The following is a list of ballot measures, whether initiated by legislators or citizens, which have been certified to appear on various states' ballots during the 2024 United States elections as of September 6, 2024.
Elections that have been certified or unanimously projected will be shown here.
| State | Origin | Status | Measure | Description (Result of a "yes" vote) | Date | % req. | Yes | No |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Legislature | Failed | Amendment 1 | Exempts local laws or local constitutional amendments from the budget isolation resolution process. | Mar 5 | >50% | 341,515 48.69% | 359,850 51.31% |
| California | Legislature | Approved | Proposition 1 | Reforms the Mental Health Services Act and issues $6.38 billion in bonds for homeless individuals and veterans. | Mar 5 | >50% | 3,636,678 50.18% | 3,610,436 49.82% |
| Wisconsin | Legislature | Approved | Question 1 | Prohibits governments in the state from applying or accepting non-governmental funds or equipment for election administration. | Apr 2 | >50% | 638,555 54.43% | 534,612 45.57% |
| Legislature | Approved | Question 2 | Mandates that only election officials may administer elections. | Apr 2 | >50% | 685,806 58.63% | 483,900 41.37% | |
| North Dakota | Citizens | Approved | Initiated Measure 1 | Creates an age limit of 81 for congressional officeholders. | Jun 11 | >50% | 68,468 60.84% | 44,076 39.16% |
| Missouri | Legislature | Failed | Amendment 1 | Exempts childcare facilities from property taxes. | Aug 6 | >50% | 491,161 45.28% | 593,465 54.72% |
| Legislature | Approved | Amendment 4 | Allows the legislature to increase minimum funding for a police force established by a state board of police commissioners. [1] | Aug 6 | >50% | 549,919 51.13% | 525,657 48.87% | |
| Wisconsin | Legislature | Failed | Question 1 | Prohibits the legislature from delegating its power to appropriate money. [2] | Aug 13 | >50% | 521,538 42.55% | 704,260 57.45% |
| Legislature | Failed | Question 2 | Requires legislative approval before the governor can expend federal money appropriated to the state. [3] | Aug 13 | >50% | 521,639 42.47% | 706,637 57.53% | |
| Oklahoma | Legislature | Failed [4] | Question 833 | Allows municipalities to create infrastructure districts with the ability to issue bonds | Nov 5 | >50% | 559,982 38.89% | 898,526 61.61% |
| Legislature | Approved [5] | Question 834 | Prohibits the state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote | Nov 5 | >50% | 1,207,520 80.73% | 288,267 19.27% | |
| South Carolina | Legislature | Approved [6] | Amendment 1 | Prohibits the state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote | Nov 5 | >50% | 1,982,956 85.94% | 324,432 14.06% |
| Wyoming | Legislature | Approved [7] | Amendment A | Separates residential property into its own class for purposes of property tax assessment | Nov 5 | >50% [a] | 146,336 53.97% | 100,392 37.03% |
| Iowa | Legislature | Approved (projected) [8] | Require Citizenship to Vote in Elections and Allow 17-Year-Olds to Vote in Primaries | Prohibits state and local governments from allowing non-citizens to vote, and would allow some 17-year-olds to vote in primaries, provided they turn 18 by the next general election. [9] | Nov 5 | >50% | Awaiting official results | |
| Alabama | Legislature | Approved (projected) | Amendment 1 | Transfers control of land to the Franklin County Board of Education. | Nov 5 | >50% | Awaiting official results | |
| Alaska | Citizens | Approved (projected) | Ballot Measure 1 | Increases the minimum wage to $15/hr (currently $11.73/hr) by July 2027; provides 40-56 hours of paid sick leave a year depending on employer size; protects employees from being required to attend meetings on political and religious matters. | Nov 5 | >50% | Awaiting official results | |
