1890 United States House of Representatives elections

Last updated
1890 United States House of Representatives elections
Flag of the United States (1890-1891).svg
  1888 June 3, 1890 – November 4, 1890 1892  

All 332 seats in the United States House of Representatives
167 seats needed for a majority
 Majority partyMinority partyThird party
  Charles Frederick Crisp (cropped).jpg TBReed.jpg Jerry Simpson (cropped).jpg
Leader Charles F. Crisp Thomas Brackett Reed Jerry Simpson
Party Democratic Republican Populist
Leader's seat Georgia 3rd Maine 1st Kansas 7th
Last election152 seats179 seats0 seats
Seats won238 [1] [a] 86 [1] [a] 8 [1] [a]
Seat changeIncrease2.svg 86Decrease2.svg 93Increase2.svg 8
Popular vote4,945,7564,173,605182,797
Percentage50.71%42.80%1.87%
SwingIncrease2.svg 2.03ppDecrease2.svg 4.56ppNew party

1890 US house election map fixed.svg
Results:
     Democratic gain     Republican gain
     Democratic hold     Republican hold
     Populist gain

Speaker before election

Thomas Reed
Republican

Elected Speaker

Charles Crisp
Democratic

The 1890 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 4, 1890, with five states holding theirs early in between June and October. They occurred in the middle of President Benjamin Harrison's term. Elections were held for 332 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 44 states, to serve in the 52nd United States Congress. Special elections were also held throughout the year.

Contents

A stagnant economy which became worse after the Panic of 1890, combined with a lack of support for then-Representative William McKinley's (defeated in the election) steep tariff act, which favored large industries at the expense of consumers, led to a sharp defeat for Harrison's Republican Party, giving a large majority to the Democratic Party and presaging Harrison's defeat in the 1892 United States presidential election. The Republican-controlled Congress was highly criticized for its lavish spending, and it earned the unflattering nickname of The Billion Dollar Congress. The Democrats promised to cut the outlandish budget.

Furthermore, aggressive Republican promotion of controversial English-only education laws enacted by Wisconsin and Illinois in 1889, accompanied by a surge in nativist and anti-Catholic sentiment within the state parties, had greatly hollowed out the party's support base in these former strongholds. A rare multi-confessional alliance of mainly German clergy rallied their flocks in defense of language and faith to the Democratic Party, which tore through incumbent Republican majorities in both states, capturing a total of 11 formerly Republican seats between them alone. [2] Bitterly divisive struggles over temperance laws had also been alienating immigrants from the increasingly prohibitionist Republican Party across the Midwest more broadly. Dramatic losses in the previous year's gubernatorial elections in Iowa and Ohio (which would lose another 14 Republican congressional seats between them during this election) were due in no small part to wet immigrant communities, especially Germans, expressing their resentment toward Republican efforts to ban or otherwise curtail alcohol consumption by throwing their support behind the Democratic candidates. [3]

This election also saw the Populist Party, a coalition of farmers and laborers who wanted to overhaul the nation's financial system, make a small mark on Congress.

Special elections

Election summaries

238886
DemocraticPRepublican
StateTypeTotal
seats
Democratic Populist Republican
SeatsChangeSeatsChangeSeatsChange
Alabama District88Increase2.svg 10Steady2.svg0Decrease2.svg 1
Arkansas District55Increase2.svg 20Decrease2.svg 1 [b] 0Decrease2.svg 1
California District62Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg4Steady2.svg
Colorado At-large10Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg1Steady2.svg
Connecticut District43Increase2.svg 20Steady2.svg1Decrease2.svg 2
Delaware At-large11Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Florida District22Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Georgia District1010Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Idaho [c] At-large10Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg1Steady2.svg
Illinois District2014Increase2.svg 70Steady2.svg6Decrease2.svg 7
Indiana District1311Increase2.svg 10Steady2.svg2Decrease2.svg 1
Iowa District116Increase2.svg 50Steady2.svg5Decrease2.svg 5
Kansas District70Steady2.svg5Increase2.svg 52Decrease2.svg 5
Kentucky District1110Increase2.svg 10Steady2.svg1Decrease2.svg 1
Louisiana District66Increase2.svg 10Steady2.svg0Decrease2.svg 1
Maine [c] District40Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg4Steady2.svg
Maryland District66Increase2.svg 30Steady2.svg0Decrease2.svg 3
Massachusetts District127Increase2.svg 50Steady2.svg5Decrease2.svg 5
Michigan District118Increase2.svg 60Steady2.svg3Decrease2.svg 6
Minnesota District53Increase2.svg 31Increase2.svg 11Decrease2.svg 4
Mississippi District77Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Missouri District1414Increase2.svg 40Steady2.svg0Decrease2.svg 4
Montana At-large11Increase2.svg 10Steady2.svg0Decrease2.svg 1
Nebraska District31Increase2.svg 12Increase2.svg 20Decrease2.svg 3
Nevada At-large10Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg1Steady2.svg
New Hampshire District22Increase2.svg 20Steady2.svg0Decrease2.svg 2
New Jersey District75Increase2.svg 20Steady2.svg2Decrease2.svg 2
New York District3423Increase2.svg 80Steady2.svg11Decrease2.svg 8
North Carolina District98Increase2.svg 20Steady2.svg1Decrease2.svg 2
North Dakota At-large10Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg1Steady2.svg
Ohio District2114Increase2.svg 90Steady2.svg7Decrease2.svg 9
Oregon [c] At-large10Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg1Steady2.svg
Pennsylvania District2811Increase2.svg 40Steady2.svg17Decrease2.svg 4
Rhode Island District22Increase2.svg 20Steady2.svg0Decrease2.svg 2
South Carolina District77Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
South Dakota At-large20Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg2Steady2.svg
Tennessee District108Increase2.svg 10Steady2.svg2Decrease2.svg 1
Texas District1111Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Vermont [c] District20Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg2Steady2.svg
Virginia District1010Increase2.svg 40Steady2.svg0Decrease2.svg 4
Washington At-large10Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg1Steady2.svg
West Virginia District44Increase2.svg 20Steady2.svg0Decrease2.svg 2
Wisconsin District98Increase2.svg 60Steady2.svg1Decrease2.svg 6
Wyoming [c] At-large10Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg1Steady2.svg
Total332238 [5]
71.7%
Increase2.svg 748 [5]
2.4%
Increase2.svg 986 [5]
25.9%
Decrease2.svg 83
Popular vote
Democratic
50.71%
Republican
42.80%
Populist
1.87%
Others
4.62%
House seats
Democratic
71.69%
Republican
25.90%
Populist
2.41%

