1900 United States House of Representatives elections

Last updated

1900 United States House of Representatives elections
Flag of the United States (1896-1908).svg
  1898 June 4, September 4, September 10, and November 6, 1900 [lower-alpha 1] 1902  

All 357 seats in the United States House of Representatives
179 seats needed for a majority
 Majority partyMinority party
  Colonel David B. Henderson - History of Iowa.jpg James D Richardson.jpg
Leader David Henderson James Richardson
Party Republican Democratic
Leader sinceMarch 4, 1899March 4, 1899
Leader's seat Iowa 3rd Tennessee 5th
Last election187 seats161 seats
Seats won200 [1] [2] 151 [1] [2]
Seat changeIncrease2.svg 13Decrease2.svg 10
Popular vote6,929,3056,081,813
Percentage50.65%44.45%
SwingIncrease2.svg 2.10%Increase2.svg 0.27%

 Third partyFourth party
 
Party Populist Silver Republican
Last election5 seats2
Seats won5 [1] [2] 1 [2]
Seat changeSteady2.svgDecrease2.svg 1
Popular vote321,90854,591
Percentage2.35%0.40%
SwingDecrease2.svg 1.89%Decrease2.svg 0.16%

 Fifth party
 
Party Independent
Last election1
Seats won0
Seat changeDecrease2.svg 1
Popular vote44,982
Percentage0.33%
SwingDecrease2.svg 0.55%

1900houseelections.svg
Results
     Democratic gain     Republican gain     Populist gain
     Democratic hold     Republican hold     Populist hold     Silver Republican hold

Speaker before election

David Henderson
Republican

Elected Speaker

David Henderson
Republican

The 1900 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 6, 1900, with Oregon, Maine, and Vermont holding theirs early in either June or September. They coincided with the re-election of President William McKinley. Elections were held for 357 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 45 states, to serve in the 57th United States Congress. Special elections were also held throughout the year.

Contents

McKinley's Republican Party gained thirteen seats from the Democratic Party and minor parties, cementing their majority. A reassertion of Republican control in the Mid-Atlantic was key in the gain of new seats. However, with an improved economy, especially in the industrial sector, the election cycle featured no keystone issue, resulting in a general support for the status quo. The fading Populist Party held on to five House seats, while the sole member of the Silver Party changed parties to Democratic. This was the last time a third party headed into house elections with a party leader. All subsequent third parties to serve in the House would not select a party leader.

Election summaries

1516200
Democrat [lower-alpha 2] Republican
StateTypeTotal
seats
Democratic Populist Republican Silver/
Silver Republican
SeatsChangeSeatsChangeSeatsChangeSeatsChange
Alabama District99Increase2.svg 10Steady2.svg0Decrease2.svg 10Steady2.svg
Arkansas District66Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
California District70Decrease2.svg 10Steady2.svg7Increase2.svg 10Steady2.svg
Colorado District20Steady2.svg1Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg1 [lower-alpha 3] Steady2.svg
Connecticut District40Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg4Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Delaware At-large10Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg1Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Florida District22Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Georgia District1111Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Idaho At-large10Steady2.svg1Increase2.svg 10Steady2.svg0Decrease2.svg 1 [lower-alpha 4]
Illinois District2211Increase2.svg 30Steady2.svg11Decrease2.svg 30Steady2.svg
Indiana District134Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg9Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Iowa District110Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg11Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Kansas District
+at-large
81Increase2.svg 10Decrease2.svg 17Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Kentucky District118Decrease2.svg 10Steady2.svg3Increase2.svg 10Steady2.svg
Louisiana District66Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Maine [lower-alpha 5] District40Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg4Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Maryland District60Decrease2.svg 20Steady2.svg6Increase2.svg 20Steady2.svg
Massachusetts District133Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg10Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Michigan District120Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg12Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Minnesota District70Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg7Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Mississippi District77Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Missouri District1512Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg3 [lower-alpha 6] Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Montana At-large10Decrease2.svg 11Increase2.svg 10Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Nebraska District62Increase2.svg 12Decrease2.svg 12Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Nevada At-large11Increase2.svg 10Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg0Decrease2.svg 1 [lower-alpha 7]
New Hampshire District20Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg2Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
New Jersey District82Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg6Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
New York District3413Decrease2.svg 50Steady2.svg21Increase2.svg 50Steady2.svg
North Carolina District97Increase2.svg 10Decrease2.svg 12Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
North Dakota At-large10Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg1Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Ohio District214Decrease2.svg 20Steady2.svg17Increase2.svg 20Steady2.svg
Oregon [lower-alpha 5] District20Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg2Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Pennsylvania District
+2 at-large
304Decrease2.svg 60Steady2.svg26Increase2.svg 60Steady2.svg
Rhode Island District20Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg2Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
South Carolina District77Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
South Dakota At-large20Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg2Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Tennessee District108Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg2Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Texas District1313Increase2.svg 10Steady2.svg0Decrease2.svg 10Steady2.svg
Utah At-large10Decrease2.svg 10Steady2.svg1Increase2.svg 10Steady2.svg
Vermont [lower-alpha 5] District20Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg2Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Virginia District1010Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Washington At-large20Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg2Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
West Virginia District40Decrease2.svg 10Steady2.svg4Increase2.svg 10Steady2.svg
Wisconsin District100Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg10Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Wyoming At-large10Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg1Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Total357151
42.3%
Decrease2.svg 105
1.4%
Decrease2.svg 1200
56.0%
Increase2.svg 131 [lower-alpha 3]
0.3%
Decrease2.svg 2
Popular vote
Republican
50.65%
Democratic
44.45%
Populist
2.35%
Silver Republican
0.40%
Independent
0.33%
Others
1.82%
House seats
Republican
56.02%
Democratic
42.30%
Populist
1.40%
Silver Republican
0.28%

