1852–53 United States House of Representatives elections

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1852–53 United States House of Representatives elections
Flag of the United States (1851-1858).svg
  1850 & 1851 August 2, 1852 – November 8, 1853 1854 & 1855  

All 234 seats in the United States House of Representatives
118 seats needed for a majority
 Majority partyMinority party
  LinnBoyd.jpg JosephRipleyChandler.png
Leader Linn Boyd Joseph R. Chandler
Party Democratic Whig
Leader's seat Kentucky 1st Pennsylvania 2nd
Last election120 seats82 seats
Seats won15068
Seat changeIncrease2.svg 30Decrease2.svg 14
Popular vote1,566,0041,308,031
Percentage49.82%41.61%
SwingIncrease2.svg 6.51%Decrease2.svg 0.28%

 Third partyFourth party
 
Party Free Soil Union
Last election4 seats15 seats
Seats won45 [a]
Seat changeSteady2.svgDecrease2.svg 10
Popular vote125,27122,139
Percentage3.99%0.70%
SwingIncrease2.svg 0.87%Decrease2.svg 3.99%

 Fifth partySixth party
 
Party Southern Rights Independent
Last election8 seats4 seats [b]
Seats won4 [c] 3 [d]
Seat changeDecrease2.svg 4Decrease2.svg 1
Popular vote20,32687,826
Percentage0.65%2.79%
SwingDecrease2.svg 3.48%Steady2.svg

House033ElectionMap.png

Speaker before election

Linn Boyd
Democratic

Elected Speaker

Linn Boyd
Democratic

The 1852–53 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between August 2, 1852, and November 8, 1853. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 33rd United States Congress convened on December 5, 1853. The size of the House increased to 234 seats following the congressional reapportionment based on the 1850 United States census.

Contents

Democrats increased their House majority while electing national compromise candidate Franklin Pierce, a Northerner favorable to Southern interests, to the Presidency. Effects of the Compromise of 1850 temporarily had reduced sectional tensions, and both major parties, Democrats and Whigs, unified around the 1852 presidential campaign, with Whig unity more tenuous. Two small parties, the Constitutional Unionists and States' Rights parties, collapsed before this election, while the Free Soil Party, opposing slavery in the Western territories, retained four seats. One Independent, Caleb Lyon, was elected from New York.

Election summaries

Following the 1850 census, the House was reapportioned. In the initial apportionment bill, the number of seats was unchanged at 233, [1] but later one seat was added to California's delegation, increasing the total apportionment to 234, due to returns from California being determined to be incomplete. [2]