The previous election of 1888 saw the election of one Labor Party representative in Arkansas.

House seats by party holding plurality in state
.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}
80+% Democratic
80+% Republican
60+% to 80% Democratic
60+% to 80% Populist
60+% to 80% Republican
Up to 60% Democratic
Up to 60% Republican 52 us house membership.png
House seats by party holding plurality in state
  80+% Democratic
 
  80+% Republican
  60+% to 80% Democratic
  60+% to 80% Populist
  60+% to 80% Republican
  Up to 60% Democratic
 
  Up to 60% Republican
Net gain in party representation
6+ Democratic gain
6+ Republican gain
3-5 Democratic gain
3-5 Populist gain
3-5 Republican gain
1-2 Democratic gain
1-2 Populist gain
1-2 Republican gain
no net change 52 us house changes.png
Net gain in party representation
  6+ Democratic gain
 
  6+ Republican gain
  3-5 Democratic gain
  3-5 Populist gain
  3-5 Republican gain
  1-2 Democratic gain
  1-2 Populist gain
  1-2 Republican gain
  no net change

Early election dates

In 1890, five states, with 9 seats among them, held elections early:

Idaho and Wyoming held elections for both the outgoing 51st Congress and the incoming 52nd Congress in 1890, having been admitted that year, and held future elections on the standard election day.

Alabama

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Alabama 1 Richard H. Clarke Democratic 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
Alabama 2 Hilary A. Herbert Democratic 1876 Incumbent re-elected.
Alabama 3 William C. Oates Democratic 1880 Incumbent re-elected.
Alabama 4 J. V. McDuffie Republican 1888 (contested) Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Alabama 5 James E. Cobb Democratic 1886 Incumbent re-elected.
Alabama 6 John H. Bankhead Democratic 1886 Incumbent re-elected.
Alabama 7 William H. Forney Democratic 1874 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY William H. Forney (Democratic) 59.23%
  • W.O. Butler (Independent) 35.70%
  • A.J. Logan (Republican) 5.08% [12]
Alabama 8 Joseph Wheeler Democratic 1880 Incumbent re-elected.

Arkansas

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Arkansas 1 Lewis P. Featherstone Labor 1888 (contested) Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Arkansas 2 Clifton R. Breckinridge Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
Arkansas 3 Thomas C. McRae Democratic 1885 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Arkansas 4 John Henry Rogers Democratic 1882 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Arkansas 5 Samuel W. Peel Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.

California

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
California 1 VacantIncumbent resigned October 1, 1890.
Democratic gain.
California 2 Marion Biggs Democratic 1886 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
California 3 Joseph McKenna Republican 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
California 4 William W. Morrow Republican 1884 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • Green check.svgY John T. Cutting (Republican) 49.2%
  • Robert Ferral (Democratic) 45.1%
  • Thomas V. Cator (Socialist) 5.6%
  • Joseph Rowell (Prohibition) 0.2%
California 5 Thomas J. Clunie Democratic 1888 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
California 6 William Vandever Republican 1886 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • Green check.svgY William W. Bowers (Republican) 51.1%
  • W. J. Curtis (Democratic) 44.1%
  • O. R. Dougherty (Prohibition) 4.8%

