North Carolina 9 | R+6 | Richard Hudson Redistricted from the 8th district | Republican | 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ted Budd Redistricted from the 13th district | Republican | 2016 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senate. Republican loss.' | |||
North Carolina 10 | R+22 | Patrick McHenry | Republican | 2004 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
North Carolina 11 | R+8 | Madison Cawthorn | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold. |
|
North Carolina 12 | D+13 | Alma Adams | Democratic | 2014 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
North Carolina 13 | R+2 | None (new district) | New seat. Democratic gain. |
| ||
North Carolina 14 | D+6 | None (new district) | New seat. Democratic gain. |
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [176] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
North Dakota at-large | R+20 | Kelly Armstrong | Republican | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio lost its 16th district following the 2020 census.
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Ohio 1 | D+2 | Steve Chabot | Republican | 1994 2008 (lost) 2010 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
Ohio 2 | R+25 | Brad Wenstrup | Republican | 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 3 | D+20 | Joyce Beatty | Democratic | 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 4 | R+20 | Jim Jordan | Republican | 2006 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 5 | R+15 | Bob Latta | Republican | 2007 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 6 | R+16 | Bill Johnson | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 7 | R+7 | Bob Gibbs | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Anthony Gonzalez Redistricted from the 16th district | Republican | 2018 | Incumbent retired. Republican loss. | |||
Ohio 8 | R+14 | Warren Davidson | Republican | 2016 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 9 | R+3 | Marcy Kaptur | Democratic | 1982 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 10 | R+4 | Mike Turner | Republican | 2002 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 11 | D+28 | Shontel Brown | Democratic | 2021 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 12 | R+18 | Troy Balderson | Republican | 2018 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 13 | R+1 | Tim Ryan | Democratic | 2002 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senate. Democratic hold. |
|
Ohio 14 | R+9 | David Joyce | Republican | 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 15 | R+6 | Mike Carey | Republican | 2021 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] [177] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Oklahoma 1 | R+14 | Kevin Hern | Republican | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Oklahoma 2 | R+29 | Markwayne Mullin | Republican | 2012 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senate. Republican hold. |
|
Oklahoma 3 | R+24 | Frank Lucas | Republican | 1994 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Oklahoma 4 | R+19 | Tom Cole | Republican | 2002 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Oklahoma 5 | R+12 | Stephanie Bice | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Oregon gained its 6th district following the 2020 census.
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] [178] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Oregon 1 | D+18 | Suzanne Bonamici | Democratic | 2012 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Oregon 2 | R+15 | Cliff Bentz | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Oregon 3 | D+22 | Earl Blumenauer | Democratic | 1996 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Oregon 4 | D+4 | Peter DeFazio | Democratic | 1986 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
Others
|
Oregon 5 | D+2 | Kurt Schrader | Democratic | 2008 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican gain. |
|
Oregon 6 | D+4 | None (new district) | New seat. Democratic gain. |
|
Pennsylvania lost its 18th district following the 2020 census.