1584171
DemocraticFSIWhig
StateTypeDateTotal seats Democratic Free Soil Whig Others
SeatsChangeSeatsChangeSeatsChangeSeatsChangeSeatsChange
Iowa DistrictsAugust 2, 18522Steady2.svg1Decrease2.svg10Steady2.svg1Increase2.svg10Steady2.svg
Missouri DistrictsAugust 2, 18527Increase2.svg23Increase2.svg10Steady2.svg4Increase2.svg10Steady2.svg
Vermont DistrictsSeptember 7, 18523Decrease2.svg10Decrease2.svg10Steady2.svg3Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Maine DistrictsSeptember 13, 18526Decrease2.svg13Decrease2.svg20Steady2.svg3Increase2.svg10Steady2.svg
Florida At-largeOctober 5, 18521Steady2.svg1Increase2.svg10Steady2.svg0Decrease2.svg10Steady2.svg
Indiana DistrictsOctober 12, 185211Increase2.svg110Increase2.svg20Steady2.svg1Decrease2.svg10Steady2.svg
Ohio DistrictsOctober 12, 185221Steady2.svg12Increase2.svg12Increase2.svg17Decrease2.svg20Steady2.svg
Pennsylvania DistrictsOctober 12, 185225Increase2.svg116Increase2.svg10Steady2.svg9Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
California At-largeNovember 2, 1852
(Election Day) [e]
2Steady2.svg2Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Illinois Districts9Increase2.svg25 [f] Decrease2.svg10Steady2.svg4Increase2.svg30Steady2.svg
Michigan Districts4Increase2.svg14Increase2.svg30Steady2.svg0Decrease2.svg20Steady2.svg
New Jersey Districts5Steady2.svg4Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg1Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
New York Districts33Decrease2.svg121Increase2.svg41Increase2.svg110Decrease2.svg71 [g] Increase2.svg1
Wisconsin Districts3Steady2.svg3Increase2.svg10Decrease2.svg10Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Delaware At-largeNovember 8, 18521Steady2.svg1Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Massachusetts DistrictsNovember 8, 185211Increase2.svg11Steady2.svg1Decrease2.svg19Increase2.svg20Steady2.svg
South Carolina DistrictsFebruary 28 – March 1, 18536Decrease2.svg16Decrease2.svg10Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Late elections (after the March 4, 1853 beginning of the term)
New Hampshire DistrictsMarch 8, 18533Decrease2.svg13Increase2.svg10Steady2.svg0Decrease2.svg20Steady2.svg
Connecticut DistrictsApril 4, 18534Steady2.svg4Increase2.svg10Steady2.svg0Decrease2.svg10Steady2.svg
Rhode Island DistrictsApril 6, 18532Steady2.svg2Increase2.svg10Steady2.svg0Decrease2.svg10Steady2.svg
Virginia DistrictsMay 26, 185313Decrease2.svg213Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg0Decrease2.svg20Steady2.svg
Arkansas DistrictsAugust 1, 18532Increase2.svg12Increase2.svg10Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Kentucky DistrictsAugust 1, 185310Steady2.svg5Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg5Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
Texas DistrictsAugust 1, 18532Steady2.svg2Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg
North Carolina DistrictsAugust 4, 18538Decrease2.svg15Increase2.svg20Steady2.svg3Decrease2.svg30Steady2.svg
Tennessee DistrictsAugust 4, 185310Decrease2.svg15Decrease2.svg20Steady2.svg5Increase2.svg10Steady2.svg
Alabama DistrictsAugust 8, 18537Steady2.svg6Increase2.svg20Steady2.svg1Decrease2.svg10Decrease2.svg1 [h]
Georgia DistrictsOctober 3, 18538Steady2.svg6Increase2.svg60Steady2.svg2Increase2.svg20Decrease2.svg8 [i]
Louisiana DistrictsNovember 1, 18534Steady2.svg3Increase2.svg10Steady2.svg1Decrease2.svg10Steady2.svg
Maryland DistrictsNovember 2, 18536Steady2.svg4Increase2.svg20Steady2.svg2Decrease2.svg20Steady2.svg
Mississippi District + 1 at-largeNovember 7–8, 18535Increase2.svg15Increase2.svg50Steady2.svg0Steady2.svg0Decrease2.svg4 [j]
Total234Increase2.svg1158 [f]
67.5%
Increase2.svg284
1.7%
Steady2.svg71
30.3%
Decrease2.svg151
0.4%
Decrease2.svg12
Popular vote
Democratic
49.82%
Whig
41.61%
Free Soil
3.99%
Unionist
0.70%
States' Rights
0.65%
Independent
2.79%
Others
0.44%
House seats
Democratic
64.10%
Whig
30.34%
Unionist
2.14%
Free Soil
1.71%
Southern Rights
1.71%
Independent
1.28%

Alabama

Arkansas

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Arkansas 1 Robert W. Johnson
Redistricted from the at-large district
Democratic 1846 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold. [3]
Arkansas 2 New seat.
Democratic gain.

California

Note: From statehood to 1864, California's representatives were elected at-large, with the top two vote-getters winning election from 1849 to 1858; in 1860 when California gained a seat in the House the top three vote-getters were elected.

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
California at-large
2 seats on a general ticket
Edward C. Marshall Democratic 1851 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Joseph W. McCorkle Democratic 1851 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic hold.

Connecticut

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates [5]
Connecticut 1 Charles Chapman Whig 1851 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Connecticut 2 Colin M. Ingersoll Democratic 1851 Incumbent re-elected.
Connecticut 3 Chauncey F. Cleveland Democratic 1849 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Connecticut 4 Origen S. Seymour Democratic 1851 Incumbent re-elected.

Delaware

Election was held November 8, 1852.

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Delaware at-large George R. Riddle Democratic 1850 Incumbent re-elected.

Florida

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Florida at-large Edward C. Cabell Whig 1846 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.

Georgia

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Georgia 1
Georgia 2
Georgia 3
Georgia 4
Georgia 5
Georgia 6
Georgia 7
Georgia 8

Illinois

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Illinois 1
Illinois 2
Illinois 3
Illinois 4
Illinois 5
Illinois 6
Illinois 7
Illinois 8
Illinois 9

Indiana

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Indiana 1
Indiana 2
Indiana 3
Indiana 4
Indiana 5
Indiana 6
Indiana 7
Indiana 8
Indiana 9
Indiana 10
Indiana 11

Iowa

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Iowa 1
Iowa 2

Kentucky

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Kentucky 1
Kentucky 2
Kentucky 3
Kentucky 4
Kentucky 5
Kentucky 6
Kentucky 7
Kentucky 8
Kentucky 9
Kentucky 10

Louisiana

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Louisiana 1
Louisiana 2
Louisiana 3
Louisiana 4

Maine

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Maine 1
Maine 2
Maine 3
Maine 4
Maine 5
Maine 6
Maine 7

Maryland

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Maryland 1
Maryland 2
Maryland 3
Maryland 4
Maryland 5
Maryland 6

Massachusetts

The elections were held November 8, 1852. However, many of the districts went to a December 13, 1852 second ballot.