The previous election of 1898 saw the election of 6 Populists, 2 Silver Republicans, and a Silver Party member.

House seats by party holding plurality in state
.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}
80+% Democratic
80+% Populist
80+% Republican
60+ to 80% Democratic
60+ to 80% Republican
Up to 60% Democratic
Up to 60% Populist
Up to 60% Republican 57 us house membership.png
House seats by party holding plurality in state
  80+% Democratic
  80+% Populist
  80+% Republican
  60+ to 80% Democratic
 
  60+ to 80% Republican
  Up to 60% Democratic
  Up to 60% Populist
  Up to 60% Republican
Net gain in party representation
6+ Democratic gain
6+ Republican gain
3-5 Democratic gain
3-5 Republican gain
1-2 Democratic gain
1-2 Populist gain
1-2 Republican gain
no net change 57 us house changes.png
Net gain in party representation
  6+ Democratic gain
 
  6+ Republican gain
  3-5 Democratic gain
 
  3-5 Republican gain
  1-2 Democratic gain
  1-2 Populist gain
  1-2 Republican gain
  no net change

Election dates

All the states held their elections November 6, 1900, except for 3 states, with 8 seats among them:

Special elections

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Maryland 1 John Walter Smith Democratic 1898 Incumbent resigned January 12, 1900.
New member elected November 6, 1900.
Republican gain.
  • Green check.svgY Josiah Kerr (Republican) 50.88%
  • Edwin H. Brown (Democratic) 49.12% [4]
Pennsylvania 5 Alfred C. Harmer Republican 1876 Incumbent died March 6, 1900.
Republican hold.
Alabama 8 Joseph Wheeler Democratic 1884 Incumbent resigned April 20, 1900.
Democratic hold.
Delaware at-large John H. Hoffecker Republican 1898 Incumbent died June 16, 1900.
New member elected November 6, 1900.
Republican hold.
  • Green check.svgY Walter O. Hoffecker (Republican) 53.50%
  • Edward Fowler (Democratic) 45.43%
  • Lewis M. Price (Prohibition) 0.94%
  • John P. Mettler (Social Democratic) 0.13% [5]
New Jersey 7 William D. Daly Democratic 1898 Incumbent died July 31, 1900.
New member elected November 6, 1900.
Democratic hold.
California 2 Marion De Vries Democratic 1896 Incumbent resigned August 20, 1900.
New member elected November 6, 1900.
Republican gain.
Utah at-large William H. King Democratic 1896 Incumbent's term expired March 3, 1899. Representative-elect B. H. Roberts was refused his seat in Congress.
Incumbent re-elected to serve the unexpired term on April 2, 1900.
Democratic hold.
Virginia 4 Sydney P. Epes Democratic 1896 Incumbent died March 3, 1900.
New member elected April 28, 1900.
Democratic hold.

J. William Stokes (Democratic) of South Carolina's 7th congressional district died in office on July 6, 1901, and was replaced in a special election by Asbury F. Lever (Democratic)

Alabama

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Alabama 1
Alabama 2
Alabama 3
Alabama 4
Alabama 5
Alabama 6
Alabama 7
Alabama 8
Alabama 9

Arkansas

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Arkansas 1
Arkansas 2
Arkansas 3
Arkansas 4
Arkansas 5
Arkansas 6