Colorado

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Colorado at-large Hosea Townsend Republican 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Hosea Townsend (Republican) 51.3%
  • T. J. O'Donnell (Democratic) 41.3%
  • J. D. Burr (Independent) 12.0% [19]

Connecticut

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates [20]
Connecticut 1 William E. Simonds Republican 1888 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Connecticut 2 Washington F. Willcox Democratic 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Washington F. Willcox (Democratic) 52.9%
  • Josiah M. Hubbard (Republican) 44.9%
  • Charles F. Whittemore (Prohibition) 2.2%
Connecticut 3 Charles A. Russell Republican 1886 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Charles A. Russell (Republican) 50.7%
  • David A. Wells (Democratic) 45.9%
  • Herbert J. Crocker (Prohibition) 3.3%
Connecticut 4 Frederick Miles Republican 1888 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.

Delaware

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Delaware at-large John B. Penington Democratic 1886 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.

Florida

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Florida 1 Robert H. M. Davidson Democratic 1876 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic hold.
Florida 2 Robert Bullock Democratic 1888 Incumbent re-elected.

Georgia

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Georgia 1 Rufus E. Lester Democratic 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
Georgia 2 Henry G. Turner Democratic 1880 Incumbent re-elected.
Georgia 3 Charles F. Crisp Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
Georgia 4 Thomas W. Grimes Democratic 1886 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic hold.
Georgia 5 John D. Stewart Democratic 1886 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic hold.
Georgia 6 James Henderson Blount Democratic 1872 Incumbent re-elected.
Georgia 7 Judson C. Clements Democratic 1880 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic hold.
Georgia 8 Henry H. Carlton Democratic 1886 Incumbent did not seek re-election.
Democratic hold.
Georgia 9 Allen D. Candler Democratic 1882 Incumbent did not seek re-election.
Democratic hold.
  • Green check.svgY Thomas E. Winn (Democratic) 58.83%
  • Thaddeus Pickett (Independent) 23.31%
  • Sion A. Darnell (Republican) 17.87% [29]
Georgia 10 George Barnes Democratic 1884 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic hold.

Idaho

Results by county:
Sweet
50-60%
60-70%
Mayhew
50-60% 1890 Idaho Representative election results.svg
Results by county:
  Sweet
  •   50–60%
  •   60–70%
  Mayhew
  •   50–60%

There were two elections to the new state of Idaho.

51st Congress

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Idaho at-large New districtNew seat.
Republican gain.
  • Green check.svgY Willis Sweet (Republican) 55.80%
  • Alex E. Mayhew (Democratic) 44.20% [31]

52nd Congress

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Idaho at-large Willis Sweet Republican 1890 Incumbent re-elected.

Illinois

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Illinois 1 Abner Taylor Republican 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Abner Taylor (Republican) 49.95%
  • William G. Ewing (Democratic) 48.96%
  • Isaac H. Pedrick (Prohibition) 1.09% [33]
Illinois 2 Frank Lawler Democratic 1884 Incumbent did not seek re-election.
Democratic hold.
  • Green check.svgY Lawrence E. McGann (Democratic) 60.39%
  • John G. Schaar (Republican) 36.94%
  • William Bentley (Prohibition) 2.67% [34]
Illinois 3 William E. Mason Republican 1886 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Illinois 4 George E. Adams Republican 1882 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Illinois 5 Albert J. Hopkins Republican 1885 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Albert J. Hopkins (Republican) 59.69%
  • Jacob Haish (Democratic) 36.41%
  • Frederick F. Farmiloe (Prohibition) 3.90% [37]
Illinois 6 Robert R. Hitt Republican 1882 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Illinois 7 Thomas J. Henderson Republican 1874 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Thomas J. Henderson (Republican) 53.81%
  • John W. Blee (Democratic) 43.12%
  • David E. Holmes (Prohibition) 3.08% [39]
Illinois 8 Charles A. Hill Republican 1888 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Illinois 9 Lewis E. Payson Republican 1880 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Illinois 10 Philip S. Post Republican 1886 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Philip S. Post (Republican) 50.07%
  • George A. Wilson (Democratic) 48.16%
  • Marvin S. Carr (Prohibition) 1.44%
  • Joseph S. Barnum (Farmers' Alliance) 0.33% [42]
Illinois 11 William H. Gest Republican 1886 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Illinois 12 Scott Wike Democratic 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Scott Wike (Democratic) 58.10%
  • Milton McClure (Republican) 37.24%
  • John W. Bush (Prohibition) 2.58%
  • Thomas Barton (Farmers' Alliance) 2.09% [44]
Illinois 13 William McKendree Springer Democratic 1874 Incumbent re-elected.
Illinois 14 Jonathan H. Rowell Republican 1882 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Illinois 15 Joseph Gurney Cannon Republican 1872 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Illinois 16 George W. Fithian Democratic 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY George W. Fithian (Democratic) 50.25%
  • John D. Reeder (Republican) 48.68%
  • William H. Hughes (Prohibition) 1.07% [48]
Illinois 17 Edward Lane Democratic 1886 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Edward Lane (Democratic) 51.70%
  • Fletcher Chapman (Republican) 30.22%
  • Edward Roessler (Farmers' Alliance) 15.00%
  • Jasper L. Douthit (Prohibition) 3.09% [49]
Illinois 18 William S. Forman Democratic 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY William S. Forman (Democratic) 51.74%
  • Cicero J. Lindley (Republican) 46.18%
  • James P. Courtney (Prohibition) 2.08% [50]
Illinois 19 James R. Williams Democratic 1889 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY James R. Williams (Democratic) 56.43%
  • George W. Pillow (Republican) 40.88%
  • John H. Wilson (Prohibition) 2.69% [51]
Illinois 20 George Washington Smith Republican 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY George Washington Smith (Republican) 49.55%
  • William S. Morris (Democratic) 45.86%
  • L. L. Lawrence (Farmers' Alliance) 2.66%
  • Edward A. Davis (Prohibition) 1.93% [52]