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Massachusetts 1 Zeno Scudder
Redistricted from the 10th district
Whig 1851 Incumbent re-elected on the second ballot.
First ballot (November 8, 1852)
Second ballot (December 13, 1852)
Massachusetts 2
Massachusetts 3
Massachusetts 4
Massachusetts 5
Massachusetts 6
Massachusetts 7
Massachusetts 8
Massachusetts 9
Massachusetts 10
Massachusetts 11

Michigan

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Michigan 1 Ebenezer J. Penniman Whig 1850 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Michigan 2 Charles E. Stuart Democratic 1847 (special)
1848 (lost)
1850
Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senator.
Democratic hold.
Michigan 3 James L. Conger Whig 1850 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Michigan 4 None (New seat)New seat.
Democratic gain.
  • Green check.svgY Hestor L. Stevens (Democratic) 51.8%
  • George Bradley (Whig) 43.1%
  • Ephraim Calkins (Free Soil) 5.1% [11]

Mississippi

Elections held late, from November 7 to 8, 1853

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Mississippi at-large None (new district)New seat.
Democratic gain.
Mississippi 1 Benjamin D. Nabers Unionist 1851 Incumbent lost re-election as a Whig.
Democratic gain.
Mississippi 2 John A. Wilcox Unionist 1851 Incumbent lost re-election as a Whig.
Democratic gain.
Mississippi 3 John D. Freeman Unionist 1851 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Mississippi 4 Albert G. Brown Southern Rights 1847 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Green check.svgY Wiley P. Harris (Democratic) 100% [16]

Missouri

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New York

North Carolina

Ohio

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

Tennessee

Elections held late, on August 4, 1853.

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Tennessee 1 Andrew Johnson Democratic 1842 Incumbent retired to run for Governor.
Democratic loss.
Albert G. Watkins
Redistricted from the 2nd district
Whig 1849 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Tennessee 2 William M. Churchwell
Redistricted from the 3rd district
Democratic 1851 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 3 None (new district)New seat.
Democratic gain.
Tennessee 4 John H. Savage Democratic 1849 Incumbent retired.
Democratic loss.
William Cullom
Redistricted from the 8th district
Whig 1851 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 5 None (new district)New seat.
Whig gain.
Tennessee 6 William H. Polk Independent
Democratic
1851 Incumbent retired.
Independent Democratic loss.
Green check.svgY George W. Jones (Democratic) 100% [22]
George W. Jones
Redistricted from the 5th district
Democratic 1842 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 7 Meredith P. Gentry Whig 1845 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
Tennessee 8 None (new district)New seat.
Whig gain.
Tennessee 9 Isham G. Harris Democratic 1849 Incumbent retired.
Democratic loss.
Christopher H. Williams
Redistricted from the 11th district
Whig 1849 Incumbent lost re-election.
Whig hold.
Tennessee 10 Frederick P. Stanton Democratic 1845 Incumbent re-elected.

Texas

Vermont

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates [27]
Vermont 1 James Meacham
Redistricted from the 3rd district
Whig 1849 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Ahiman Louis Miner Whig 1850 Incumbent retired.
Whig loss.
Vermont 2 William Hebard Whig 1848 Incumbent retired.
Whig hold.
Vermont 3 None (new district)New seat.
Whig gain.
First ballot
Second ballot
Vermont 4 Thomas Bartlett Jr. Democratic 1850 Incumbent retired.
District eliminated.
Democratic loss.
None