| Citizens | Failed | Measure 2 | Repeal Alaska's electoral system of ranked-choice voting and nonpartisan blanket primaries and return the state to partisan primaries and plurality voting | Nov 5 | >50% | 160,124 49.89% | 160,861 50.11% | |
| Arizona | Citizens | Approved (projected) [10] | Proposition 139 | Enshrines abortion until fetal viability or to protect health of the mother [11] | Nov 5 | >50% | Awaiting official results | |
| Colorado | Citizens | Approved [12] | Amendment 79 | Enshrines abortion in the Colorado Constitution and allows the use of public funds for abortion healthcare [13] | Nov 5 | 55% | 1,835,127 61.9% | 1,130,617 38.1% |
| District of Columbia | Citizens | Approved (projected) | Initiative 83 | Allows independent voters to participate in partisan primaries and implements ranked-choice voting. [14] | Nov 5 | >50% | 186,277 72.7% | 70,045 27.3% |
| Florida | Citizens | Failed (projected) | Amendment 4 | Enshrines abortion until fetal viability or to protect health of the mother [15] | Nov 5 | 60% | 6,054,370 57.1% | 4,542,398 42.9% |
| Idaho | Legislature | Passed (projected) | Citizenship Requirement for Voting | Prohibits state and local governments from allowing non-citizens to vote. [16] | Nov 5 | >50% | 550,652 64.9% | 298,438 35.1% |
| Citizens | Failed (projected) | Proposition 1 | Implements a top-four nonpartisan blanket primary; with ranked-choice voting for the general election for state, county, and federal offices. [17] | 260,594 30.5% | 595,182 69.5% | |||
| Kentucky | Legislature | Passed (projected) | Amendment 1 | Prohibits state and local governments from allowing non-citizens to vote. [18] | Nov 5 | >50% | 1,212,430 62.5% | 727,121 37.5% |
| Maryland | Legislature | Approved [19] | Question 1 | Enshrines abortion in the Maryland Constitution [20] | Nov 5 | >50% | 1,940,792 74.9% | 649,105 25.1% |
| Missouri | Citizens | Approved (projected) | Amendment 3 | Enshrines abortion until fetal viability [21] | Nov 5 | >50% | 1,534,399 51.9% | 1,424,781 48.1% |
| Legislature | On ballot | Amendment 7 | Prohibits state and local governments from allowing non-citizens to vote, and ban ranked-choice voting in the state. [22] | >50% | 1,952,138 68.5% | 899,408 31.5% | ||
| Montana | Fetal viability | Approved (projected) | CI-128 | Enshrines abortion until fetal viability or to protect health of the mother [23] | Nov 5 | >50% | 290,899 57.4% | 215,508 42.6% |
| Nebraska | Citizens | Approved (projected) | Initiative 434 | Prohibits abortion after the first trimester [24] | Nov 5 | >50% [b] | 496,586 55.3% | 401,072 44.7% |
| Citizens | Failed (projected) | Initiative 439 | Enshrines abortion until fetal viability [25] | 437,673 48.7% | 461,833 51.3% | |||
| Nevada | Citizens | Approved [26] | Question 6 | Enshrines abortion until fetal viability or to protect health of the mother [27] | Nov 5 | >50% | 860,866 64.1% | 482,998 35.9% |
| New York | Legislature | Approved (projected) | Proposal 1 | Prohibit a person's rights from being denied based on the person's reproductive choices, among others [28] | Nov 5 | >50% | 4,294,254 61.5% | 2,686,909 38.5% |
| South Dakota | Citizens | Failed (projected) | Amendment G | Enshrines abortion during the first trimester, with limits on regulation during the second trimester [29] | Nov 5 | >50% | 151,411 40.3% | 224,248 59.7% |
Included in this section is any ballot measure that has either been certified for the ballot or has passed at least one house in the legislature.