California

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
California 1 John All Barham Republican 1894 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • Green check.svgY Frank Coombs (Republican) 55.3%
  • James F. Farraher (Democratic) 42.4%
  • William Morgan (Socialist) 1.6%
  • Charles T. Clark (Prohibition) 0.8%
California 2 Marion De Vries Democratic 1896 Incumbent resigned August 20, 1900, to accept a judicial position.
Republican gain.
Others
  • W. F. Lockwood (Socialist) 0.9%
  • W. H. Barron (Prohibition) 0.8%
California 3 Victor H. Metcalf Republican 1898 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Victor H. Metcalf (Republican) 58.3%
  • Frank Freeman (Democratic) 38%
  • R. A. Dague (Socialist) 2.6%
  • Alvin W. Holt (Prohibition) 1.1%
California 4 Julius Kahn Republican 1898 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Julius Kahn (Republican) 55.7%
  • R. Porter Ashe (Democratic) 38.2%
  • Charles C. O'Donnell (Independent) 3.6%
  • G. B. Benham (Socialist) 2.2%
  • Joseph Rowell (Prohibition) 0.3%
California 5 Eugene F. Loud Republican 1890 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Eugene F. Loud (Republican) 55.7%
  • J. H. Henry (Democratic) 41.3%
  • C. H. King Sr. (Socialist) 2.2%
  • Fred E. Caton (Prohibition) 0.8%
California 6 Russell J. Waters Republican 1898 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold
  • Green check.svgY James McLachlan (Republican) 52.4%
  • W. D. Crichton (Democratic) 42.4%
  • Noble A. Richardson (Socialist) 3.1%
  • A. H. Hensley (Prohibition) 2.1%
California 7 James C. Needham Republican 1898 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY James C. Needham (Republican) 51.8%
  • William Graves (Democratic) 37.9%
  • H. G. Wilshire (Socialist) 7%
  • James Campbell (Prohibition) 3.2%

Colorado

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Colorado 1 John F. Shafroth Silver Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
Others
  • Joseph Smith (Socialist Labor) 0.33%
  • Charles M. Davis (Social Democratic) 0.32%
Colorado 2 John C. Bell Populist 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Others
  • William H. Leonard (Social Democratic) 0.41%
  • Nixon Elliott (Socialist Labor) 0.33%

Connecticut

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates [9]
Connecticut 1 E. Stevens Henry Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
Others
  • James I. Bartholomew (Prohibition) 1.1%
  • John Doyle (Soc. Dem.) 0.8%
  • George Tourtelotte (Soc. Labor) 0.7%
Connecticut 2 Nehemiah D. Sperry Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
Others
  • Joseph Bearhalter (Soc. Dem.) 0.9%
  • Milton R. Kerr (Prohibition) 0.6%
  • Robert T. Grant (Soc. Labor) 0.5%
Connecticut 3 Charles A. Russell Republican 1886 Incumbent re-elected.
Others
  • George S. Smith (Prohibition) 1.2%
  • Michael Heibel (Soc. Labor) 0.2%
  • Henry Dorkin (Soc. Dem.) 0.1%
Connecticut 4 Ebenezer J. Hill Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
Others
  • Abel S. Beardsley (Prohibition) 0.8%
  • Henry H. Harris (Soc. Labor) 0.4%
  • George W. Scott (Soc. Dem.) 0.2%

Delaware

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Delaware at-large Vacant
John H. Hoffecker (R) died June 16, 1900.
Republican hold.
  • Green check.svgY L. Heisler Ball (Republican) 53.08%
  • Alexander M. Daly (Democratic) 45.49%
  • Lewis M. Brosius (Prohibition) 1.30%
  • Nathan Shtofman (Social Democratic) 0.13% [10]

Florida

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Florida 1 Stephen M. Sparkman Democratic 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
Florida 2 Robert Wyche Davis Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.

Georgia

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Georgia 1
Georgia 2
Georgia 3
Georgia 4
Georgia 5
Georgia 6
Georgia 7
Georgia 8
Georgia 9
Georgia 10
Georgia 11

Idaho

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Idaho at-large Edgar Wilson Silver Republican 1898 Incumbent retired.
Populist gain.

Illinois

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Illinois 1
Illinois 2
Illinois 3
Illinois 4
Illinois 5
Illinois 6
Illinois 7
Illinois 8
Illinois 9
Illinois 10
Illinois 11
Illinois 12
Illinois 13
Illinois 14
Illinois 15
Illinois 16
Illinois 17
Illinois 18
Illinois 19
Illinois 20
Illinois 21
Illinois 22

Indiana

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Indiana 1
Indiana 2
Indiana 3
Indiana 4
Indiana 5
Indiana 6
Indiana 7
Indiana 8
Indiana 9
Indiana 10
Indiana 11
Indiana 12
Indiana 13

Iowa

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Iowa 1
Iowa 2
Iowa 3
Iowa 4
Iowa 5
Iowa 6
Iowa 7
Iowa 8
Iowa 9
Iowa 10
Iowa 11

Kansas

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Kansas 1
Kansas 2
Kansas 3
Kansas 4
Kansas 5
Kansas 6
Kansas 7
Kansas at-large

Kentucky

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Kentucky 1
Kentucky 2
Kentucky 3
Kentucky 4
Kentucky 5
Kentucky 6
Kentucky 7
Kentucky 8
Kentucky 9
Kentucky 10
Kentucky 11

Louisiana

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Louisiana 1
Louisiana 2
Louisiana 3
Louisiana 4
Louisiana 5
Louisiana 6

Maine

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Maine 1
Maine 2
Maine 3
Maine 4