Indiana

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Indiana 1 William F. Parrett Democratic 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY William F. Parrett (Democratic) 50.35%
  • James S. Wright (Republican) 48.02%
  • William M. Land (Prohibition) 1.62% [53]
Indiana 2 John H. O'Neall Democratic 1886 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • Green check.svgY John L. Bretz (Democratic) 46.35%
  • William N. Darnell (Republican) 37.83%
  • Sampson Cox (Populist) 14.66%
  • Anderson F. Fox (Prohibition) 1.16% [54]
Indiana 3 Jason B. Brown Democratic 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Jason B. Brown (Democratic) 56.22%
  • William J. Durham (Republican) 42.69%
  • Moses Poindexter (Prohibition) 1.10% [55]
Indiana 4 William S. Holman Democratic 1880 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY William S. Holman (Democratic) 52.28%
  • John T. Rankin (Republican) 46.53%
  • Samuel V. Wright (Prohibition) 1.19% [56]
Indiana 5 George W. Cooper Democratic 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY George W. Cooper (Democratic) 51.50%
  • John G. Dunbar (Republican) 46.36%
  • William R. Sheit (Prohibition) 2.15% [57]
Indiana 6 Thomas M. Browne Republican 1876 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • Green check.svgY Henry U. Johnson (Republican) 56.90%
  • David S. Trowbridge (Democratic) 39.53%
  • William Edgerton (Prohibition) 3.57% [58]
Indiana 7 William D. Bynum Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY William D. Bynum (Democratic) 54.19%
  • John J.W. Billingsley (Republican) 43.68%
  • Charles W. Culbertson (Prohibition) 2.12% [59]
Indiana 8 Elijah V. Brookshire Democratic 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
Indiana 9 Joseph B. Cheadle Republican 1886 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican hold.
  • Green check.svgY Daniel W. Waugh (Republican) 50.17%
  • Leroy Templeton (Democratic) 47.13%
  • Milton Hanson (Prohibition) 2.71% [61]
Indiana 10 William D. Owen Republican 1884 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Indiana 11 Augustus N. Martin Democratic 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Augustus N. Martin (Democratic) 51.47%
  • Cyrus E. Bryant (Republican) 44.51%
  • Benjamin F. Dickey (Prohibition) 4.02% [63]
Indiana 12 Charles A. O. McClellan Democratic 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
Indiana 13 Benjamin F. Shively Democratic 1886 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Benjamin F. Shively (Democratic) 52.17%
  • Henry B. Wilson (Republican) 45.23%
  • Robert H. Clark (Prohibition) 2.17%
  • John Y. Maughemar (Populist) 0.43% [65]

Iowa

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Iowa 1 John H. Gear Republican 1886 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Iowa 2 Walter I. Hayes Democratic 1886 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Walter I. Hayes (Democratic) 63.82%
  • Bruce T. Seaman (Republican) 36.11%
  • T.L. Taggart (Prohibition) 0.07% [67]
Iowa 3 David B. Henderson Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY David B. Henderson (Republican) 50.24%
  • C.F. Couch (Democratic) 49.74%
  • John Bowman (Prohibition) 0.03% [68]
Iowa 4 Joseph Henry Sweney Republican 1888 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Iowa 5 Daniel Kerr Republican 1886 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Iowa 6 John F. Lacey Republican 1888 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Iowa 7 Edward R. Hays Republican 1890 (special) Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • Green check.svgY John A. T. Hull (Republican) 53.92%
  • H.C. Hargis (Democratic) 45.77%
  • J.G. Little (Prohibition) 0.31% [72]
Iowa 8 James P. Flick Republican 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
Iowa 9 Joseph Rea Reed Republican 1888 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Iowa 10 Jonathan P. Dolliver Republican 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Jonathan P. Dolliver (Republican) 51.69%
  • I.L. Woode (Democratic) 48.01%
  • Willis Weaver (Prohibition) 0.25%
  • J.J. Russell (Populist) 0.06% [75]
Iowa 11 Isaac S. Struble Republican 1882 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican hold.
  • Green check.svgY George D. Perkins (Republican) 44.60%
  • John Pallison (Democratic) 42.07%
  • A.J. Westfall (Populist) 13.01%
  • V.G. Farnham (Prohibition) 0.33% [76]

