2018 Maine gubernatorial election

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2018 Maine gubernatorial election
Flag of Maine.svg
←  2014 November 6, 2018 (2018-11-06) 2022  →
Registered1,058,893 [1] [2] (Increase2.svg 4.36 pp)
Turnout61.24% [3] (Decrease2.svg 1.13 pp)
  Janet Mills Maine AG 2013.jpg No image.svg No image.svg
Nominee Janet Mills Shawn Moody Terry Hayes
Party Democratic Republican Independent
Popular vote320,962272,31137,268
Percentage50.89%43.18%5.91%
2018 Maine gubernatorial election results map by county.svg
2018 Maine gubernatorial election results map by municipality.svg
2018 Maine Governor Results By Congressional District.svg
Mills:     40–50%     50–60%     60–70%     70–80%     80–90%     >90%
Moody:     40–50%     50–60%     60–70%     70–80%     80–90%     >90%
Tie:     
Governor before election

Paul LePage
Republican

Elected Governor

Janet Mills
Democratic

The 2018 Maine gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 2018, to elect the governor of Maine. It occurred along with elections for the U.S. Senate, U.S. House, and other state and local elections. Incumbent Republican governor Paul LePage was term-limited and could not seek re-election to a third consecutive term; he later unsuccessfully sought a third term in 2022. [4] This was one of eight Republican-held governorships up for election in a state carried by Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election.

Contents

The primaries for this election were the first in Maine to be conducted with ranked choice voting (RCV), as opposed to a simple plurality, after voters passed a citizen referendum approving the change in 2016. [5] An advisory opinion by the Maine Supreme Judicial Court held that RCV would be unconstitutional for general elections for governor and the state legislature. This led state legislators to vote to delay its implementation pending approval of a state constitutional amendment. [6] [7] Backers of a "people's veto" turned in enough signatures to suspend this law until a June referendum vote, which restored RCV for future primary and congressional elections. [8]

Governor Paul LePage threatened not to certify the results of the primary elections, saying he would "leave it up to the courts to decide." [9] He also called the use of ranked-choice voting the "most horrific thing in the world." [10] Secretary of State Matthew Dunlap said the results would be binding regardless of whether LePage certified them. [11]

The Republican nominee was businessman and 2010 independent candidate for governor Shawn Moody. The Democratic candidate was Attorney General Janet Mills. State Treasurer Terry Hayes and businessman Alan Caron had qualified for the ballot as independents, though Caron dropped out on October 29 and endorsed Mills. Former state senator and former mayor of Lewiston and Auburn John Jenkins and perennial candidate Kenneth Capron ran write-in campaigns.

Mills defeated Moody and Hayes with a majority to become the first female governor of Maine. This was the first election since 2006 that Maine elected a Democratic governor. Mills was also the first gubernatorial candidate to win at least 50% of the vote since Angus King in 1998, and the first non-incumbent to do so since Kenneth M. Curtis in 1966. Mills also became the first Maine gubernatorial candidate to earn 300,000 votes and received more votes for governor than any other candidate in state history. This also marks the first gubernatorial election since 1982 that a Democrat would win a majority of the popular vote. [12]

Background

Incumbent Republican Paul LePage was term-limited, having been elected twice consecutively in 2010 and 2014. LePage did not win a majority of the vote either time (receiving 37.6% in a crowded four-way race in 2010 and 48.2% in a three-way race in 2014), with Democrats accusing independent candidate Eliot Cutler of splitting the anti-LePage vote in both instances, though Cutler finished closer to LePage than Democratic candidate Libby Mitchell in the 2010 election. [13]

Maine's history of governors elected without majorities, including LePage, was one impetus for the citizen's referendum to implement ranked choice voting. [14] [15] Indeed, the last time a gubernatorial candidate received a majority of the vote was in 1998, when incumbent governor (and current United States Senator) Angus King, an independent, won reelection with 58.6% of the vote. The last time a non-incumbent candidate received more than 50% of the vote was the 1966 gubernatorial election, which Democrat Kenneth M. Curtis won over incumbent Republican John H. Reed with 53.1% of the vote.

