2018 Vermont House of Representatives election

Last updated

2018 Vermont House of Representatives election
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← 2016November 6, 2018 2020  →
All 150 seats in the Vermont House of Representatives
76 seats needed for a majority
 Majority partyMinority party
  (Ms.Mitzi Johnson).jpg Donald h. turner (cropped).jpg
Leader Mitzi Johnson Donald Turner, Jr.
(retired)
Party Democratic Republican
Leader's seatGrand Isle-ChittendenChittenden-10
Seats before8353
Seats won9543
Seat changeIncrease2.svg 12Decrease2.svg 10
Popular vote209,630106,709
Percentage58.52%29.79%
SwingIncrease2.svg7.94%Decrease2.svg8.37%
 Third partyFourth party
 
Leader Robin Chesnut-Tangerman
Party Progressive Independent
Leader's seatRutland-Bennigton
Seats before77
Seats won75
Seat changeSteady2.svgDecrease2.svg 2
Popular vote21,42020,438
Percentage5.98%5.71%
SwingIncrease2.svg0.27%Increase2.svg0.44%
2018 Vermont State House Election.svg
Results:
     Republican hold     Republican gain
     Democratic hold     Democratic gain
     Progressive hold
     Independent hold
Speaker before election

Mitzi Johnson
Democratic

Elected Speaker

Mitzi Johnson
Democratic

The 2018 Vermont House of Representatives elections took place as part of the biennial United States elections. Vermont voters elected state representatives in all 150 seats. State representatives serve two-year terms in the Vermont House of Representatives. A primary election on August 14, 2018, determined which candidates appeared on the November 6 general election ballot.

Contents

Following the 2016 State House elections, Democrats maintained effective control of the House with a 97 member caucus (83 Democrats, seven Independents, and seven Progressives). Before the election, to take control of the chamber from Democrats, the Republicans would have needed to net 23 State House seats. However, instead the Democrats instead gained 12 seats, increasing their majorities.

Summary of results by State House district

Primary election results can be obtained from the Vermont Secretary of State's website. [1]