Kansas

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Kansas 1 Edmund N. Morrill Republican 1882 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Kansas 2 Edward H. Funston Republican 1884 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Edward H. Funston (Republican) 43.93%
  • A.F. Allen (Populist) 30.44%
  • J.B. Chapman (Democratic) 25.12%
  • M.F. King (Prohibition) 0.51% [78]
Kansas 3 Bishop W. Perkins Republican 1882 Incumbent lost re-election.
Populist gain.
Kansas 4 Harrison Kelley Republican 1889 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Populist gain.
Kansas 5 John Alexander Anderson Republican 1878 Incumbent retired.
Populist gain.
Kansas 6 Erastus J. Turner Republican 1886 Incumbent did not seek re-election.
Populist gain.
  • Green check.svgY William Baker (Populist) 62.60%
  • Webb McNall (Republican) 36.52%
  • Tully Scott (Democratic) 0.88% [82]
Kansas 7 Samuel R. Peters Republican 1882 Incumbent did not seek re-election.
Populist gain.

Kentucky

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Kentucky 1 William Johnson Stone Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
Kentucky 2 William T. Ellis Democratic 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
Kentucky 3 Isaac Goodnight Democratic 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
Kentucky 4 Alexander B. Montgomery Democratic 1886 Incumbent re-elected.
Kentucky 5 Asher G. Caruth Democratic 1886 Incumbent re-elected.
Kentucky 6 William W. Dickerson Democratic 1890 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY William W. Dickerson (Democratic) 62.25%
  • Weden O'Neal (Republican) 37.43%
  • J.W. Vallandingham (Prohibition) 0.31% [89]
Kentucky 7 William Campbell Preston Breckinridge Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
Kentucky 8 James B. McCreary Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
Kentucky 9 Thomas H. Paynter Democratic 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Thomas H. Paynter (Democratic) 60.02%
  • Alexander Bruce (Republican) 39.50%
  • W.W. Dye (Prohibition) 0.48% [92]
Kentucky 10 John H. Wilson Republican 1888 Incumbent redistricted.
Democratic gain.
  • Green check.svgY John W. Kendall (Democratic) 53.78%
  • R.C. Hill (Republican) 46.13%
  • George W. McCormick 0.10% [93]
Kentucky 11 Hugh F. Finley Republican 1886 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican hold.
  • Green check.svgY John H. Wilson (Republican) 60.50%
  • E.J. Howard (Democratic) 37.54%
  • D.T. Chestnut (Prohibition) 1.96% [94]

Louisiana

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Louisiana 1 Theodore S. Wilkinson Democratic 1886 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Louisiana 2 Hamilton D. Coleman Republican 1888 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Louisiana 3 Andrew Price Democratic 1889 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Louisiana 4 Newton C. Blanchard Democratic 1880 Incumbent re-elected.
Louisiana 5 Charles J. Boatner Democratic 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Charles J. Boatner (Democratic) 92.65%
  • L.C. Pritchard (Farmers' Alliance) 5.32%
  • Smith W. Green (Republican) 2.03% [99]
Louisiana 6 Samuel M. Robertson Democratic 1887 (special) Incumbent re-elected.

Maine

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Maine 1 Thomas B. Reed Republican 1876 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Thomas B. Reed (Republican) 57.18%
  • Melvin P. Frank (Democratic) 40.75%
  • Timothy B. Hussey (Prohibition) 1.90%
Maine 2 Nelson Dingley Jr. Republican 1881 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Nelson Dingley Jr. (Republican) 58.03%
  • Charles E. Allen (Democratic) 39.35%
  • William H. Foster (Prohibition) 2.62%
Maine 3 Seth L. Milliken Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Seth L. Milliken (Republican) 54.67%
  • Charles Baker (Democratic) 41.58%
  • Luther C. Bateman (Union Labor) 3.76%
Maine 4 Charles A. Boutelle Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.

Maryland

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Maryland 1 Charles H. Gibson Democratic 1884 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Maryland 2 Herman Stump Democratic 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Herman Stump (Democratic) 57.05%
  • John E. Wilson (Republican) 39.01%
  • George Baldentow (Prohibition) 3.94% [102]
Maryland 3 Harry W. Rusk Democratic 1886 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Harry W. Rusk (Democratic) 59.08%
  • Royal H. Pullman (Republican) 39.37%
  • William J. Gluck (Prohibition) 1.55% [103]
Maryland 4 Henry Stockbridge Jr. Republican 1888 Incumbent did not seek re-election.
Democratic gain.
  • Green check.svgY Isidor Rayner (Democratic) 59.72%
  • Henry H. Goldsborough (Republican) 38.58%
  • Palmer L. Parkins (Prohibition) 1.70% [104]
Maryland 5 Sydney E. Mudd I Republican 1888 (contested) Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Maryland 6 Louis E. McComas Republican 1882 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.