Though ranked-choice voting was approved by voters in a 2016 referendum, the Maine Legislature voted to delay and potentially repeal RCV for all elections after an advisory opinion by the Maine Supreme Judicial Court ruled it unconstitutional for general elections for state offices. RCV supporters succeeded in a people's veto effort to prevent the delay, which suspends it until a June 2018 referendum vote. [16] RCV supporters were victorious in the June referendum, and ranked-choice voting will remain in place for state and federal primaries and federal general elections. [17]

Republican primary

Speculation that U.S. Senator Susan Collins was considering running for governor arose during the 2015 Maine Legislative session when Representative Matt Moonen (D-Portland) introduced a bill to strip the governor (LePage at the time) of the power to appoint replacement U.S. Senators in the event of a vacancy and to instead have a special primary and general election. Moonen denied that he was motivated by Collins's possible candidacy, saying he was interested only in counterbalancing Republican-sponsored bills to change how the Maine Attorney General and Maine Secretary of State are chosen. Moonen said Collins had told him speculation about her running for governor was "silly." [18] Collins, who was the 1994 Republican nominee for Governor, told MPBN News on January 4, 2016, that though she was "baffled" by the rumors about her being interested in running for governor, many had encouraged her to run, and she would not rule it out. [19] In October 2017, Collins said she would not run for governor in 2018. [20]

No Republican candidate ruled out challenging the results of a ranked-choice primary in court. Mary Mayhew called for the immediate repeal of RCV, calling it a "scam" and "probably illegal". [21]

The Maine Republican Party filed a federal lawsuit in U.S. District Court in Bangor on May 4, 2018, seeking to bar the use of RCV for its own primary on the grounds that requiring the party to use it violates its First Amendment rights to choose its nominee as it sees fit. [22] U.S. District Court Judge Jon Levy rejected the suit on May 29. [23]

Candidates

Nominated

  • Shawn Moody, businessman and independent candidate for governor in 2010 [24]

Eliminated in primary

Withdrawn

Declined

Endorsements

Ken Fredette

Federal politicians

  • Marco Rubio, United States senator from Florida and 2016 presidential candidate [36]
Garrett Mason

Federal politicians

  • Ted Cruz, United States senator from Texas and 2016 presidential candidate [37]
Mary Mayhew

Federal politicians

Local and state politicians

  • Susan Austin, state representative [39]
  • Richard Bradstreet, state representative [39]
  • Richard Campbell, state representative [39]
  • Paul Chace, state representative [39]
  • Garrel Craig, state representative [39]
  • Scott Cyrway, state senator [39]
  • Robert Foley, state representative [39]
  • Phyllis Ginzler, state representative [39]
  • James Hamper, state senator [39]
  • Jeffery Hanley, state representative [39]
  • Matthew Harrington, state representative [39]
  • Stephanie Hawke, state representative [39]
  • Gary Hilliard, state representative [39]
  • Chris Johansen, state representative [39]
  • Jonathan Kinney, state representative [39]
  • Bob Macdonald, former mayor of Lewiston [40]
  • Richard Malaby, state representative [39]
  • Beth O'Connor, state representative [39]
  • Lester Ordway, state representative [39]
  • Michael Perkins, state representative [39]
  • John Picchiotti, state representative [39]
  • Jeffrey Pierce, state representative [39]
  • Dwayne Prescott, state representative [39]
  • Deborah Sanderson, state representative [39]
  • H. Stedman Seavey, state representative [39]
  • Abden Simmons, state representative [39]
  • Paula Sutton, state representative [39]
  • Timothy Theriault, state representative [39]
  • Karleton Ward, state representative [39]

Other individuals

Shawn Moody

Individuals

Newspapers

Polling

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		RCV
round		Ken
Fredette		Garrett
Mason		Mary
Mayhew		Shawn
Moody		Undecided
SurveyUSA [45] April 26 – May 1, 2018546± 4.8%Round 110%15%19%34%22%
Round 2–25%26%49%–
Round 3––34%65%
Hypothetical polling
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		Susan
Collins		Mary
Mayhew		OtherUndecided
Public Policy Polling [46] August 1–2, 2017672–33%44%–23%
28%–62%10%