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Pennsylvania 1 | EVEN | Brian Fitzpatrick | Republican | 2016 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 2 | D+20 | Brendan Boyle | Democratic | 2014 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 3 | D+39 | Dwight Evans | Democratic | 2016 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 4 | D+7 | Madeleine Dean | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 5 | D+14 | Mary Gay Scanlon | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 6 | D+5 | Chrissy Houlahan | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 7 | R+2 | Susan Wild | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 8 | R+4 | Matt Cartwright | Democratic | 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 9 | R+21 | Dan Meuser | Republican | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Fred Keller Redistricted from the 12th district | Republican | 2019 (special) | Incumbent retired. Republican loss. | |||
Pennsylvania 10 | R+5 | Scott Perry | Republican | 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 11 | R+13 | Lloyd Smucker | Republican | 2016 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 12 | D+8 | Mike Doyle Redistricted from the 18th district | Democratic | 1994 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Pennsylvania 13 | R+25 | John Joyce | Republican | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌ John Joyce (Republican) 100% |
Pennsylvania 14 | R+18 | Guy Reschenthaler | Republican | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌ Guy Reschenthaler (Republican) 100% |
Pennsylvania 15 | R+21 | Glenn Thompson | Republican | 2008 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 16 | R+13 | Mike Kelly | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 17 | EVEN | Conor Lamb | Democratic | 2018 (special) | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senate. Democratic hold. |
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] [179] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Rhode Island 1 | D+12 | David Cicilline | Democratic | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Rhode Island 2 | D+4 | James Langevin | Democratic | 2000 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] [180] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
South Carolina 1 | R+7 | Nancy Mace | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 2 | R+8 | Joe Wilson | Republican | 2001 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 3 | R+21 | Jeff Duncan | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌ Jeff Duncan (Republican) 100% |
South Carolina 4 | R+12 | William Timmons | Republican | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌ William Timmons (Republican) 100% |
South Carolina 5 | R+12 | Ralph Norman | Republican | 2017 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 6 | D+14 | Jim Clyburn | Democratic | 1992 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 7 | R+11 | Tom Rice | Republican | 2012 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold. |
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [181] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
South Dakota at-large | R+16 | Dusty Johnson | Republican | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Tennessee 1 | R+30 | Diana Harshbarger | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
Tennessee 2 | R+18 | Tim Burchett | Republican | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 3 | R+19 | Chuck Fleischmann | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
Tennessee 4 | R+22 | Scott DesJarlais | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
Tennessee 5 | R+9 | Jim Cooper | Democratic | 1982 1994 (retired) 2002 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
Others
|
Tennessee 6 | R+17 | John Rose | Republican | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 7 | R+10 | Mark Green | Republican | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 8 | R+21 | David Kustoff | Republican | 2016 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 9 | D+22 | Steve Cohen | Democratic | 2006 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
Texas gained its 37th and 38th districts following the 2020 census.
District | Incumbent | Candidates [182] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Texas 1 | R+26 | Louie Gohmert | Republican | 2004 | Incumbent retired to run for Texas Attorney General. Republican hold. |
|
Texas 2 | R+15 | Dan Crenshaw | Republican | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas 3 | R+11 | Van Taylor | Republican | 2018 | Incumbent withdrew from renomination. Republican hold. |
|
Texas 4 | R+16 | Pat Fallon | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas 5 | R+14 | Lance Gooden | Republican | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas 6 | R+15 | Jake Ellzey | Republican | 2021 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌ Jake Ellzey (Republican) 100% |
Texas 7 | D+13 | Lizzie Fletcher | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas 8 | R+16 | Kevin Brady | Republican | 1996 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Texas 9 | D+26 | Al Green | Democratic | 2004 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas 10 | R+13 | Michael McCaul | Republican | 2004 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas 11 | R+23 | August Pfluger | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌ August Pfluger (Republican) 100% |