Virginia

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates [28]
Virginia 1 Thomas H. Bayly
Redistricted from the 7th district
Democratic 1844 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY Thomas H. Bayly (Democratic) 58.9%
  • Louis H. C. Finney (Unknown) 39.9%
  • George W. Lewis (Unknown) 1.1%
Virginia 2 John Millson
Redistricted from the 1st district
Democratic 1849 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY John Millson (Democratic) 56.7%
  • Jonathan R. Chambliss (Whig) 36.6%
  • William D. Roberts (Democratic) 6.7%
Virginia 3 Thomas H. Averett Democratic 1849 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic loss.
  • Green check.svgY John Caskie (Democratic) 54.9%
  • Clayton G. Coleman (Whig) 45.1%
John Caskie
Redistricted from the 6th district
Democratic 1851 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 4 Richard Kidder Meade
Redistricted from the 2nd district
Democratic 1847 (special) Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • Green check.svgY William Goode (Democratic) 65.3%
  • Wyatt Cardwell (Whig) 18.4%
  • William C. Flournoy (Unknown) 14.6%
  • William S. Scott (Unknown) 1.7%
Virginia 5 Thomas S. Bocock
Redistricted from the 4th district
Democratic 1847 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 6 Paulus Powell
Redistricted from the 5th district
Democratic 1849 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • Green check.svgY Paulus Powell (Democratic) 52.5%
  • Alexander Mosely (Whig) 47.5%
Virginia 7 James F. Strother
Redistricted from the 9th district
Whig 1851 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic gain.
Virginia 8 Alexander Holladay Democratic 1849 Incumbent retired.
Democratic loss.
Charles J. Faulkner
Redistricted from the 10th district
Whig 1851 Incumbent re-elected as a Democrat.
Democratic gain.
Virginia 9 John Letcher
Redistricted from the 11th district
Democratic 1851 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green check.svgY John Letcher (Democratic) 74.4%
  • Tyre Maupin (Whig) 25.6%
Virginia 10 None (new district)New district.
Democratic gain.
Virginia 11 None (new district)New district.
Democratic gain.
Virginia 12 Henry A. Edmundson Democratic 1849 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 13 Fayette McMullen Democratic 1849 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 14 James M. H. Beale Democratic 1849 Incumbents retired.
Districts eliminated.
Democratic loss.
None
Virginia 15 Sherrard Clemens Democratic 1852 (special) None

Wisconsin

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates [29]
Wisconsin 1 Charles Durkee Free Soil 1848 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Wisconsin 2 Ben C. Eastman Democratic 1850 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 3 James Duane Doty Independent
Democratic
1848 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.

Non-voting delegates

DistrictIncumbentThis race
DelegatePartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Minnesota Territory Henry Hastings Sibley Democratic 1848 (Wis. Territory: special)
1849 (Wis. Territory: eliminated)
1849 (Minn. Territory)
Incumbent retired.
New delegate elected.
Democratic hold.
New Mexico Territory Richard H. Weightman Democratic 1851 Incumbent retired.
New delegate elected in 1853.
Democratic hold.
Oregon Territory Joseph Lane Democratic 1851 Incumbent re-elected.

See also

Notes

  1. Includes three Union Whigs and two Union Democrats.
  2. Included three Independent Democrats and one Independent Whig.
  3. Includes four Southern Rights Democrats.
  4. Includes one Independent, one Independent Democrat, and the Benton Independent.
  5. In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform date for choosing presidential electors (see: Statutes at Large, 28th Congress, 2nd Session, p. 721). Congressional elections were unaffected by this law, but the date was gradually adopted by the states for congressional elections as well.
  6. 1 2 Includes 1 Independent Democrat, William Henry Bissell, elected to IL-08.
  7. Caleb Lyon was elected to NY-23 as an Independent.
  8. Previous election had 1 Constitutional Union member.
  9. Previous election had 6 Constitutional Union and 2 States' Rights.
  10. Previous election had 3 Constitutional Union and 1 States' Rights.
  11. Full name unpublished in source, presumably Alexander Wilkin (Whig)

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References

  1. 9  Stat.   432
  2. 10  Stat.   25
  3. 1 2 3 Guide to U.S. Elections. Vol. II (6th ed.). Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. 2010. p. 1016. ISBN   9781604265361. LCCN   2009033938. OCLC   430736650.
  4. "Our Campaigns - CA - at Large Race - Nov 02, 1852".
  5. "State of Connecticut Elections Database » Search Past Election Results". State of Connecticut Elections Database. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
  6. "Our Campaigns - MA District 1 - 1st Trial Race - Nov 08, 1852".
  7. "Our Campaigns - MA District 1 - 2nd Trial Race - Dec 13, 1852".
  8. "MI - District 01 Race - Nov 02, 1852". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
  9. "MI - District 02 Race - Nov 02, 1852". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
  10. "MI - District 03 Race - Nov 02, 1852". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
  11. "MI - District 04 Race - Nov 02, 1852". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
  12. "MS - At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  13. "MS - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  14. "MS - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  15. "MS - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  16. "MS - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  17. "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  18. "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  19. "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  20. "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  21. "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  22. "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  23. "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  24. "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  25. "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  26. "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
  27. "VT Elections Database » Vermont Election Results and Statistics". VT Elections Database. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
  28. "Virginia Elections Database » Virginia Election Results and Statistics". Virginia Elections Database. Retrieved August 31, 2024.
  29. "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved March 8, 2022 via Wayback Machine.
  30. Greeley, Horace (February 22, 1868). "The Tribune Almanac for the Years L838 to L868, Inclusive: Comprehending the Politician's Register and the Whig Almanac, Containing Annual Election Returns by States and Counties ... Political Essays ... &c., Making a Connected Political History for Thirty Years". New York tribune via Google Books.
  31. "Our Campaigns - NM Territorial Delegate Race - Oct 01, 1853".

Bibliography