Maryland

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Maryland 1 John Walter Smith Democratic 1898 Incumbent resigned January 12, 1900, upon being elected Governor.
Republican gain.
  • Green check.svgY William H. Jackson (Republican) 50.2% [lower-alpha 9]
  • John P. Moore (Democratic) 46.3%
  • George A. Cox (Prohibition) 3.4%
  • George W. Covington (Independent) 0.0%
Maryland 2 William Benjamin Baker Republican 1894 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold
Maryland 3 Frank C. Wachter Republican 1898 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Frank C. Wachter (Republican) 51.8%
  • Robert Fulton Leach, Jr. (Democratic) 46.8%
Others
  • Henry Louis Hillegeist (Prohibition) 0.7%
  • Henry F. Magness (Union Reform) 0.1%
  • Levin Thomas Jones (Social Democratic) 0.6%
Maryland 4 James W. Denny Democratic 1898 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
Others
  • William Gisriel (Prohibition) 0.7%
  • Charles B. Backman (Social Democratic) 0.1%
Maryland 5 Sydney E. Mudd I Republican 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Sydney E. Mudd I (Republican) 54.2%
  • Benjamin H. Camalier (Democratic) 44.8%
  • William H. Thompson (Prohibition) 0.9%
Maryland 6 George A. Pearre Republican 1898 Incumbent re-elected
Others
  • George M. Fisher (Ind. Republican) 0.1%
  • Robert W. Stevens (Independent) 0.0%
  • Charles T. Little (Unknown) 0.0%

Massachusetts

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Massachusetts 1 George P. Lawrence Republican1897 (special)Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY George P. Lawrence (Republican) 58.0%
  • James H. Bryan (Democratic) 38.4%
  • Theodore Koehler (Social Democratic) 1.9%
  • Kermann Koepke (Socialist Labor) 1.7%
Massachusetts 2 Frederick H. Gillett Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Frederick H. Gillett (Republican) 60.8%
  • Thomas W. Keneflick (Democratic) 36.9%
  • Charles Rawbone (Social Democratic) 2.3%
Massachusetts 3 John R. Thayer Democratic 1898 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 4 George W. Weymouth Republican 1892 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Massachusetts 5 William S. Knox Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY William S. Knox (Republican) 49.4%
  • Joseph J. Flynn (Democratic) 48.1%
  • Orion L. Woodbury (Socialist Labor) 1.3%
  • William S. Searle (Prohibition) 1.0%
  • Charles Franklin Jackman (People's) 0.4%
Massachusetts 6 William H. Moody Republican1895 (special)Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY William H. Moody (Republican) 64.6%
  • Daniel N. Crowley (Democratic) 23.0%
  • Albert L. Gillen (Social Democratic) 9.6%
  • Ernest C. Peabody (Socialist Labor) 2.7%
Massachusetts 7 Ernest W. Roberts Republican 1898 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Ernest W. Roberts (Republican) 60.3%
  • Henry Winn (Democratic) 33.3%
  • Michael D. Fitzgerald (Socialist Labor) 3.3%
  • John Cramb (Social Democratic) 3.2%
Massachusetts 8 Samuel W. McCall Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Samuel W. McCall (Republican) 69.4%
  • Philip T. Nickerson (Democratic) 27.8%
  • William E. Stacey (Socialist Labor) 2.8%
Massachusetts 9 John F. Fitzgerald Democratic 1894 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • Green check.svgY Joseph A. Conry (Democratic) 66.7%
  • Charles T. Witt (Republican) 30.1%
  • John W. Sherman (Social Democratic) 3.3%
Massachusetts 10 Henry F. Naphen Democratic 1898 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Henry F. Naphen (Democratic) 59.0%
  • George B. Pierce (Republican) 41.0%
Massachusetts 11 Charles F. Sprague Republican 1892 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • Green check.svgY Samuel L. Powers (Republican) 60.0%
  • William H. Baker (Democratic) 30.0%
  • Moorfield Storey (Independent) 7.9%
  • John A. McIsaac (Social Democratic) 2.0%
Massachusetts 12 William C. Lovering Republican 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY William C. Lovering (Republican) 76.9%
  • Charles F. King (Democratic) 25.7%
  • Charles E. Lowell (Social Democratic) 8.3%
  • George J. Hunt (Socialist Labor) 2.9%
  • Herman T. Regnell (Prohibition) 1.7%
Massachusetts 13 William S. Greene Republican1898 (special)Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY William S. Greene (Republican) 69.1%
  • Charles T. Luce (Democratic) 25.2%
  • Herbert L. Chipman (Prohibition) 3.7%
  • William Swindlehurst (Socialist Labor) 2.0%

Michigan

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Michigan 1
Michigan 2
Michigan 3
Michigan 4
Michigan 5
Michigan 6
Michigan 7
Michigan 8
Michigan 9
Michigan 10
Michigan 11
Michigan 12