Results

Results by county .mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{} Moody 30-40% 40-50% 50-60% 60-70% 2018MEgovGOP.svg
Results by county
  Moody
  •   30–40%
  •   40–50%
  •   50–60%
  •   60–70%
Republican primary results [47]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Shawn Moody 53,436 52.6
Republican Garrett Mason21,57121.2
Republican Mary Mayhew14,03413.8
Republican Blank ballots7,2037.1
Republican Ken Fredette5,3415.3
Total votes101,585 100.0

Democratic primary

Campaign signs for Democratic candidates for Governor Betsy Sweet, Mark Eves and Adam Cote at the 2018 Maine Democratic convention at the Androscoggin Bank Colisee in Lewiston Maine Democratic Signs.jpg
Campaign signs for Democratic candidates for Governor Betsy Sweet, Mark Eves and Adam Cote at the 2018 Maine Democratic convention at the Androscoggin Bank Colisée in Lewiston

Almost all Democratic candidates said that they would abide by the results of the ranked-choice primary, with only Janet Mills refusing to comment on the issue because it was being heard by the courts. [21]

Candidates

Nominated

Eliminated in primary

Failed to make ballot

  • Dominic A. Crocitto [55]
  • Steve DeAngelis, schoolteacher [56]
  • J. Martin Vachon [57]

Withdrawn

Declined

Endorsements

All endorsers are Democrats unless otherwise specified.

Adam Cote

Federal politicians

Local and state politicians

Organizations

  • Maine Council of Machinists [74]

Newspapers

Steve DeAngelis (failed to make ballot)

Individuals

Mark Dion

Local and state politicians

  • Benjamin Collings, state representative [77]

Other individuals

Mark Eves

Local and state politicians

Individuals

Organizations

Janet Mills

Local and state politicians

Other individuals

Organizations

Diane Russell

Organizations

Betsy Sweet

Local and state politicians

Other individuals

Organizations

Polling

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		RCV
round		Adam
Cote		Donna
Dion		Mark
Dion		Mark
Eves		Janet
Mills		Diane
Russell		Betsy
Sweet		Undecided
SurveyUSA [45] April 26 – May 1, 2018649± 4.2%Round 19%2%10%16%32%4%5%24%
Round 213%–13%20%42%5%6%
Round 313%–13%22%43%–8%
Round 414%–15%24%48%––
Round 5––19%26%55%––

Results

Results by county Mills 20-30% 30-40% 40-50% 50-60% 60-70% Cote 30-40% Maine Governor Democratic Primary Election Results by County, 2018.svg
Results by county
  Mills
  •   20–30%
  •   30–40%
  •   40–50%
  •   50–60%
  •   60–70%
  Cote
  •   30–40%
Democratic primary results [47]
PartyCandidateRound 1Round 2Round 3Round 4
Votes%TransferVotes%TransferVotes%TransferVotes%
Democratic Janet Mills41,73533.1%+ 2,30744,04235.5%+ 5,90349,94540.8%+ 13,43963,38454.1%
Democratic Adam Cote35,47828.1%+ 2,06537,54330.2%+ 5,08042,62334.8%+ 11,24353,86645.9%
Democratic Betsy Sweet20,76716.5%+ 2,22022,98718.5%+ 6,95729,94424.4%- 29,944Eliminated
Democratic Mark Eves17,88714.2%+ 1,63419,52115.7%- 19,521Eliminated
Democratic Mark Dion5,2004.1%- 5,200Eliminated
Democratic Diane Russell2,7282.2%- 2,728Eliminated
Democratic Donna Dion1,5961.3%- 1,596Eliminated
Democratic Write-ins7480.6%- 748Eliminated
Total votes132,250100.0%

Green Independent primary

Candidates

Withdrawn

Libertarian primary

Candidates

Withdrawn

Independents

Candidates

Declared

  • Kenneth A. Capron, perennial candidate, systems analyst and fraud investigator [110] ^ (write-in candidate)
  • Terry Hayes, Maine State Treasurer [59]
  • John Jenkins, former mayor of Lewiston, former mayor of Auburn and former Democratic state senator [111] [112] ^ (write-in candidate)

^ Capron and Jenkins failed to qualify for the ballot, but continued their campaigns as write-in candidates.