State House district Incumbent PartyElected representativeParty
Addison-1 Robin Scheu Dem Robin Scheu Dem
Amy Sheldon Dem Amy Sheldon Dem
Addison-2 Peter Conlon Dem Peter Conlon Dem
Addison-3 Diane Lanpher Dem Diane Lanpher Dem
Warren Van Wyck Rep Matt Birong Dem
Addison-4 Fred Baser Rep Mari Cordes Dem
David Sharpe Dem Caleb Elder Dem
Addison-5 Harvey Smith Rep Harvey Smith Rep
Addison-Rutland Terry Norris Ind Terry Norris Ind
Bennington-1 Bill Botzow Dem Nelson Brownell Dem
Bennington-2-1 Timothy Corcoran Dem Timothy Corcoran Dem
Rachael Fields Dem Chris Bates Dem
Bennington-2-2 Kiah Morris Dem Jim Carroll Dem
Mary Morrissey Rep Mary Morrissey Rep
Bennington-3 Alice Miller Dem David Durfee Dem
Bennington-4 Cynthia Browning Dem Cynthia Browning Dem
Brian Keefe Rep Kathleen James Dem
Bennington-Rutland Linda Joy Sullivan Dem Linda Joy Sullivan Dem
Caledonia-1 Marcia Martel Rep Marcia Martel Rep
Caledonia-2 Chip Troiano Dem Chip Troiano Dem
Caledonia-3 Scott Beck Rep Scott Beck Rep
Janssen Willhoit Rep Scott Campbell Dem
Caledonia-4 Martha Feltus Rep Martha Feltus Rep
Richard Lawrence Rep Patrick Seymour Rep
Caledonia-Washington Catherine Toll Dem Catherine Toll Dem
Chittenden-1 Marcia Gardner Dem Marcia Gardner Dem
Chittenden-2 Terence Macaig Dem Terence Macaig Dem
Jim McCullough Dem Jim McCullough Dem
Chittenden-3 Trevor Squirrell Dem Trevor Squirrell Dem
George Till Dem George Till Dem
Chittenden-4-1 Mike Yantachka Dem Mike Yantachka Dem
Chittenden-4-2 Bill Lippert Dem Bill Lippert Dem
Chittenden-5-1 Kate Webb Dem Kate Webb Dem
Chittenden-5-2 Jessica Brumsted Dem Jessica Brumsted Dem
Chittenden-6-1 Carol Ode Dem Carol Ode Dem
Kurt Wright Rep Robert Hooper Dem
Chittenden-6-2 Jean O'Sullivan Dem Jean O'Sullivan Dem
Chittenden-6-3 Jill Krowinski Dem Jill Krowinski Dem
Curtis McCormack Dem Curtis McCormack Dem
Chittenden-6-4 Brian Cina Prog Brian Cina Prog
Selene Colburn Prog Selene Colburn Prog
Chittenden-6-5 Johannah Donovan Dem Johannah Donovan Dem
Mary Sullivan Dem Mary Sullivan Dem
Chittenden-6-6 Barbara Rachelson Dem Barbara Rachelson Dem
Chittenden-6-7 Clem Bissonnette Dem Clem Bissonnette Dem
Diana Gonzalez Prog Diana Gonzalez Prog
Chittenden-7-1 Martin LaLonde Dem Martin LaLonde Dem
Chittenden-7-2 Ann Pugh Dem Ann Pugh Dem
Chittenden-7-3 Helen Head Dem John Killacky Dem
Chittenden-7-4 Maida Townsend Dem Maida Townsend Dem
Chittenden-8-1 Betsy Dunn Dem Marybeth Redmond Dem
Linda Myers Rep Linda Myers Rep
Chittenden-8-2 Dylan Giambatista Dem Dylan Giambatista Dem
Lori Houghton Dem Lori Houghton Dem
Chittenden-8-3 Robert Bancroft Rep Robert Bancroft Rep
Chittenden-9-1 Jim Condon Dem Seth Chase Dem
Curt Taylor Dem Curt Taylor Dem
Chittenden-9-2 Patrick Brennan Rep Patrick Brennan Rep
Maureen Dakin Dem Sarita Austin Dem
Chittenden-10 Chris Mattos Rep Chris Mattos Rep
Donald Turner Jr. Rep John Palasik Rep
Essex-Caledonia Constance Quimby Rep Constance Quimby Rep
Essex-Caledonia-Orleans Paul Lefebvre Rep Paul Lefebvre Rep
Franklin-1 Carl Rosenquist Rep Carl Rosenquist Rep
Franklin-2 Barbara Murphy Ind Barbara Murphy Ind
Franklin-3-1 Kathleen Keenan Dem Mike McCarthy Dem
Corey Parent Rep Casey Toof Rep
Franklin-3-2 Eileen Dickinson Rep Eileen Dickinson Rep
Franklin-4 Marianna Gamache Rep Marianna Gamache Rep
Brian K. Savage Rep Brian K. Savage Rep
Franklin-5 Stephen Beyor Rep Joshua Aldrich Rep
Albert Pearce Rep Charen Fegard Dem
Franklin-6 Daniel Connor Dem James Gregoire Rep
Franklin-7 Cindy Weed Prog Felisha Leffler Rep