Minnesota

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates [12]
Minnesota 1 James A. Tawney Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY James A. Tawney (Republican) 56.0%
  • L. L. Brown (Democratic/Populist) 44.0%
Minnesota 2 James McCleary Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY James McCleary (Republican) 59.8%
  • Marvin E. Mathews (Democratic/Populist) 37.1%
  • Samuel D. Works (Prohibition) 3.1%
Minnesota 3 Joel Heatwole Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Joel Heatwole (Republican) 57.7%
  • Albert Schaller (Democratic/Populist) 41.2%
  • John R. Lowe (Midroad Populist) 1.1%
Minnesota 4 Frederick Stevens Republican 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Frederick Stevens (Republican) 57.7%
  • Alexander Stone (Democratic/Populist) 40.3%
  • Charles Scanlon (Prohibition) 1.9%
Minnesota 5 Loren Fletcher Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Loren Fletcher (Republican) 55.4%
  • Sylvanus A. Stockwell (Democratic) 34.3%
  • John W. Johnson (Socialist Labor) 2.4%
  • Edwin Phillips (Ind. Prohibition) 2.2%
  • Adolph Hirschfield (Social Democratic) 1.7%
Minnesota 6 Page Morris Republican 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Page Morris (Republican) 55.5%
  • Henry Truelson (Democratic/Populist) 42.3%
  • Peter J. Seberger (Midroad Populist) 1.2%
  • John P. Johnson (Socialist Labor) 1.1%
Minnesota 7 Frank Eddy Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Frank Eddy (Republican) 51.8%
  • Michael J. Daly (Democratic/Populist) 42.3%
  • Hans H. Aaker (Prohibition) 5.0%
  • Haldor E. Boen (Referendum) 0.9%

Mississippi

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Mississippi 1 John M. Allen Democratic 1884 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Mississippi 2 Thomas Spight Democratic 1898 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 3 Thomas C. Catchings Democratic 1884 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold
Mississippi 4 Andrew F. Fox Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Andrew F. Fox (Democratic) 85.96%
  • W. D. Frazee (Republican) 7.20%
  • Ralph Brewer (Populist) 6.84% [16]
Mississippi 5 John S. Williams Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 6 Frank A. McLain Democratic 1898 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 7 Patrick Henry Democratic 1896 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic hold.

Missouri

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Missouri 1
Missouri 2
Missouri 3
Missouri 4
Missouri 5
Missouri 6
Missouri 7
Missouri 8
Missouri 9
Missouri 10
Missouri 11
Missouri 12
Missouri 13
Missouri 14
Missouri 15

Montana

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates [20]
Montana at-large Albert J. Campbell Democratic 1898 Incumbent retired.
Populist gain.
  • Green check.svgY Caldwell Edwards (Populist) 45.82%
  • Samuel G. Murray (Republican) 37.80%
  • Cornelius F. Kelley (Ind. Democratic) 15.38%
  • Martin J. Elliott (Social Democratic) 1.00%

Nebraska

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Nebraska 1 Elmer Burkett Republican 1898 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Elmer Burkett (Republican) 53.07%
  • George W. Berge (Democratic) 45.16%
  • S. T. Davies (Prohibition) 1.30% [21]
Others
  • G. W. Brewster (Midroad-Populist) 0.23%
  • Scattering 0.25%
Nebraska 2 David H. Mercer Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Others
  • George E. Baird (Populist) 0.89%
  • John Jeffcoat (Midroad-Populist) 0.27%
Nebraska 3 John S. Robinson Democratic 1898 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY John S. Robinson (Democratic) 49.39%
  • John R. Hays (Republican) 49.00%
  • Isaiah Lightner (Prohibition) 1.21%
  • Eugene A. Crum (Midroad-Populist) 0.41% [23]
Nebraska 4 William L. Stark Populist 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY William L. Stark (Populist) 49.88%
  • John D. Pope (Republican) 48.46%
  • Paul C. Burhaus (Prohibition) 1.66% [24]
Nebraska 5 Roderick D. Sutherland Populist 1896 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
  • Green check.svgY Ashton C. Shallenberger (Democratic) 49.35%
  • Webster L. Morlan (Republican) 48.21%
  • James A. Armstrong (Prohibition) 1.52%
  • James K. Stevens (Midroad-Populist) 0.91% [25]
Nebraska 6 William Neville Populist 1899 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY William Neville (Populist) 48.72%
  • Moses Kinkaid (Republican) 48.17%
  • P. W. Hannible (Prohibition) 1.85%
  • C. T. Holliday (Midroad-Populist) 1.27% [26]

Nevada

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Nevada at-large Francis G. Newlands Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.