Withdrawn

  • Ethan Alcorn, businessman (did not qualify) [113]
  • Alan Caron, president and CEO of Envision Maine (endorsed Mills) [114]
  • Aaron D. Chadbourne, writer and activist [115] (write-in candidate, endorsed Moody) [116]

Failed to make ballot

  • Karmo Sanders, actress [117]

Declined

General election

After the primaries, most prediction models had the race as a tossup, noting Paul LePage's two victories and Hillary Clinton's narrow margin of victory in the state in the 2016 presidential election. Others considered it to be a pick-up opportunity for the Democrats. [121] Both Moody and Mills received the backing of outside money, with one PAC spending in excess of $1 million on television advertising in the state to support Mills's candidacy. [122]

On October 12, Jonathan Martin of The New York Times published an article detailing a sex discrimination complaint filed against Moody and his business in 2006, which Moody settled for $20,000, resulting in the complaint being withdrawn. The complaint alleged that Moody went to the residence of a female employee and fired her for having a child just days after delivering the child via an emergency caesarean section. [123] Moody denied the allegation through a spokesperson and later on Twitter. [124]

Though the first poll of the race saw Mills and Moody tied for first place with Hayes and Caron lagging behind, by the end of October, four different polls were released, each showing Mills with an eight-point lead over Moody. FiveThirtyEight declared the race "Likely D" when its gubernatorial projections were released in October, though other prediction models maintained the race as a tossup.

On October 29, in a press conference at the main branch of the Portland Public Library, Caron dropped out of the race and endorsed Mills. His name remained on the ballot, but any votes cast for him were regarded as blank. [125]

Shortly before 10 pm on election night, Hayes conceded the race. [126] At 12:15 am on November 7, Moody conceded the race to Mills, and shortly thereafter Mills declared victory at Democratic headquarters in Portland. [126] Mills became the first Maine gubernatorial candidate to receive more than 300,000 votes in a single election. Mills also became the first Maine gubernatorial candidate to win a majority of the vote since Angus King won nearly 59% of the vote in his re-election bid in 1998, and became the first candidate to win a majority of the popular vote for a first term since Kenneth M. Curtis defeated incumbent governor John H. Reed in 1966, though Curtis and Reed were the only candidates in that race.

The general election used plurality voting, not ranked-choice voting.

Predictions

SourceRankingAs of
The Cook Political Report [127] TossupOctober 26, 2018
The Washington Post [128] TossupNovember 5, 2018
FiveThirtyEight [129] Likely D (flip)November 5, 2018
Rothenberg Political Report [130] Tilt D (flip)November 1, 2018
Sabato's Crystal Ball [131] Lean D (flip)November 5, 2018
RealClearPolitics [132] Lean D (flip)November 4, 2018
Daily Kos [133] TossupNovember 5, 2018
Fox News [134] [a] TossupNovember 5, 2018
Politico [135] TossupNovember 5, 2018
Governing [136] TossupNovember 5, 2018
Notes
  1. ↑ The Fox News Midterm Power Rankings uniquely does not contain a category for Safe/Solid races

Endorsements

Terry Hayes (I)

Local and state politicians

Individuals

  • Eliot Cutler, attorney and independent candidate for governor (2010 and 2014) [141]

Organizations

Janet Mills (D)

National politicians

Local and state politicians

Other individuals

Organizations

Trade unions

Media

Shawn Moody (R)

Local and state politicians

Other individuals

Organizations

Debates

DatesLocationMillsMoodyHayesCaronLink
October 10, 2018 Portland, Maine ParticipantParticipantParticipantParticipant Full debate - C-SPAN
October 25, 2018 Augusta, Maine ParticipantParticipantParticipantParticipant Full debate - C-SPAN