Massachusetts

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Massachusetts 1 Charles S. Randall Republican 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 2 Elijah A. Morse Republican 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Elijah A. Morse (Republican) 52.26%
  • Bushrod Morse (Democratic) 44.43%
  • Thomas J. Lathrop (Prohibition) 3.31%
Massachusetts 3 John F. Andrew Democratic 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 4 Joseph H. O'Neil Democratic 1888 Incumbent re-elected
  • Green check.svgY Joseph H. O'Neil (Democratic) 72.47%
  • Thomas Copeland (Republican) 25.66%
  • George L. Dacy (Prohibition) 1.87%
Massachusetts 5 Nathaniel P. Banks Republican 1888 Incumbent was not re-nominated.
Democratic gain.
  • Green check.svgY Sherman Hoar (Democratic) 53.00%
  • James A. Fox (Republican) 43.79%
  • James H. Roberts (Prohibition) 3.21%
Massachusetts 6 Henry Cabot Lodge Republican 1886 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 7 William Cogswell Republican 1886 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 8 Frederic T. Greenhalge Republican 1888 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Massachusetts 9 John W. Candler Republican 1888 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Massachusetts 10 Joseph H. Walker Republican 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Joseph H. Walker (Republican) 49.44%
  • Charles B. Pratt (Democratic) 46.33%
  • Herbert M. Small (Prohibition) 4.23%
Massachusetts 11 Rodney Wallace Republican 1888 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
  • Green check.svgY Frederick S. Coolidge (Democratic) 40.00%
  • Timothy G. Spaulding (Republican) 39.36%
  • Myron P. Walker (Ind. Republican) 15.22%
  • Henry C. Smith (Prohibition) 5.42%
Massachusetts 12 Francis W. Rockwell Republican 1884 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.

Michigan

Minnesota

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates [107]
Minnesota 1 Mark H. Dunnell Republican 1888 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Minnesota 2 John Lind Republican 1886 Incumbent re-elected.
Minnesota 3 Darwin Hall Republican 1888 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
  • Green check.svgY Osee M. Hall (Democratic) 50.5%
  • Darwin Hall (Republican) 37.5%
  • William W. Gamble (Farmers' Alliance) 8.8%
  • Charles R. Sheppard (Prohibition) 3.2%
Minnesota 4 Samuel Snider Republican 1888 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Minnesota 5 Solomon Comstock Republican 1888 Incumbent lost re-election.
Populist gain.

Mississippi

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Mississippi 1 John M. Allen Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 2 James B. Morgan Democratic 1884 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • Green check.svgY John C. Kyle (Democratic) 67.07%
  • George M. Buchanan (Republican) 32.93% [109]
Mississippi 3 Thomas C. Catchings Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 4 Clarke Lewis Democratic 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 5 Chapman L. Anderson Democratic 1886 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic hold.
Mississippi 6 T. R. Stockdale Democratic 1886 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 7 Charles E. Hooker Democratic 1886 Incumbent re-elected.

Missouri

Montana

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Montana at-large Thomas H. Carter Republican 1889 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.

Nebraska

Nebraska's results 1890 Nebraska House Results.svg
Nebraska's results
DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Nebraska 1 William J. Connell Republican 1888 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Nebraska 2 Gilbert L. Laws Republican 1889 (special) Incumbent retired.
Populist gain.
Nebraska 3 George W. E. Dorsey Republican 1884 Incumbent lost re-election.
Populist gain.

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New York

North Carolina

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
North Carolina 1 Thomas G. Skinner DemocraticIncumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • Green check.svgY William A. B. Branch (Democratic) 56.23%
  • Claude M. Bernard (Republican) 43.39%
  • Decatur W. Jarvis (Prohibition) 0.38%
North Carolina 2 Henry P. Cheatham Republican 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
North Carolina 3 Charles W. McClammy Democratic 1886 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
North Carolina 4 Benjamin H. Bunn Democratic 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Benjamin H. Bunn (Democratic) 59.80%
  • Alexander McIver (Republican) 39.09%
  • James M. Templeton (Prohibition) 1.09%
North Carolina 5 John M. Brower Republican 1886 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Others
  • Charles H. Ireland (Prohibition) 0.64%
  • Charles H. Moore (Ind. Republican) 0.56%
North Carolina 6 Alfred Rowland Democratic 1886 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
North Carolina 7 John S. Henderson Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY John S. Henderson (Democratic) 57.41%
  • Pleasant C. Thomas (Republican) 40.22%
  • Thomas M. George (Prohibition) 2.34%
North Carolina 8 William H. H. Cowles Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY William H. H. Cowles (Democratic) 53.67%
  • Edward W. Faucette (Republican) 45.36%
  • Samuel M. McCall (Independent) 0.94%
North Carolina 9 Hamilton G. Ewart Republican 1888 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.