New Hampshire

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
New Hampshire 1
New Hampshire 2

New Jersey

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
New Jersey 1
New Jersey 2
New Jersey 3
New Jersey 4
New Jersey 5
New Jersey 6
New Jersey 7
New Jersey 8

New York

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
New York 1
New York 2
New York 3
New York 4
New York 5
New York 6
New York 7
New York 8
New York 9
New York 10
New York 11
New York 12
New York 13
New York 14
New York 15
New York 16
New York 17
New York 18
New York 19
New York 20
New York 21
New York 22
New York 23
New York 24
New York 25
New York 26
New York 27
New York 28
New York 29
New York 30
New York 31
New York 32
New York 33
New York 34

North Carolina

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
North Carolina 1
North Carolina 2
North Carolina 3
North Carolina 4
North Carolina 5
North Carolina 6
North Carolina 7
North Carolina 8
North Carolina 9

North Dakota

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates [27]
North Dakota at-large Burleigh F. Spalding Republican 1898 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • Green check.svgY Thomas F. Marshall (Republican) 61.01%
  • M. A. Hildreth (Democratic) 37.03%
  • Charles H. Mott (Prohibition) 1.02%
Others
  • J. C. Charest (Social Democratic) 0.72%
  • Martin S. Blair (Populist) 0.21%

Ohio

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Ohio 1
Ohio 2
Ohio 3
Ohio 4
Ohio 5
Ohio 6
Ohio 7
Ohio 8
Ohio 9
Ohio 10
Ohio 11
Ohio 12
Ohio 13
Ohio 14
Ohio 15
Ohio 16
Ohio 17
Ohio 18
Ohio 19
Ohio 20
Ohio 21

Oregon

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Oregon 1 Thomas H. Tongue Republican 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
Oregon 2 Malcolm A. Moody Republican 1898 Incumbent re-elected.

Pennsylvania

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Pennsylvania 1
Pennsylvania 2
Pennsylvania 3
Pennsylvania 4
Pennsylvania 5
Pennsylvania 6
Pennsylvania 7
Pennsylvania 8
Pennsylvania 9
Pennsylvania 10
Pennsylvania 11
Pennsylvania 12
Pennsylvania 13
Pennsylvania 14
Pennsylvania 15
Pennsylvania 16
Pennsylvania 17
Pennsylvania 18
Pennsylvania 19
Pennsylvania 20
Pennsylvania 21
Pennsylvania 22
Pennsylvania 23
Pennsylvania 24
Pennsylvania 25
Pennsylvania 26
Pennsylvania 27
Pennsylvania 28
Pennsylvania at-large
(2 seats elected on a general ticket)

Rhode Island

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Rhode Island 1
Rhode Island 2

South Carolina

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
South Carolina 1 William Elliott Democratic 1886
1890 (lost contest)
1890
1892 (retired)
1894
1896 (lost contest)
1896
Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 2 W. Jasper Talbert Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 3 Asbury Latimer Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Asbury Latimer (Democratic) 97.5%
  • Anson C. Merrick (Republican) 2.5%
South Carolina 4 Stanyarne Wilson Democratic 1894 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic hold
South Carolina 5 David E. Finley Democratic 1898 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 6 James Norton Democratic 1897 (special) Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic hold
South Carolina 7 J. William Stokes Democratic 1894 Incumbent re-elected.

South Dakota

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates [30]
South Dakota at-large
(2 seats elected on a general ticket)
Charles H. Burke Republican 1898 Incumbent re-elected.
Others
  • O. A. Harpel (Prohibition) 0.69%
  • M. Rogers (Prohibition) 0.62%
  • Edmund F. English (Midroad-Populist) 0.16%
  • John M. Pease (Midroad-Populist) 0.15%
Robert J. Gamble Republican 1898 Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator.
Republican hold.

Tennessee

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Tennessee 1 Walter P. Brownlow Republican 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Walter P. Brownlow (Republican) 62.81%
  • E. C. Reeves (Democratic) 36.80%
  • R. H. Garrett (Prohibition) 0.39% [31]
Tennessee 2 Henry R. Gibson Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Henry R. Gibson (Republican) 68.74%
  • W. F. Park (Democratic) 30.89%
  • W. H. Henry (Prohibition) 0.37% [32]
Tennessee 3 John A. Moon Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY John A. Moon (Democratic) 52.07%
  • Robert S. Sharp (Republican) 47.05%
  • W. A. Wetmore (Prohibition) 0.88% [33]
Tennessee 4 Charles E. Snodgrass Democratic 1898 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 5 James D. Richardson Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 6 John W. Gaines Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY John W. Gaines (Democratic) 71.90%
  • Lee Brock (Republican) 26.17%
  • N. N. Anderson (Independent) 1.67%
  • Jonathan Stenser (Unknown) 0.26% [36]
Tennessee 7 Nicholas N. Cox Democratic 1890 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Tennessee 8 Thetus W. Sims Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Thetus W. Sims (Democratic) 53.08%
  • Samuel W. Hawkins (Republican) 44.84%
  • J. H. Mitchell (Prohibition) 1.48% [38]
Others
Tennessee 9 Rice A. Pierce Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Rice A. Pierce (Democratic) 71.79%
  • H. E. Austin (Republican) 26.04%
  • George W. Bennett (Prohibition) 1.94%
  • D. F. Taylor (Social Democratic) 0.23% [39]
Tennessee 10 Edward W. Carmack Democratic 1896 Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator.
Democratic hold.