Grand Isle-Chittenden Mitzi Johnson Dem Mitzi Johnson Dem
Ben Joseph Dem Leland Morgan Rep
Lamoille-1 Heidi Scheuermann Rep Heidi Scheuermann Rep
Lamoille-2 Matthew Hill Dem Matthew Hill Dem
Daniel Noyes Dem Daniel Noyes Dem
Lamoille-3 Bernard Juskiewicz Rep Lucy Rogers Dem
Lamoille-Washington Gary Nolan Rep Avram Patt Dem
David Yacovone Dem David Yacovone Dem
Orange-1 Robert Frenier Rep Carl Demrow Dem
Rodney Graham Rep Rodney Graham Rep
Orange-2 Sarah Copeland-Hanzas Dem Sarah Copeland-Hanzas Dem
Orange-Caledonia Chip Conquest Dem Chip Conquest Dem
Orange-Washington-Addison Jay Hooper Dem Jay Hooper Dem
Ben Jickling Ind Ben Jickling Ind
Orleans-1 Lynn Batchelor Rep Lynn Batchelor Rep
Brian Smith Rep Brian Smith Rep
Orleans-2 Michael Marcotte Rep Michael Marcotte Rep
Gary Viens Rep Woodman Page Rep
Orleans-Caledonia Vicki Strong Rep Vicki Strong Rep
Sam Young Dem Sam Young Dem
Orleans-Lamoille Mark Higley Rep Mark Higley Rep
Rutland-1 Patricia McCoy Rep Patricia McCoy Rep
Rutland-2 Thomas Burditt Rep Thomas Burditt Rep
Dave Potter Dem Dave Potter Dem
Rutland-3 William Canfield Rep William Canfield Rep
Robert Helm Rep Robert Helm Rep
Rutland-4 Thomas Terenzini Rep Thomas Terenzini Rep
Rutland-5-1 Peter Fagan Rep Peter Fagan Rep
Rutland-5-2 Lawrence Cupoli Rep Lawrence Cupoli Rep
Rutland-5-3 Mary Howard Dem Mary Howard Dem
Rutland-5-4 Douglas Gage Rep William Notte Dem
Rutland-6 Stephen Carr Dem Stephanie Jerome Dem
Butch Shaw Rep Butch Shaw Rep
Rutland-Bennington Robin Chestnut-Tangerman Prog Robin Chestnut-Tangerman Prog
Rutland-Windsor-1 Jim Harrison Rep Jim Harrison Rep
Rutland-Windsor-2 Dennis Devereux Rep Logan Nicoll Dem
Washington-1 Anne Donahue Rep Anne Donahue Rep
Patti Lewis Rep Kenneth Goslant Rep
Washington-2 Robert LaClair Rep Robert LaClair Rep
Francis McFaun Rep Francis McFaun Rep
Washington-3 Paul Poirier Ind Peter Anthony Dem
Tommy Walz Dem Tommy Walz Dem
Washington-4 Mary Hooper Dem Mary Hooper Dem
Warren Kitzmiller Dem Warren Kitzmiller Dem
Washington-5 Kimberly Jessup Dem Kimberly Jessup Dem
Washington-6 Janet Ancel Dem Janet Ancel Dem
Washington-7 Maxine Grad Dem Maxine Grad Dem
Edward Read Ind Kari Dolan Dem
Washington-Chittenden Tom Stevens Dem Tom Stevens Dem
Theresa Wood Dem Theresa Wood Dem
Windham-1 Michael Hebert Rep Sara Coffey Dem
Windham-2-1 Valerie Stuart Dem Emilie Kornheiser Dem
Windham-2-2 Mollie Burke Prog Mollie Burke Prog
Windham-2-3 Tristan Toleno Dem Tristan Toleno Dem
Windham-3 Carolyn Partridge Dem Carolyn Partridge Dem
Matt Trieber Dem Matt Trieber Dem
Windham-4 David Deen Dem Nader Hashim Dem
Mike Mrowicki Dem Mike Mrowicki Dem
Windham-5 Emily Long Dem Emily Long Dem
Windham-6 John Gannon Dem John Gannon Dem
Windham-Bennington Laura Sibilia Ind Laura Sibilia Ind
Windham-Bennington-Windsor Kelly Pajala Ind Kelly Pajala Ind
Windsor-1 John Bartholomew Dem John Bartholomew Dem
Paul Belaski Dem Zachariah Ralph Prog
Windsor-2 Annmarie Christensen Dem Annmarie Christensen Dem
Windsor-3-1 Thomas Bock Dem Thomas Bock Dem
Windsor-3-2 Alice Emmons Dem Alice Emmons Dem
Robert Forguites Dem Robert Forguites Dem
Windsor-4-1 Susan Buckholz Dem Randall Szott Dem
Windsor-4-2 Kevin Christie Dem Kevin Christie Dem
Gabrielle Lucke Dem Rebecca White Dem
Windsor-5 Charles Kimbell Dem Charles Kimbell Dem
Windsor-Orange-1 David Ainsworth Rep John O'Brien Dem
Windsor-Orange-2 Timothy Briglin Dem Timothy Briglin Dem
James Masland Dem James Masland Dem
Windsor-Rutland Sandy Haas Prog Sandy Haas Prog