North Dakota

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
North Dakota at-large Henry C. Hansbrough Republican 1889 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican hold.

Ohio

The Ohio Legislature redistricted the state between censuses. Coupled with other Democratic gains, this redistricting gave the Democrats a nine-seat net gain.

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates [120]
Ohio 1 Benjamin Butterworth Republican 1884 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Ohio 2 John A. Caldwell Republican 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 3 Elihu S. Williams Republican 1886 Incumbent retired.
Republican loss.
Henry Lee Morey
Redistricted from the 7th district
Republican 1888 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Ohio 4 Samuel S. Yoder Democratic 1886 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Ohio 5 George E. Seney Democratic 1886 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Ohio 6 Melvin M. Boothman Republican 1886 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Ohio 7 William E. Haynes
Redistricted from the 10th district
Democratic 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 8 Robert P. Kennedy Republican 1886 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Ohio 9 William C. Cooper Republican 1884 Incumbent retired.
Republican loss.
Joseph H. Outhwaite
Redistricted from the 13th district
Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 10 None (new district)New district.
Republican gain.
Ohio 11 Albert C. Thompson Republican 1886 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic gain.
Ohio 12 Jacob J. Pugsley Republican 1886 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Ohio 13 None (new district)New district.
Democratic gain.
  • Green check.svgY James I. Dungan (Democratic) 52.4%
  • William T. Lewis (Republican) 47.6%
Ohio 14 Charles Preston Wickham Republican 1886 Incumbent retired.
Republican loss.
  • Green check.svgY James W. Owens (Democratic) 54.9%
  • Samuel Slade (Republican) 45.1%
James W. Owens
Redistricted from the 16th district
Democratic 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 15 Charles H. Grosvenor Republican 1886 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic gain.
Ohio 16 William McKinley
Redistricted from the 18th district
Republican 1886 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Ohio 17 None (new district)New district.
Democratic gain.
Ohio 18 Joseph D. Taylor
Redistricted from the 17th district
Republican 1886 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 19 Ezra B. Taylor Republican 1880 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 20 Martin L. Smyser Republican 1888 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican hold.
Ohio 21 Theodore E. Burton Republican 1888 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
South Carolina 1 Samuel Dibble Democratic 1882 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
South Carolina 2 George D. Tillman Democratic 1878 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 3 James S. Cothran Democratic 1886 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
South Carolina 4 William H. Perry Democratic 1884 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
South Carolina 5 John J. Hemphill Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 6 George W. Dargan Democratic 1882 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
South Carolina 7 Thomas E. Miller Republican 1888 [d] Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.

South Dakota

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
South Dakota at-large
2 seats on a general ticket
John Pickler Republican 1889 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY John Pickler (Republican) 22.65%
  • Green check.svgY John R. Gamble (Republican) 22.45%
  • F. A. Leavitt (Independent) 16.18%
  • Fred Zipp (Independent) 16.12%
  • F. A. Clark (Democratic) 11.39%
  • W. Y. Quigley (Democratic) 11.22% [121]
Oscar S. Gifford Republican 1889 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican hold.

Tennessee

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Tennessee 1 Alfred A. Taylor Republican 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 2 Leonidas C. Houk Republican 1878 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Leonidas C. Houk (Republican) 60.13%
  • J. C. Williams (Democratic) 34.75%
  • S. W. Williams (Democratic) 3.43%
  • W. C. Murphy (Prohibition) 1.70% [123]
Tennessee 3 H. Clay Evans Republican 1888 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Tennessee 4 Benton McMillin Democratic 1878 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Benton McMillin (Democratic) 64.03%
  • C. W. Garrett (Republican) 33.66%
  • J. R. Goodpasture (Prohibition) 2.31% [125]
Tennessee 5 James D. Richardson Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY James D. Richardson (Democratic) 69.02%
  • P. C. Smithsen (Republican) 23.24%
  • H. R. Moore (Prohibition) 6.93%
  • P. C. Isbell (Independent) 0.82% [126]
Tennessee 6 Joseph E. Washington Democratic 1886 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Joseph E. Washington (Democratic) 74.40%
  • Samuel M. Watson (Republican) 17.29%
  • W. D. Turnley (Prohibition) 8.31% [127]
Tennessee 7 Washington C. Whitthorne Democratic 1886 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • Green check.svgY Nicholas N. Cox (Democratic) 60.86%
  • A. M. Hughes (Republican) 31.51%
  • John Graham (Prohibition) 7.63% [128]
Tennessee 8 Benjamin A. Enloe Democratic 1886 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Benjamin A. Enloe (Democratic) 64.07%
  • J. R. McKinney (Republican) 23.01%
  • George McCall (Republican) 7.41%
  • James T. Warren (Prohibition) 5.51% [129]
Tennessee 9 Rice A. Pierce Democratic 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Rice A. Pierce (Democratic) 70.64%
  • W. F. Poston (Republican) 22.94%
  • J. B. Cummings (Prohibition) 6.43% [130]
Tennessee 10 James Phelan Jr. Democratic 1886 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Others
  • G. H. McClowan (Prohibition) 0.33%
  • W. A. Ealey (Unknown) 0.20%
  • J. W. Ewing (Unknown) 0.15%

Texas

Utah

See Non-voting delegates below.