Texas 12 | R+12 | Kay Granger | Republican | 1996 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas 13 | R+26 | Ronny Jackson | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas 14 | R+17 | Randy Weber | Republican | 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas 15 | R+1 | None (new district) | New seat. Republican gain. |
| ||
Texas 16 | D+17 | Veronica Escobar | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas 17 | R+14 | Pete Sessions | Republican | 1996 2018 (lost) 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas 18 | D+23 | Sheila Jackson Lee | Democratic | 1994 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
Texas 19 | R+26 | Jodey Arrington | Republican | 2016 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas 20 | D+15 | Joaquin Castro | Democratic | 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas 21 | R+13 | Chip Roy | Republican | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas 22 | R+11 | Troy Nehls | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas 23 | R+5 | Tony Gonzales | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas 24 | R+10 | Beth Van Duyne | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas 25 | R+19 | Roger Williams | Republican | 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌ Roger Williams (Republican) 100% |
Texas 26 | R+13 | Michael C. Burgess | Republican | 2002 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas 27 | R+13 | Michael Cloud | Republican | 2018 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas 28 | D+3 | Henry Cuellar | Democratic | 2004 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas 29 | D+18 | Sylvia Garcia | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas 30 | D+27 | Eddie Bernice Johnson | Democratic | 1992 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Texas 31 | R+14 | John Carter | Republican | 2002 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌ John Carter (Republican) 100% |
Texas 32 | D+14 | Colin Allred | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas 33 | D+24 | Marc Veasey | Democratic | 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas 34 | D+9 | Mayra Flores | Republican | 2022 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican loss. |
|
Vicente Gonzalez Redistricted from the 15th district | Democratic | 2016 | Incumbent re-elected. | |||
Texas 35 | D+21 | None (new district) | New seat. Democratic gain. |
| ||
Texas 36 | R+18 | Brian Babin | Republican | 2014 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas 37 | D+24 | Lloyd Doggett Redistricted from the 35th district | Democratic | 1994 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas 38 | R+12 | None (new district) | New seat. Republican gain. |
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Utah 1 | R+12 | Blake Moore | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Utah 2 | R+11 | Chris Stewart | Republican | 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Utah 3 | R+13 | John Curtis | Republican | 2017 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
Utah 4 | R+16 | Burgess Owens | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [183] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Vermont at-large | D+16 | Peter Welch | Democratic | 2006 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senate. Democratic hold. |
Others
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] [185] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Virginia 1 | R+6 | Rob Wittman | Republican | 2007 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 2 | R+2 | Elaine Luria | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
Virginia 3 | D+17 | Bobby Scott | Democratic | 1992 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 4 | D+16 | Donald McEachin | Democratic | 2016 | Incumbent re-elected but died on November 28, 2022. |
|
Virginia 5 | R+7 | Bob Good | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 6 | R+14 | Ben Cline | Republican | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 7 | D+1 | Abigail Spanberger | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 8 | D+26 | Don Beyer | Democratic | 2014 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 9 | R+23 | Morgan Griffith | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 10 | D+6 | Jennifer Wexton | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 11 | D+18 | Gerry Connolly | Democratic | 2008 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Washington 1 | D+13 | Suzan DelBene | Democratic | 2012 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Washington 2 | D+9 | Rick Larsen | Democratic | 2000 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Washington 3 | R+5 | Jaime Herrera Beutler | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent did not advance to the general election. Democratic gain. |
|
Washington 4 | R+11 | Dan Newhouse | Republican | 2014 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Washington 5 | R+8 | Cathy McMorris Rodgers | Republican | 2004 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Washington 6 | D+6 | Derek Kilmer | Democratic | 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Washington 7 | D+36 | Pramila Jayapal | Democratic | 2016 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Washington 8 | D+1 | Kim Schrier | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Washington 9 | D+21 | Adam Smith | Democratic | 1996 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Washington 10 | D+7 | Marilyn Strickland | Democratic | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
West Virginia lost its 3rd district following the 2020 census.