[2] [3]

Incumbents not seeking re-election

Retiring incumbents

28 incumbent representatives (17 Democrats and 11 Republicans) did not seek re-election in 2018:

  • David Sharpe (D), Addison-4
  • Bill Botzow (D), Bennington-1
  • Rachael Fields (D), Bennington-2-1
  • Kiah Morris (D), Bennington-2-2 [4]
  • Alice Miller (D), Bennington-3
  • Janssen Willhoit (R), Caledonia-3 (running for attorney general)
  • Richard Lawrence (R), Caledonia-4
  • Helen Head (D), Chittenden-7-3
  • Betsy Dunn (D), Chittenden-8-1
  • James Condon (D), Chittenden-9-1
  • Maureen Dakin (D), Chittenden-9-2
  • Donald H. Turner (R), Chittenden-10 (running for lieutenant governor)
  • Kathleen Keenan (D), Franklin-3-1
  • Corey Parent (R), Franklin-3-1
  • Steve Beyor (R), Franklin-5
  • Albert Pearce (R), Franklin-5
  • Daniel Connor (D), Franklin-6
  • Bernard Juskiewicz (R), Lamoille-3
  • Robert Frenier (R), Orange-1
  • Gary Viens (R), Orleans-2
  • Douglas Gage (R), Rutland-5-4
  • Stephen Carr (D), Rutland-6
  • Dennis Devereux (R), Rutland-Windsor-2
  • Patti Lewis (R), Washington-1
  • Michael Hebert (R), Windham-1
  • David Deen (D), Windham-4
  • Susan Buckholz (D), Windsor-4-1
  • Gabrielle Lucke (D), Windsor-4-2

Defeated in primary

Detailed results by State House district

Addison-1 • Addison-2 • Addison-3 • Addison-4 • Addison-5 • Addison-Rutland • Bennington-1 • Bennington-2-1 • Bennington-2-2 • Bennington-3 • Bennington-4 • Bennington-Rutland • Caledonia-1 • Caledonia-2 • Caledonia-3 • Caledonia-4 • Caledonia-Washington • Chittenden-1 • Chittenden-2 • Chittenden-3 • Chittenden-4-1 • Chittenden-4-2 • Chittenden-5-1 • Chittenden-5-2 • Chittenden-6-1 • Chittenden-6-2 • Chittenden-6-3 • Chittenden-6-4 • Chittenden-6-5 • Chittenden-6-6 • Chittenden-6-7 • Chittenden-7-1 • Chittenden-7-2 • Chittenden-7-3 • Chittenden-7-4 • Chittenden-8-1 • Chittenden-8-2 • Chittenden-8-3 • Chittenden-9-1 • Chittenden-9-2 • Chittenden-10 • Essex-Caledonia • Essex-Caledonia-Orleans • Franklin-1 • Franklin-2 • Franklin-3-1 • Franklin-3-2 • Franklin-4 • Franklin-5 • Franklin-6 • Franklin-7 • Grand Isle-Chittenden • Lamoille-1 • Lamoille-2 • Lamoille-3 • Lamoille-Washington • Orange-1 • Orange-2 • Orange-Caledonia • Orange-Washington-Addison • Orleans-1 • Orleans-2 • Orleans-Caledonia • Orleans-Lamoille • Rutland-1 • Rutland-2 • Rutland-3 • Rutland-4 • Rutland-5-1 • Rutland-5-2 • Rutland-5-3 • Rutland-5-4 • Rutland-6 • Rutland-Bennington • Rutland-Windsor-1 • Rutland-Windsor-2 • Washington-1 • Washington-2 • Washington-3 • Washington-4 • Washington-5 • Washington-6 • Washington-7 • Washington-Chittenden • Windham-1 • Windham-2-1 • Windham-2-2 • Windham-2-3 • Windham-3 • Windham-4 • Windham-5 • Windham-6 • Windham-Bennington • Windham-Bennington-Windsor • Windsor-1 • Windsor-2 • Windsor-3-1 • Windsor-3-2 • Windsor-4-1 • Windsor-4-2 • Windsor-5 • Windsor-Orange-1 • Windsor-Orange-2 • Windsor-Rutland

Sources: Archived 2018-08-13 at the Wayback Machine

Addison-1

Vermont House district Addison-1 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Amy Sheldon (incumbent) [a] 2,676 37.65
Democratic Robin Scheu (incumbent) 2,592 36.47
Total votes5,268 100.0
Democratic hold
Democratic hold