Vermont

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates [19]
Vermont 1 John W. Stewart Republican 1882 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • Green check.svgY H. Henry Powers (Republican) 66.5%
  • Thomas W. Moloney (Democratic) 33.4%
Vermont 2 William W. Grout Republican 1880
1882 (lost)
1884
Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY William W. Grout (Republican) 66.8%
  • Stephen C. Shurtleff (Democratic) 33.1%

Virginia

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates [19]
Virginia 1 Thomas H. B. Browne Republican 1886 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
  • Green check.svgY William A. Jones (Democratic) 54.3%
  • Thomas H. B. Browne (Republican) 45.2%
Virginia 2 George E. Bowden Republican 1886 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
  • Green check.svgY John W. Lawson (Democratic) 50.7%
  • George E. Bowden (Republican) 46.3%
Virginia 3 Edmund Waddill Jr. Republican 1888 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Virginia 4 John M. Langston Republican 1888 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
  • Green check.svgY James F. Epes (Democratic) 57.1%
  • John M. Langston (Republican) 42.8%
Virginia 5 Posey G. Lester Democratic 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Posey G. Lester (Democratic) 82.0%
  • S. C. Adams (Independent) 10.6%
  • J. Ring (Independent) 7.4%
Virginia 6 Paul C. Edmunds Democratic 1886 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Paul C. Edmunds (Democratic) 92.6%
  • William J. Shelburne (Prohibition) 7.2%
Virginia 7 Charles T. O'Ferrall Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected
Virginia 8 W. H. F. Lee Democratic 1886 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY W. H. F. Lee (Democratic) 57.0%
  • Frank Hume (Ind. Democratic) 43.0%
Virginia 9 John A. Buchanan Democratic 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 10 Henry St. George Tucker Democratic 1888 Incumbent re-elected

Washington

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Washington at-large John L. Wilson Republican 1888 Incumbent re-elected.

West Virginia

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
West Virginia 1 George W. Atkinson Republican 1888 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
West Virginia 2 William L. Wilson Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
Others
  • Aaron Baker (Prohibition) 0.36%
  • John M. Hancock (Union Labor) 0.05%
West Virginia 3 John D. Alderson Democratic 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY John D. Alderson (Democratic) 56.06%
  • Theophilus Gaines (Republican) 43.29%
  • J. E. Middleton (Prohibition) 0.65% [134]
West Virginia 4 Charles B. Smith Republican 1888 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.

Wisconsin

Wisconsin elected nine members of congress on Election Day, November 4, 1890. [136] [137]

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Wisconsin 1 Lucien B. Caswell Republican 1884 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic gain.
Wisconsin 2 Charles Barwig Democratic 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Charles Barwig (Democratic) 65.8%
  • D. C. Van Brunt (Republican) 34.2%
Wisconsin 3 Robert M. La Follette Republican 1884 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Wisconsin 4 Isaac W. Van Schaick Republican 1888 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
  • Green check.svgY John L. Mitchell (Democratic) 56.0%
  • Robert C. Spencer (Republican) 40.0%
  • Robert C. Schilling (Union Labor) 3.6%
  • Charles E. Reed (Prohibition) 0.3%
Wisconsin 5 George H. Brickner Democratic 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 6 Charles B. Clark Republican 1886 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Wisconsin 7 Ormsby B. Thomas Republican 1884 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Wisconsin 8 Nils P. Haugen Republican 1887 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 9 Myron H. McCord Republican 1888 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.

Wyoming

Republican Clarence D. Clark was elected over Democrat George T. Beck in a single ballot both to finish the current term (ending 1891) and the next term (beginning 1891). [138]

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Wyoming at-large Vacant (new seat)Republican gain.

Non-voting delegates

51st Congress

DistrictIncumbentThis race
DelegatePartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Oklahoma Territory at-large New seatNew seat.
New delegate elected to finish the current term.
Republican gain.

52nd Congress

DistrictIncumbentThis race
DelegatePartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Arizona Territory at-large
New Mexico Territory at-large
Oklahoma Territory at-large New seatNew seat.
New delegate elected to the next term.
Republican gain.
Utah Territory at-large John T. Caine Populist 1882 Incumbent re-elected

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 Dubin (pp. 293–94) counts 235 Democrats, 88 Republicans, and 8 Populists at the opening of the 52nd Congress.
  2. One Labor Party member had been elected in 1888.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Elections held early.
  4. After disputed election.

References

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Bibliography