As of September 11, 2024, 10 states have certified a referendum on abortion for the 2024 United States elections. This is the most for a single election cycle on record. [30] Since the overturning of Roe v. Wade in 2022, every pro-abortion rights ballot measure has passed, and every ban by popular referendum has failed, even in more conservative states such as Kentucky. [31]
| State | Current policy [32] | Origin | Status | Measure | Description (Result of a "yes" vote) | Date | % req. | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arizona | 15th week | Citizens | Approved [10] | Proposition 139 | Enshrines abortion until fetal viability or to protect health of the mother [33] | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| Colorado | Any stage | Citizens | Approved [12] | Amendment 79 | Enshrines abortion in the Colorado Constitution and allows the use of public funds for abortion healthcare [34] | Nov 5 | 55% | TBD |
| Florida | 6th week | Citizens | On ballot | Amendment 4 | Enshrines abortion until fetal viability or to protect health of the mother [35] | Nov 5 | 60% | TBD |
| Hawaii | Fetal viability | Legislature | Died in legislature | Right to Abortion | Enshrines abortion and the right to use contraceptives [36] | — | >50% [c] | N/A |
| Iowa | 6th week | Legislature | Died in legislature | No State Constitutional Right to Abortion | Prohibits abortion [37] | — | >50% | N/A |
| Maine | Fetal viability | Legislature | Died in legislature | Right to Personal Reproductive Autonomy | Enshrines abortion [38] | — | >50% | N/A |
| Maryland | Fetal viability | Legislature | Approved [19] | Question 1 | Enshrines abortion in the Maryland Constitution [39] | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| Minnesota | All stages | Legislature | Died in legislature | Equal Under the Law | Enshrines abortion [40] | — | >50% [d] | N/A |
| Missouri | Banned | Citizens | On ballot | Amendment 3 | Enshrines abortion until fetal viability [41] | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| Montana | Fetal viability | Citizens | On ballot | CI-128 | Enshrines abortion until fetal viability or to protect health of the mother [42] | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| Nebraska | 12th week | Citizens | On ballot | Initiative 434 | Prohibits abortion after the first trimester [43] | Nov 5 | >50% [e] | TBD |
| Citizens | On ballot | Initiative 439 | Enshrines abortion until fetal viability [44] | TBD | ||||
| Nevada | 24th week | Citizens | Approved, [45] must pass again in 2026 to be added. | Question 6 | Enshrines abortion until fetal viability or to protect health of the mother [46] | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| New York | 24th week and fetal viability | Legislature | On ballot | Proposal 1 | Prohibit a person's rights from being denied based on the person's reproductive choices, among others [47] | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| Pennsylvania | 24th week | Legislature | Not re-approved | No State Constitutional Right to Abortion | Amends the Pennsylvania Constitution to state that no abortion-related rights are given by the document [48] | — | >50% | N/A |
| South Dakota | Banned | Citizens | On ballot | Amendment G | Enshrines abortion during the first trimester, with limits on regulation during the second trimester [49] | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| Wisconsin | 22nd week | Legislature | Died in legislature | 14-Week Abortion Ban | Prohibits abortion after the 14th week [50] | — | >50% | N/A |
| State | Origin | Status | Measure | Description (Result of a "yes" vote) | Date | % req. | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alaska | Citizens | On ballot | Ballot Measure 2 | Repeals the state's top-four primaries and ranked-choice elections. [51] | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| Arizona | Legislature | Failed [52] | Proposition 133 | Prohibits nonpartisan blanket primaries. [53] | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| Citizens | Failed [52] | Proposition 140 | Requires ranked-choice voting to be used in general elections, and creates nonpartisan blanket primaries. [54] | TBD | |||
| Colorado | Citizens | Failed [12] | Proposition 131 | Implements a top-four nonpartisan blanket primary; with ranked-choice voting for the general election for state and federal offices. [55] | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| District of Columbia | Citizens | On ballot | Initiative 83 | Allows independent voters to participate in partisan primaries and implements ranked-choice voting. [56] | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| Idaho | Legislature | On ballot | Citizenship Requirement for Voting | Prohibits state and local governments from allowing non-citizens to vote. [57] | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| Citizens | On ballot | Proposition 1 | Implements a top-four nonpartisan blanket primary; with ranked-choice voting for the general election for state, county, and federal offices. [58] | TBD | |||