Addison-2

Vermont House district Addison-2 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Peter Conlon (incumbent) 1,740 81.19
Total votes100.0
Democratic hold

Addison-3

Vermont House district Addison-3 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Matt Birong2,20136.16
Democratic Diane Lanpher (incumbent)2,12234.87
Republican Warren Van Wyck (incumbent)1,76328.97
Total votes6,086 100.0
Democratic hold

Addison-4

Vermont House district Addison-4 Republican primary election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Fred Baser (incumbent) 318 36.72
Republican Valerie Mullin 306 35.33
Write-in Total Write-ins70.81
N/A Blank Votes23527.14
Total votes866 100.0
Vermont House district Addison-4 Democratic primary election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Mari Cordes 1,037 33.76
Democratic Caleb Elder 865 28.16
Democratic Paul Forlenza51616.80
Democratic Rob Demic297967
Write-in Total Write-ins50.16
N/A Blank Votes35211.46
Total votes3,072 100.0
Vermont House district Addison-4 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Caleb Elder 2,278 25.73
Democratic Mari Cordes [a] 2,077 23.46
Republican Fred Baser (incumbent)2,01822.79
Republican Valerie Mullin1,46616.56
Total votes7,839 100.0

Addison-5

Vermont House district Addison-5 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Harvey Smith (incumbent) 1,505 71.73
Total votes100.0
Republican hold

Addison-Rutland

Vermont House district Addison-Rutland election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Independent Terry Norris (incumbent) 1,009 55.59
Democratic Barbara Wilson73540.40
Total votes1,744 100.0

Bennington-1

Vermont House district Bennington-1 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Nelson Brownell 681 46.08
Republican Jim O'Connor39426.66
Independent Frederick Miller36424.63
Total votes1,439 100.0

Bennington-2-1

Vermont House district Bennington-2-1 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Timothy R. Corcoran II (incumbent) 1,733 33.31
Democratic Chris Bates 1,328 25.53
Republican Kevin Hoyt70313.51
Independent Michael Stern4007.69
Total votes4,164 100.0

Bennington-2-2

Vermont House district Bennington-2-2 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Mary A. Morrissey (incumbent) 1,810 35.83
Democratic Jim Carroll [b] 1,559 30.86
Total votes3,369 100.0
Democratic hold
Republican hold

Bennington-3

Vermont House district Bennington-3 Democratic primary election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic David Durfee 442 66.37
Democratic Tim Scoggins22133.18
Write-in Total Write-ins30.45
Total votes666 100.0
N/A Blank Votes37
Vermont House district Bennington-3 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic David Durfee 1,394 97.55
Write-in Tim Scoggins40.28
Write-in Alice Miller30.21
Write-in Write-ins (other)281.96
Total votes1,429 100.0
N/A Blank Votes322
N/A Over Votes1
Democratic hold

Bennington-4

Vermont House district Bennington-4 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Kathleen James 2,129 36.57
Democratic Cynthia Browning (incumbent) [c] 1,938 33.29
Republican Brian Keefe (incumbent)1,73129.73
Write-in Total Write-ins240.41
Total votes5,822 100.0
N/A Blank Votes1,722
N/A Over Votes2

Bennington-Rutland

Vermont House district Bennington-Rutland election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Linda Joy Sullivan (incumbent) 1,699 99.07
Write-in Total Write-ins160.93
Total votes100.0
N/A Blank Votes249
N/A Over Votes5
Democratic hold

Caledonia-1

Vermont House district Caledonia-1 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Marcia Robinson Martel (incumbent) 1,397 95.36
Write-in Jenny Nelson100.68
Write-in Jen D'Agostino50.34
Write-in Write-ins (other)533.62
Total votes1,465 100.0
N/A Blank votes383
Republican hold

Caledonia-2

Vermont House district Caledonia-2 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Joseph "Chip" Troiano (incumbent) 988 59.30
Republican Lawrence Hamel67740.64
Write-in Luke Gargulio10.06
Total votes1,666 100.0
N/A Blank votes38
Democratic hold