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
West Virginia 1 | R+23 | Carol Miller Redistricted from the 3rd district | Republican | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
West Virginia 2 | R+22 | Alex Mooney | Republican | 2014 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
David McKinley Redistricted from the 1st district | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican loss. |
District | Incumbent | Candidates [d] [186] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Wisconsin 1 | R+3 | Bryan Steil | Republican | 2018 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin 2 | D+19 | Mark Pocan | Democratic | 2012 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin 3 | R+4 | Ron Kind | Democratic | 1996 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
|
Wisconsin 4 | D+25 | Gwen Moore | Democratic | 2004 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin 5 | R+14 | Scott Fitzgerald | Republican | 2020 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin 6 | R+10 | Glenn Grothman | Republican | 2014 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin 7 | R+12 | Tom Tiffany | Republican | 2020 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin 8 | R+10 | Mike Gallagher | Republican | 2016 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
District | Incumbent | Candidates [187] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2022 PVI [153] | Member | Party | First elected | Status | |
Wyoming at-large | R+25 | Liz Cheney | Republican | 2016 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold. |
|
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
American Samoa at-large | Amata Coleman Radewagen | Republican | 2014 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌ Amata Coleman Radewagen (Republican) [188] |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
District of Columbia at-large | Eleanor Holmes Norton | Democratic | 1990 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Guam at-large | Michael San Nicolas | Democratic | 2018 | Incumbent retired to run for governor of Guam. Republican gain. [189] |
|
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Northern Mariana Islands at-large | Gregorio Sablan | Democratic | 2008 [j] | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌ Gregorio Sablan (Democratic) [191] |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
U.S. Virgin Islands at-large | Stacey Plaskett | Democratic | 2014 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌ Stacey Plaskett (Democratic) [192] |
New Jersey's 9th congressional district is an urban congressional district in the U.S. state of New Jersey, and was represented in Congress by Democrat Bill Pascrell until his death in 2024, first elected in 1996 from the old 8th district. The 9th district consists largely of municipalities in Bergen and Passaic Counties.
Ralph Warren Norman Jr. is an American real estate developer and politician who has served as the U.S. representative for South Carolina's 5th congressional district since 2017. His district includes most of the South Carolina side of the Charlotte metropolitan area, along with outer portions of the Upstate and Midlands. A member of the Republican Party, Norman served as the South Carolina state representative for the 48th district from 2005 to 2007 and from 2009 to 2017.
David Wayne Loebsack is an American politician who served as the U.S. representative for Iowa's 2nd congressional district from 2007 to 2021. A member of the Democratic Party, he also is an emeritus professor of political science at Cornell College, where he had taught since 1982. On April 12, 2019, Loebsack announced he would not seek reelection.
Madeleine Dean Cunnane is an American lawyer and politician serving as the U.S. representative for Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district. The district includes almost all of Montgomery County, a suburban county north of Philadelphia, as well as a northeastern portion of Berks County. Before being elected to Congress, Dean was a Democratic member of the Pennsylvania General Assembly, representing the 153rd district in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.
Stella Yvette Herrell is an American politician and realtor who served as the U.S. representative for New Mexico's 2nd congressional district from 2021 to 2023. A member of the Republican Party, she served four terms as a member of the New Mexico House of Representatives for the 51st district from 2011 to 2019.
James Daniel Bishop is an American attorney and politician serving as the U.S. representative for North Carolina's 8th congressional district since 2019, when the district was numbered “9”. As a Republican, his district includes south-central Mecklenburg, Union, Anson, Richmond, Scotland, Robeson, Hoke, and southern Moore Counties. He served in the North Carolina House of Representatives from 2015 to 2017 and the Mecklenburg County Commission from 2005 to 2009. He served in the North Carolina State Senate from 2017 to 2019.
The 2020 United States elections were held on Tuesday, November 3, 2020. The Democratic Party's nominee, former vice president Joe Biden, defeated incumbent Republican president Donald Trump in the presidential election. Despite losing seats in the House of Representatives, Democrats retained control of the House and very narrowly gained control of the Senate. As a result, the Democrats obtained a government trifecta, the first time since the elections in 2008 that the party gained unified control of Congress and the presidency. With Trump losing his bid for re-election, he became the first president to have seen his party lose the presidency and control of both the House and the Senate since Herbert Hoover in 1932. This was the first time since 1980 that either chamber of Congress flipped partisan control in a presidential year, and the first time Democrats did so since 1948.
The 2018 United States House of Representatives elections were held on November 6, 2018, as part of the 2018 midterm elections during President Donald Trump's first term, with early voting taking place in some states in the weeks preceding that date. Voters chose representatives from all 435 congressional districts across each of the 50 U.S. states to serve in the 116th United States Congress. Non-voting delegates from the District of Columbia and four of the five inhabited U.S. territories were also elected. On Election Day, Republicans had held a House majority since January 2011.