Polling

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		Shawn
Moody (R)		Janet
Mills (D)		Terry
Hayes (I)		Alan
Caron (I)		OtherUndecided
Slingshot Strategies (I-Hayes) [167] November 1, 2018518–38%55%7%–––
Emerson College [168] October 27–29, 2018883± 3.5%42%50%––5%4%
Pan Atlantic Research [169] October 1–7, 2018500± 4.4%36%44%8%2%–10%
Change Research [170] September 30 – October 1, 2018801–44%52%––––
Slingshot Strategies (I-Hayes) [171] September 26–30, 2018600–33%41%10%2%0%13%
Suffolk University [172] August 2–6, 2018500± 4.4%39%39%4%3%–16%
Hypothetical polling

if ranked-choice voting were used

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		Shawn
Moody (R)		Janet
Mills (D)		Terry
Hayes (I)		Alan
Caron (I)		Undecided
Slingshot Strategies (I-Hayes) [167] November 1, 2018518–37%49%11%–3%
Slingshot Strategies (I-Hayes) [173] September 26–30, 2018600–42%45%9%4%–

Results

Maine gubernatorial election, 2018 [174]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Democratic Janet Mills 320,962 50.89% +7.52%
Republican Shawn Moody272,31143.18%−5.01%
Independent Terry Hayes 37,2685.91%N/A
Write-in 1260.02%N/A
Total votes630,667 100.00% N/A
Democratic gain from Republican

By county

Janet Mills
(Democratic)		 Shawn Moody
(Republican)		 Terry Hayes
(Independent)		MarginTotal
CountyVotes %Votes %Votes %Votes %Votes
Androscoggin 19,80143.96%21,90348.63%3,3377.41%-2,102-4.67%45,041
Aroostook 10,36038.23%14,49853.51%2,2388.26%-4,138-15.28%27,096
Cumberland 95,34661.19%53,08834.07%7,3734.73%42,25827.12%155,807
Franklin 7,08350.32%6,25444.43%7385.24%8295.89%14,075
Hancock 15,22854.13%11,35640.37%1,5495.51%3,87213.76%28,133
Kennebec 26,77747.86%25,75246.03%3,4226.12%1,0251.83%55,951
Knox 11,69157.39%7,69437.77%9854.84%3,99719.62%20,370
Lincoln 9,67650.88%8,32443.77%1,0195.36%1,3527.11%19,019
Oxford 10,51041.06%12,34248.22%2,74210.71%-1,832-7.16%25,594
Penobscot 29,00445.17%31,57249.17%3,6405.67%-2,568-4.00%64,216
Piscataquis 2,88738.70%4,10955.08%4646.22%-1,222-16.38%7,460
Sagadahoc 10,15253.22%7,71440.44%1,2106.34%2,43812.78%19,076
Somerset 8,52441.03%11,04853.18%1,2045.80%-2,524-12.15%20,776
Waldo 10,10951.61%8,39742.87%1,0835.53%1,7128.74%19,589
Washington 5,73643.99%6,53350.10%7705.91%-797-6.11%13,039
York 48,07850.45%41,72743.79%5,4945.77%6,3516.66%95,299

Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic

By congressional district

Mills won 1 of the 2 congressional districts. Moody won the other, which elected a Democrat. [175]

DistrictMillsMoodyHayesRepresentative
1st 55.89%38.85%5.26% Chellie Pingree
2nd 44.99%48.34%6.68% Jared Golden

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The 2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine were held on November 3, 2020, to elect the two U.S. representatives from the state of Maine, one from each of the state's two congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2020 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections. The election was conducted with ranked choice voting, as per the result of a referendum passed in 2016.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2019 Portland, Maine, mayoral election</span>

Portland, Maine, held an election for mayor on November 5, 2019. It was the third election to be held since Portland voters approved a citywide referendum changing the city charter to recreate an elected mayor position in 2010.