Texas

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Texas 1
Texas 2
Texas 3
Texas 4
Texas 5
Texas 6
Texas 7
Texas 8
Texas 9
Texas 10
Texas 11
Texas 12
Texas 13

Utah

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates [41]
Utah at-large William H. King Democratic 1900 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
Others
  • A. B. Edler (Social Democratic) 0.68%
  • D. F. Porter (Socialist Labor) 0.09%

Vermont

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates [42]
Vermont 1 H. Henry Powers Republican 1890 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican hold.
  • Green check.svgY David J. Foster (Republican) 68.5%
  • Ozro Meacham (Democratic) 28.3%
  • Henry M. Seely (Prohibition) 2.4%
Vermont 2 William W. Grout Republican 1880
1882 (lost)
1884
Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • Green check.svgY Kittredge Haskins (Republican) 75.7%
  • George T. Swasey (Democratic) 23.5%
  • John B. Anderson (Socialist) 0.7%

Virginia

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates [43]
Virginia 1 William A. Jones Democratic 1890 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY William A. Jones (Democratic) 64.1%
  • James M. Stubbs (Republican) 34.9%
  • H. L. Crockett (Prohibition) 1.0%
Virginia 2 Richard A. Wise Republican 1896 (contest)
1898 (contest)
Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Virginia 3 John Lamb Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY John Lamb (Democratic) 65.6%
  • Edgar Allen (Republican) 33.5%
  • John Laub (Unknown) 0.9%
Virginia 4 Francis R. Lassiter Democratic 1900 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 5 Claude A. Swanson Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 6 Peter J. Otey Democratic 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Peter J. Otey (Democratic) 77.5%
  • J. B. Stovall Jr. (Republican) 12.0%
  • A. E. Fairweather (Prohibition) 10.5%
Virginia 7 James Hay Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY James Hay (Democratic) 63.3%
  • C. M. Gibbens (Republican) 36.7%
Virginia 8 John Franklin Rixey Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 9 William F. Rhea Democratic 1898 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 10 Julian M. Quarles Democratic 1898 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • Green check.svgY Henry D. Flood (Democratic) 54.3%
  • Robert T. Hubard (Republican) 43.7%
Others
  • R. S. Griffith (Prohibition) 1.6%
  • Frank Smith (Independent) 0.3%

Washington

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Washington at-large
(2 seats elected on a general ticket)
Wesley Livsey Jones Republican 1898 Incumbent re-elected.
Others
  • Guy Posson (Prohibition) 1.06%
  • J. A. Adams (Prohibition) 0.98%
  • William Hogan (Social Democratic) 0.93%
  • Hermon F. Titus (Social Democratic) 0.91%
  • Walter Walker (Socialist Labor) 0.44%
  • Christan F. Larsen (Socialist Labor) 0.42%
Francis W. Cushman Republican 1898 Incumbent re-elected.

West Virginia

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
West Virginia 1 Blackburn B. Dovener Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Blackburn B. Dovener (Republican) 54.38%
  • William E. Haymond (Democratic) 44.52%
  • Goodloe Jackson (Prohibition) 1.00%
  • [FNU] Johnson (Populist) 0.10% [44]
West Virginia 2 Alston G. Dayton Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Alston G. Dayton (Republican) 51.93%
  • Thomas B. Davis (Democratic) 47.46%
  • Herbert Young (Prohibition) 0.62% [45]
West Virginia 3 David E. Johnston Democratic 1898 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
West Virginia 4 Romeo H. Freer Republican 1898 Incumbent retired to run for state attorney general.
Republican hold.
Others
  • W. H. Shaw (Prohibition) 0.10%
  • [FNU] Turner (Populist) 0.01%

Wisconsin

Wisconsin elected ten members of congress on Election Day, November 6, 1900. [48] [49]

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Wisconsin 1 Henry Allen Cooper Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Henry Allen Cooper (Republican) 64.1%
  • Gilbert T. Hodges (Democratic) 33.0%
  • John R. Beveridge (Prohibition) 2.9%
Wisconsin 2 Herman Dahle Republican 1898 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Herman Dahle (Republican) 52.8%
  • John A. Aylward (Democratic) 44.8%
  • Lemuel T. Davies (Prohibition) 2.4%
Wisconsin 3 Joseph W. Babcock Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Joseph W. Babcock (Republican) 63.5%
  • Edward L. Luckow (Democratic) 33.5%
  • William J. Breeden (Prohibition) 3.0%
Wisconsin 4 Theobald Otjen Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 5 Samuel S. Barney Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 6 James H. Davidson Republican 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 7 John J. Esch Republican 1898 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY John J. Esch (Republican) 65.2%
  • John P. Rice (Democratic) 32.3%
  • Charles L. Allen (Prohibition) 2.5%
Wisconsin 8 Edward S. Minor Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Edward S. Minor (Republican) 60.1%
  • Nathan E. Morgan (Democratic) 39.9%
Wisconsin 9 Alexander Stewart Republican 1894 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • Green check.svgY Webster E. Brown (Republican) 64.7%
  • Ernest Schweppe (Democratic) 33.0%
  • John F. Scott (Prohibition) 2.3%
Wisconsin 10 John J. Jenkins Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY John J. Jenkins (Republican) 68.7%
  • Frank A. Partlow (Democratic) 28.1%
  • Henry A. Russell (Prohibition) 3.2%

Wyoming

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates [50]
Wyoming at-large Frank W. Mondell Republican 1898 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Frank W. Mondell (Republican) 59.21%
  • John C. Thompson (Democratic) 40.79%

Non-voting delegates

Arizona Territory

DistrictIncumbentThis race
DelegatePartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Arizona Territory at-large John F. Wilson Democratic 1898 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic hold.