The 2022 United States elections were held on November 8, 2022, with the exception of absentee balloting. During this U.S. midterm election, which occurred during the term of incumbent president Joe Biden of the Democratic Party, all 435 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives and 35 of the 100 seats in the U.S. Senate were contested to determine the 118th United States Congress. Thirty-nine state and territorial U.S. gubernatorial elections, as well as numerous state and local elections, were also contested. This was the first election affected by the 2022 redistricting that followed the 2020 census. The Republican Party ended unified Democratic control of Congress and the presidency by winning a majority in the House of Representatives while Democrats expanded their Senate majority.
The 2020 United States House of Representatives elections were held on November 3, 2020, to elect representatives from all 435 congressional districts across each of the 50 U.S. states to the 117th United States Congress, as well as six non-voting delegates from the District of Columbia and the inhabited U.S. territories. Special House elections were also held on various dates throughout 2020.
Max Rose is an American military officer and politician who served as a United States Representative from New York for a single term from 2019 to 2021. A moderate Democrat, he served on the committees for Homeland Security and Veteran's Affairs and played a key role in bringing a stalled bill for a fund for victims of the September 11 attacks to a vote in the United States House of Representatives. Rose served in the Biden administration as senior advisor to the United States Secretary of Defense for COVID-19 from January 2021 to July 2021.
The 2021 United States elections were held in large part on Tuesday, November 2, 2021. This off-year election included the regular gubernatorial elections in New Jersey and Virginia. In addition, state legislative elections were held for the New Jersey Legislature and Virginia House of Delegates, along with numerous state legislative special elections, citizen initiatives, mayoral races, and a variety of other local elections. Six special elections to the United States House of Representatives also took place on November 2 or earlier as a result of either deaths or vacancies. The first of these was held on March 20.
Abigail Anne Davis Spanberger is an American politician and former intelligence officer who has served as the U.S. representative from Virginia's 7th congressional district since 2019. She is a member of the Democratic Party.
The 1982 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas occurred on November 2, 1982, to elect the members of the state of Texas's delegation to the United States House of Representatives. Texas had twenty-seven seats in the House, up three from the 1970s, apportioned according to the 1980 United States census.
Jerry Lee Carl Jr. is an American politician and businessman serving as the U.S. representative for Alabama's 1st congressional district since 2021. The district is based in Mobile, and includes all of the state's share of the Gulf Coast. A Republican, Carl served as a member of the Mobile County Commission from 2012 to 2020, the last two years as president of the commission.
The 2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania were held on November 8, 2022, to elect representatives for the seventeen seats in Pennsylvania.
The 2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Washington were held on November 8, 2022, to elect the 10 U.S. representatives from the state of Washington, one from each of the state's 10 congressional districts. The elections coincided with other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections. Going into this election, the Democratic Party represented seven seats, while the Republican Party represented three seats.
Kathy Ellen Manning is an American lawyer and politician from North Carolina, presently representing the state's 6th congressional district. A member of the Democratic Party, her district is in the heart of the Piedmont Triad and includes Greensboro and most of Winston-Salem. She was the nominee for North Carolina's 13th congressional district in the 2018 election, and ran for and won the neighboring 6th in the 2020 election after court-ordered redistricting.
The 2022 Tennessee House of Representatives election was held on November 8, 2022, to elect 99 seats for the Tennessee House of Representatives. The elections coincided with the Governor, U.S. House, and State Senate elections.
The 2024 United States House of Representatives elections were held on November 5, 2024, to elect the 435 representatives of the United States House of Representatives, as well as 6 non-voting delegates from the District of Columbia and inhabited U.S. territories. The elections were held together with other federal, state, and local elections, including the U.S. presidential election and elections to the Senate, as part of the 2024 United States general election. The winners of this election will serve in the 119th United States Congress, with seats apportioned among states based on the 2020 United States census.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)