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A popular initiative is a form of direct democracy by which a petition meeting certain hurdles can force a legal procedure on a proposition.
In California, a ballot proposition is a referendum or an initiative measure that is submitted to the electorate for a direct decision or direct vote. If passed, it can alter one or more of the articles of the Constitution of California, one or more of the 29 California Codes, or another law in the California Statutes by clarifying current or adding statute(s) or removing current statute(s).
In the politics of the United States, the process of initiatives and referendums allow citizens of many U.S. states to place legislation on the ballot for a referendum or popular vote, either enacting new legislation, or voting down existing legislation. Citizens, or an organization, might start a popular initiative to gather a predetermined number of signatures to qualify the measure for the ballot. The measure is placed on the ballot for the referendum, or actual vote.
A legislative referral is a referendum in which a legislature puts proposed legislation up for popular vote. This may either be voluntarily or, as is the case in many countries for a constitutional amendment, as a mandatory part of the procedure for passing a law. These referrals, depending on the location, can either amend a constitution or enact a change in statute. It is a form of direct democracy. In some places it is known as an authorities referendum,authorities plebiscite, government initiated referendum, or top-down referendum It may originate from the legislative branch, executive branch, or a combination of the two.
California's state elections were held November 3, 1992. Necessary primary elections were held on March 3. Up for election were all the seats of the State Assembly, 20 seats of the State Senate, and fifteen ballot measures.
The California state elections, November 2010 were held on November 2, 2010.
The California state elections was held on Election Day, November 6, 2012. On the ballot were eleven propositions, various parties' nominees for the United States presidency, the Class I Senator to the United States Senate, all of California's seats to the House of Representatives, all of the seats of the State Assembly, and all odd-numbered seats of the State Senate.
In California state elections, 2014 was the first year in which the top statewide offices were elected under the nonpartisan blanket primary, pursuant to Proposition 14, which passed with 53% voter approval in June 2010. Under this system, which first went into effect during the 2012 election year, all candidates appear on the same ballot, regardless of party. In the primary, voters may vote for any candidate, regardless of their party affiliation. The top two finishers, regardless of party, then advance to face each other in the general election in November.
The California state elections in 2020 were held on Tuesday, November 3, 2020. Unlike previous election cycles, the primary elections were held on Super Tuesday, March 3, 2020.
California state elections in 2018 were held on Tuesday, November 6, 2018, with the primary elections being held on June 5, 2018. Voters elected one member to the United States Senate, 53 members to the United States House of Representatives, all eight state constitutional offices, all four members to the Board of Equalization, 20 members to the California State Senate, and all 80 members to the California State Assembly, among other elected offices.
California Proposition 69 was a legislatively referred constitutional amendment that appeared on ballots in California in the June primary election in 2018. This measure put the revenue from the Road Repair and Accountability Act, which increased fuel taxes, in a "lockbox" so that it can only be used for transportation-related purposes. It also exempts said gas tax revenue from the previously existing appropriations mandate and expenditures limit. This state constitution amendment ensures that revenues from SB1 Gas Taxes established by the Road Repair and Accountability Act of 2017 can only be used for transportation-related purposes.
Elections were held in Illinois on Tuesday, November 3, 1970.
Montana I-190, the Montana Marijuana Legalization and Tax Initiative was a cannabis legalization initiative that appeared on the November 3, 2020 Montana general election ballot. Passing with 57% approval, the initiative legalized recreational marijuana in the state effective January 1, 2021. Along with Arizona, New Jersey and South Dakota, Montana was one of four states that legalized cannabis via ballot measures in the November 2020 election.
California Proposition 19 (2020), also referred to as Assembly Constitutional Amendment No. 11, is an amendment of the Constitution of California that was narrowly approved by voters in the general election on November 3, 2020, with just over 51% of the vote. The legislation increases the property tax burden on owners of inherited property to provide expanded property tax benefits to homeowners ages 55 years and older, disabled homeowners, and victims of natural disasters, and fund wildfire response. According to the California Legislative Analyst, Proposition 19 is a large net tax increase "of hundreds of millions of dollars per year."
Elections in the U.S. state of California took place on November 5, 2024, with the statewide direct primary election being held on March 5, 2024.
The following is a list of ballot measures which were on the ballot for the 2022 United States elections. Some were held prior to the federal elections on November 8. Many were initiated by state legislatures, while others were initiated by public petitions. In all, there were 141 ballot measures on ballots across most U.S. states and the District of Columbia at any point throughout the year.
The following is a list of ballot measures, whether initiated by legislators or citizens, which had been certified to appear on various states' ballots during the 2024 United States elections. Those which did not make on the ballot are included on the page but their status is noted that they did not appear on the ballot.
References
- ↑ "Arkansas Issue 2, Voter ID Amendment (2018)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ↑ "Arkansas Issue 5, Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2018)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ↑ "Arizona Proposition 127, Renewable Energy Standards Initiative (2018)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ↑ "California Proposition 68, Parks, Environment, and Water Bond (June 2018)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ↑ "California Proposition 69, Transportation Taxes and Fees Lockbox and Appropriations Limit Exemption Amendment (June 2018)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ↑ "California Proposition 70, Vote Requirement to Use Cap-and-Trade Revenue Amendment (June 2018)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ↑ "California Proposition 71, Effective Date of Ballot Measures Amendment (June 2018)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ↑ "California Proposition 2, Use Millionaire's Tax Revenue for Homelessness Prevention Housing Bonds Measure (2018)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ↑ "California Proposition 3, Water Infrastructure and Watershed Conservation Bond Initiative (2018)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ↑ "California Proposition 4, Children's Hospital Bonds Initiative (2018)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ↑ "California Proposition 5, Property Tax Transfer Initiative (2018)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ↑ "California Proposition 6, Voter Approval for Future Gas and Vehicle Taxes and 2017 Tax Repeal Initiative (2018)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ↑ "California Proposition 7, Legislative Power to Change Daylight Saving Time Measure (2018)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ↑ "California Proposition 8, Limits on Dialysis Clinics' Revenue and Required Refunds Initiative (2018)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ↑ "California Proposition 10, Local Rent Control Initiative (2018)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ↑ "California Proposition 11, Ambulance Employees Paid On-Call Breaks, Training, and Mental Health Services Initiative (2018)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ↑ "California Proposition 12, Farm Animal Confinement Initiative (2018)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ↑ "California Proposition 9, Three States Initiative (2018)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ↑ "Nevada Question 5, Automatic Voter Registration via DMV Initiative (2018)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved January 3, 2024.