References

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  4. ↑ WMTW (November 9, 2022). "Former Gov. LePage concedes, cites 'grave' concerns over inflation for Maine". www.wabi.tv. Retrieved September 18, 2023.
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  38. ↑ Newt Gingrich endorses Mary Mayhew. May 2, 2018.
  39. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 "I'm pleased to announce that 28 members of the Maine State Legislature have endorsed my candidacy for Governor!". Twitter. September 8, 2017. Archived from the original on October 7, 2021. Retrieved September 20, 2017.
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  151. ↑ Farmer, David (October 17, 2018). "Choice for Governor is really between Mills and Moody". Archived from the original on October 17, 2018. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
  152. ↑ Janet Mills [@JanetMillsforME] (July 12, 2018). "Thank you to Governor @JayInslee for joining me today to stand up for Maine people who voted overwhelmingly last year to approve Medicaid expansion. As governor, I will honor their will" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  153. ↑ Emerson, Anthony [@AnthonyEmerso14] (September 19, 2018). "Monica Wood is on the host committee for this Sunday's Jammin' With Janet event #mepolitics" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  154. ↑ @equalitymaine (September 20, 2018). "We're proud to announce our endorsement of @JanetMillsforME for Governor. She has been a fighter for LGBTQ+ Mainers over her entire career in public service. Her record is strong. Her values are clear. Janet will be a governor we can be proud of! #mepolitics #LGBTQ pic.twitter.com/f9VzXX9m1R" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  155. 1 2 3 4 "Endorsements | Janet Mills for Governor". JanetMills.com. Archived from the original on October 13, 2018. Retrieved October 13, 2018.
  156. ↑ "Maine Conservation Voters Action Fund endorses Janet Mills for governor". Penobscot Bay Pilot. June 26, 2018. Archived from the original on July 20, 2018. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
  157. ↑ Emerson, Anthony [@AnthonyEmerso14] (August 28, 2018). "In an unsurprising but still noteworthy move, @PPFA has endorsed @JanetMillsforME #mepolitics" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  158. ↑ "Janet Mills would be a pragmatic governor, offering a refreshing change". bangordailynews.com. October 19, 2018. Archived from the original on October 20, 2018. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
  159. ↑ "Editorial board endorsement: Janet Mills for Maine governor". The Boston Globe . October 30, 2018. Archived from the original on October 31, 2018. Retrieved November 1, 2018.
  160. ↑ "Our Endorsement: Editorial Board picks Mills for governor". CentralMaine.com. October 21, 2018. Archived from the original on November 1, 2018. Retrieved October 31, 2018.
  161. ↑ "It's Time To Vote: Phoenix Endorsements for the 2018 Elections". ConwayDailySun.com. November 1, 2018. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved November 1, 2018.
  162. ↑ "Our Endorsement: Editorial Board picks Mills for governor". Portland Press Herald . October 21, 2018. Archived from the original on October 24, 2018. Retrieved October 23, 2018.
  163. 1 2 3 4 5 Thistle, Scott (June 19, 2018). "Shawn Moody tells Republicans at rally he'd carry on LePage's legacy". Portland Press Herald . Archived from the original on July 20, 2018. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
  164. ↑ "Shawn Moody unveils new advertisement on NASCAR vehicle". WGME-TV. July 18, 2018. Archived from the original on July 19, 2018. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
  165. ↑ "Associated Builders and Contractors of Maine Announces Endorsement of Shawn Moody for Governor". Bangor Daily News . June 28, 2018. Archived from the original on September 6, 2018. Retrieved September 6, 2018.
  166. ↑ "Sportsman's Alliance endorses Moody". The Republican Journal. September 10, 2018. Archived from the original on October 7, 2021. Retrieved September 11, 2018.
  167. 1 2 Slingshot Strategies (I-Hayes)
  168. ↑ Emerson College
  169. ↑ Pan Atlantic Research
  170. ↑ Change Research
  171. ↑ Slingshot Strategies (I-Hayes)
  172. ↑ Suffolk University
  173. ↑ Slingshot Strategies (I-Hayes) Archived October 15, 2018, at the Wayback Machine
  174. ↑ Official tabulation of results for Governor Archived December 2, 2018, at the Wayback Machine ~•
  175. ↑ LePage, Paul R. "Maine Certificate of Ascertainment 2016" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 19, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2020.

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