| Kentucky | Legislature | On ballot | Amendment 1 | Prohibits state and local governments from allowing non-citizens to vote. [59] | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| Missouri | Legislature | On ballot | Amendment 7 | Prohibits state and local governments from allowing non-citizens to vote, and ban ranked-choice voting in the state. [60] | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| Montana | Citizens | On ballot | CI-126 | Implements top-four primaries for state and federal offices. [61] | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| Citizens | On ballot | CI-127 | Requires the state to adopt an election system where the winner must receive a majority of the vote. [62] | TBD | |||
| Nevada | Citizens | Failed [26] | Question 3 | Implements a top-five nonpartisan blanket primary; with ranked-choice voting for the general election for state and federal offices. [63] | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| North Carolina | Legislature | Approved [64] | Citizenship Requirement for Voting | Prohibits state and local governments from allowing non-citizens to vote. [65] | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| Oklahoma | Legislature | Approved [66] | Citizenship Requirement for Voting | Prohibits state and local governments from allowing non-citizens to vote. [67] | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| Oregon | Legislature | On ballot | Measure 117 | Implements ranked-choice voting for primary and general elections for statewide executive and federal offices. [68] | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| South Carolina | Legislature | Approved [69] | Citizenship Requirement for Voting | Prohibits state and local governments from allowing non-citizens to vote. [70] | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| South Dakota | Citizens | Failed [71] | Amendment H | Implements top-two primaries for state, county, and federal offices. [72] | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| Wisconsin | Legislature | Approved [73] | Citizenship Voting Requirement | Prohibits state and local governments from allowing non-citizens to vote. [74] | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| State | Origin | Status | Measure | Description (Result of a "yes" vote) | Date | % req. | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arkansas | Citizens | On ballot, votes will not be counted [75] | Issue 3 | Adds a new subsection to the state constitution that would prohibit legislators from changing or repealing constitutional amendments without approval from voters unless the amendment expressly allows them to do so. This measure also expands the current medical marijuana program to allow physicians to recommend marijuana to patients for any debillitating medical condition and allows the growing of up to 14 plants for patients at least 21 years of age. | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| Florida | Citizens | Failed [76] | Amendment 3 | Legalizes possession of up to 3 ounces of marijuana for adults aged 21 and over, allows Medical Marijuana Treatment Centers, and other state licensed entities, to acquire, process and distribute cannabis products. | Nov 5 | >60% | TBD |
| Nebraska | Citizens | Approved despite legal challenges [77] | Initiative 437 | Legalizes the use of up to five ounces of marijuana for medical use by qualified patients. | Nov 5 | >60% | TBD |
| North Dakota | Legislature | Failed [78] | Constitutional Measure 5 | Legalizes production, processing, and sale of marijuana for recreational use for adults 21 and older. | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| South Dakota | Citizens | Failed [79] | Initiated Measure 29 | Legalizes the possession of, distribution and recreational usage of marijuana for adults 21 or older. [80] | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| State | Origin | Status | Measure | Description (Result of a "yes" vote) | Date | % req. | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arizona | Legislature | Approved [52] | Proposition 313 | Requires life imprisonment for people convicted of child sex trafficking. | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| Legislature | Approved [52] | Proposition 314 | Makes it a state crime for noncitizens to unlawfully enter the state and allows police to arrest them for doing so; allows state judges to order deportations; requires the immigration status of individuals to be determined before enrollment in a financial aid or public welfare program; makes it a class 6 felony to submit false documents to employers to evade detection of employment eligibility, or to apply for public benefits; and makes it a class 2 felony if a person knowingly sells fentanyl and results in a death of another person. | Nov 5 | TBD | ||
| California | Citizens | On ballot | Proposition 36 | Classifies certain drug offenses as felonies; increases penalties for certain drug crimes; increases sentences for theft depending on property value. | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| Colorado | Legislature | Approved [12] | Amendment I | Removes right to bail for first-degree murder when proof is evident. | Nov 5 | 55% | TBD |