Hawaii Territory

DistrictIncumbentThis race
DelegatePartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Hawaii Territory at-large None (New seat)New seat.
Home Rule gain.

New Mexico Territory

DistrictIncumbentThis race
DelegatePartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
New Mexico Territory at-large Pedro Perea Republican 1898 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.

Oklahoma Territory

DistrictIncumbentThis race
DelegatePartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Oklahoma Territory at-large Dennis T. Flynn Republican 1892
1894 (lost)
1898
Incumbent re-elected.

Puerto Rico

DistrictIncumbentThis race
DelegatePartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Puerto Rico at-large None (New seat)New seat.
Republican gain.

See also

Notes

  1. Regulars only, not including specials
  2. There was 1 Silver Republican and 5 Populists.
  3. 1 2 Includes 1 member of the Silver Republican faction, John F. Shafroth, of CO-01.
  4. Previous election had 1 member from the Silver Republican Party faction.
  5. 1 2 3 Elections held early.
  6. Elections in Missouri's 12th congressional district were contested multiple times, and the seat was considered vacant for much of the 57th Congress – Republican George C. Wagoner was finally seated just before the end of the 57th Congress. [3]
  7. Previous election had 1 member from the Silver Party.
  8. Also won special election to 56th Congress.
  9. Josiah Kerr (Republican) elected on same date to fill remainder of the term in the 56th Congress.
  10. 1 2 3 4 Full name unknown

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References

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  2. 1 2 3 4 Martis, pp. 154–155.
  3. See Dubin, p. 333 and 337–338.
  4. "MD District 1 Race - Nov 06, 1900". Our Campaigns. December 11, 2003.
  5. "DE District At Large - Special Election Race - Nov 06, 1900". Our Campaigns. January 13, 2006.
  6. "CA District 2 - Special Election Race - Nov 06, 1900". Our Campaigns. July 24, 2015.
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  11. "ID At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
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  14. "MS - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 16, 2021.
  15. "MS - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 16, 2021.
  16. "MS - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 16, 2021.
  17. "MS - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 16, 2021.
  18. "MS - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 16, 2021.
  19. "MS - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 16, 2021.
  20. "MT At-Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
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  22. "Our Campaigns - NE - District 02 Race - Nov 6, 1900". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
  23. "Our Campaigns - NE - District 03 Race - Nov 6, 1900". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
  24. "Our Campaigns - NE - District 04 Race - Nov 6, 1900". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
  25. "Our Campaigns - NE - District 05 Race - Nov 6, 1900". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
  26. "Our Campaigns - NE - District 06 Race - Nov 6, 1900". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
  27. "ND At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  28. "OR - District 01 Race - Jun 04, 1900". Our Campaigns. June 11, 2008.
  29. "OR - District 02 Race - Jun 04, 1900". Our Campaigns. June 12, 2008.
  30. "SD At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 9, 2021.
  31. "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
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  33. "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
  34. "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
  35. "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
  36. "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
  37. "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
  38. "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
  39. "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
  40. "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
  41. "UT Initial District Race - May 01, 1900". Our Campaigns. June 30, 2007.
  42. "VT Elections Database » Vermont Election Results and Statistics". VT Elections Database. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
  43. "Virginia Elections Database » Virginia Election Results and Statistics". Virginia Elections Database. Retrieved September 3, 2024.
  44. "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 21, 2021.
  45. "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 21, 2021.
  46. "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 21, 2021.
  47. "WV District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 21, 2021.
  48. "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved March 8, 2022 via Wayback Machine.
  49. Froehlich, William H., ed. (1901). "Biographical Sketches". The Blue Book of the State of Wisconsin 1901 (Report). Madison, Wisconsin: State of Wisconsin. pp. 722–725. Retrieved June 8, 2024.
  50. "WY At-Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
  51. "AZ Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 06, 1900". Our Campaigns. May 16, 2019.
  52. "HI Delegate At-Large Race - Nov 06, 1900". Our Campaigns. June 9, 2004.
  53. "NM Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 06, 1900". Our Campaigns. February 4, 2006.
  54. "OK Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 06, 1900". Our Campaigns. October 6, 2009.
  55. "PR Resident Commissioner Race - Nov 06, 1900". Our Campaigns. November 28, 2006.

Bibliography