| Citizens | Approved [12] | Proposition 128 | Requires offenders convicted of certain violent crimes to serve at least 85% of their sentence before being eligible for parole; requires offenders with two prior violent crime convictions to serve their full sentence before beginning parole. | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD | |
| Citizens | Approved [12] | Proposition 130 | Provides $350 million in additional funding to law enforcement to help recruit, train, and retain police officers; provides additional benefits to families of officers killed in the line of duty. [81] | Nov 5 | TBD | ||
| State | Origin | Status | Measure | Description (Result of a "yes" vote) | Date | % req. | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alaska | Citizens | On ballot | Ballot Measure 1 | Increases the minimum wage to $15/hr (currently $11.73/hr) by July 2027; provides 40-56 hours of paid sick leave a year depending on employer size; protects employees from being required to attend meetings on political and religious matters. | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| Arizona | Legislature | Failed [52] | Proposition 138 | Permits employers to pay tipped employees up to 25% less than the minimum wage (currently $14.35/hr), but only if the employee received the minimum wage plus $2 for every hour worked. | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| California | Citizens | On ballot | Proposition 32 | Increases the minimum wage to $18/hr (currently $16/hr) by 2026, subject to annual increase based on inflation. | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| Massachusetts | Citizens | On ballot | Question 5 | Increases the minimum wage for tipped employees (currently $6.75/hr) to the state minimum wage of $15/hr by 2029 while continuing to permit tipping. | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| Missouri | Citizens | On ballot | Proposition A | Increases the minimum wage to $15/hr (currently $12.30/hr) by 2026; requires 1 hour of paid sick leave per 30 hours worked. | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| Nebraska | Citizens | On ballot | Initiative 436 | Requires between five and seven days of paid sick leave for employees depending on the size of the business. | Nov 5 | >50% [f] | TBD |
| State | Origin | Status | Measure | Description (Result of a "yes" vote) | Date | % req. | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| California | Legislature | On ballot | Proposition 3 | Repeals 2008's Proposition 8, which outlawed same-sex marriage in the state. | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| Colorado | Legislature | Approved [12] | Amendment J | Repeals 2006's Amendment 43, which outlawed same-sex marriage in the state. | Nov 5 | >50% | TBD |
| Hawaii | Legislature | On ballot | 2802 HD1 | Repeals the state legislature's authority to restrict same-sex marriage. | Nov 5 | >50% [g] | TBD |
NOTE: proposed amendments, whether initiated by the legislature or by citizen petition, must receive 60% in favor in order to pass.
As of September 2024, six ballot measures have been certified to appear on the 2024 general election ballot:
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A popular initiative is a form of direct democracy by which a petition meeting certain hurdles can force a legal procedure on a proposition.
In California, a ballot proposition is a referendum or an initiative measure that is submitted to the electorate for a direct decision or direct vote. If passed, it can alter one or more of the articles of the Constitution of California, one or more of the 29 California Codes, or another law in the California Statutes by clarifying current or adding statute(s) or removing current statute(s).
In the politics of the United States, the process of initiatives and referendums allow citizens of many U.S. states to place legislation on the ballot for a referendum or popular vote, either enacting new legislation, or voting down existing legislation. Citizens, or an organization, might start a popular initiative to gather a predetermined number of signatures to qualify the measure for the ballot. The measure is placed on the ballot for the referendum, or actual vote.
California's state elections were held November 3, 1992. Necessary primary elections were held on March 3. Up for election were all the seats of the State Assembly, 20 seats of the State Senate, and fifteen ballot measures.
The California state elections, November 2010 were held on November 2, 2010.
The California state elections was held on Election Day, November 6, 2012. On the ballot were eleven propositions, various parties' nominees for the United States presidency, the Class I Senator to the United States Senate, all of California's seats to the House of Representatives, all of the seats of the State Assembly, and all odd-numbered seats of the State Senate.
The California state elections in 2020 were held on Tuesday, November 3, 2020. Unlike previous election cycles, the primary elections were held on Super Tuesday, March 3, 2020.
California state elections in 2018 were held on Tuesday, November 6, 2018, with the primary elections being held on June 5, 2018. Voters elected one member to the United States Senate, 53 members to the United States House of Representatives, all eight state constitutional offices, all four members to the Board of Equalization, 20 members to the California State Senate, and all 80 members to the California State Assembly, among other elected offices.
California Proposition 6 was a measure that was submitted to California voters as part of the November 2018 election. The ballot measure proposed a repeal of the Road Repair and Accountability Act, which is also known as Senate Bill 1. The measure failed with about 57% of the voters against and 43% in favor.
California Proposition 19 (2020), also referred to as Assembly Constitutional Amendment No. 11, is an amendment of the Constitution of California that was narrowly approved by voters in the general election on November 3, 2020, with just over 51% of the vote. The legislation increases the property tax burden on owners of inherited property to provide expanded property tax benefits to homeowners ages 55 years and older, disabled homeowners, and victims of natural disasters, and fund wildfire response. According to the California Legislative Analyst, Proposition 19 is a large net tax increase "of hundreds of millions of dollars per year."
The 2022 California elections took place on November 8, 2022. The statewide direct primary election was held on June 7, 2022.
Elections in the U.S. state of California took place on November 5, 2024, with the statewide direct primary election being held on March 5, 2024.
Proposition 1, titled Constitutional Right to Reproductive Freedom and initially known as Senate Constitutional Amendment 10 (SCA 10), was a California ballot proposition and state constitutional amendment that was voted on in the 2022 general election on November 8. Passing with more than two-thirds of the vote, the proposition amended the Constitution of California to explicitly grant the right to an abortion and contraceptives, making California among the first states in the nation to codify the right. The decision to propose the codification of abortion rights in the state constitution was precipitated in May 2022 by Politico's publishing of a leaked draft opinion showing the United States Supreme Court overturning Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood v. Casey in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization. The decision reversed judicial precedent that previously held that the United States Constitution protected the right to an abortion.
2022 Michigan Proposal 3, the Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative, also known as Reproductive Freedom for All, was a citizen-initiated proposed constitutional amendment in the state of Michigan, which was voted on as part of the 2022 Michigan elections. The amendment, which passed, codified reproductive rights, including access to abortion, in the Constitution of Michigan.
The following is a list of ballot measures which were on the ballot for the 2022 United States elections. Some were held prior to the federal elections on November 8. Many were initiated by state legislatures, while others were initiated by public petitions. In all, there were 141 ballot measures on ballots across most U.S. states and the District of Columbia at any point throughout the year.
The 2024 Nevada state elections took place on November 5, 2024. On that date, the State of Nevada held elections for U.S. President, U.S. Senate, U.S. House of Representatives, Nevada Assembly, and various others. In addition, 10 of the 21 seats in the Nevada Senate were up for election, and several measures were on the ballot.
As 2023 coincides neither with the calendar for regular federal elections nor with most elections for state offices, most 2023 ballot measures either coincided with municipal or judicial elections or were held on separate dates as the sole questions on the ballot. With 47 ballot measures sent to the statewide ballot in multiple states, 2023 had the highest number of statewide ballot measures approved for the ballot in an odd-year election since 2007, when 45 measures were certified for statewide ballots. Ballot measures were also held at the local and tribal level.
Nebraska Initiative 434, officially titled "Nebraska Protect Women & Children Initiative" or "Prohibit Abortions After the First Trimester Amendment", and listed on the ballot as Initiative Measure 434, was a proposed constitutional amendment that appeared on the November 5, 2024 ballot in Nebraska. It amends the Nebraska Constitution to ban elective abortions in the second and third trimester, though it allows more restrictive laws such as the 12-week ban passed by the Legislature in 2023, which like the constitutional amendment includes exceptions for rape, incest and medical emergencies. Initiative 434 and Initiative 439 were mutually exclusive; only the one with more votes in favor would become law in the event both amendments passed.