Caledonia-3

Vermont House district Caledonia-3 Republican primary election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Scott Beck (incumbent) 350 54.26
Republican Brendan Hughes 281 43.57
Republican Scott Campbell (write-in)71.09
Write-in Write-ins (other)71.09
Total votes645 100.0
N/A Blank votes205
Vermont House district Caledonia-3 Democratic primary election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Scott Campbell 403 52.27
Democratic Jane Pompeo 345 44.75
Democratic Scott Beck (write-in)172.2
Write-in Write-ins (other)60.78
Total votes771 100.0
N/A Blank votes267
Vermont House district Caledonia-3 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Scott Beck (incumbent) 1,297 28.71
Democratic Scott Campbell [a] 1,183 26.2
Republican Brendan Hughes1,07723.84
Democratic Jane Pompeo95921.23
Write-in David Jones10.02
Total votes4,517 100.0
N/A Over votes13
N/A Blank votes454
Republican hold
Democratic gain from Republican

Caledonia-4

Vermont House district Caledonia-4 Republican primary election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Martha Feltus (incumbent) 306 37.87
Republican Patrick Seymour 264 32.67
Republican Robert Brooks17121.16
Republican Fred Gorham (write-in)647.92
Write-in Write-ins (other)30.37
Total votes808 100.0
N/A Blank votes250
Vermont House district Caledonia-4 Democratic primary election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Dennis Labounty 280 87.23
Democratic Martha Feltus (incumbent) (write-in)144.36
Democratic Patrick Seymour (write-in)113.43
Democratic Fred Gorham (write-in)41.25
Write-in Write-ins (other)123.74
Total votes321 100.0
N/A Blank votes381
Vermont House district Caledonia-4 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Martha Feltus (incumbent) 1,633 38.06
Republican Patrick Seymour [d] 1,375 32.04
Democratic Dennis Labounty1,26629.49
Write-in Christian B. Hubbs20.05
Write-in Benjamin Robbins20.05
Write-in Catherine Toll20.05
Write-in Write-ins (other)110.26
Total votes4,291 100.0
N/A Over votes1
N/A Blank votes1,248
Republican hold

Caledonia-Washington

Vermont House district Caledonia-Washington election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Catherine "Kitty" Toll (incumbent) 1,853 97.32
Write-in Craig Vance140.74
Write-in Steve Larrabee50.26
Write-in Write-ins (other)321.68
Total votes1,904 100.0
N/A Over votes11
N/A Blank votes370
Democratic hold

Chittenden-1

Vermont House district Chittenden-1 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Marcia Gardner (incumbent)
Republican Terry Moultroup
Total votes100.0

Chittenden-2

Vermont House district Chittenden-2 Democratic primary election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic James McCullough (incumbent) 754 32.42
Democratic Terence Macaig (incumbent) 667 28.68
Democratic Anthony Jordick53723.09
Write-in Total Write-ins40.17
N/A Blank Votes36415.65
Total votes2,326 100.0
Vermont House district Chittenden-2 Republican primary election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Joy Limoge 354 34.77
Write-in Total Write-ins121.18
N/A Blank Votes65264.05
Total votes1,018 100.0
Vermont House district Chittenden-2 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Joy Limoge
Democratic Terence Macaig (incumbent)
Democratic James McCullough (incumbent)
Independent Kathleen Orion
Total votes100.0

Chittenden-3

Vermont House district Chittenden-3 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Trevor Squirrell (incumbent)
Democratic George W. Till (incumbent)
Total votes100.0
Democratic hold
Democratic hold

Chittenden-4-1

Vermont House district Chittenden-4-1 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Michael Yantachka (incumbent)
Total votes100.0
Democratic hold

Chittenden-4-2

Vermont House district Chittenden-4-2 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic William J. Lippert, Jr. (incumbent)
Republican Sarah Toscano
Total votes100.0

Chittenden-5-1

Vermont House district Chittenden-5-1 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Kate Webb (incumbent)
Total votes100.0
Democratic hold

Chittenden-5-2

Vermont House district Chittenden-5-2 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Jessica Brumsted (incumbent) [c]
Total votes100.0
Democratic hold

Chittenden-6-1

Vermont House district Chittenden-6-1 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Robert Hooper
Democratic Carol Ode (incumbent)
Republican Kurt Wright (incumbent)
Total votes100.0

Chittenden-6-2

Vermont House district Chittenden-6-2 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Jean O'Sullivan (incumbent)
Total votes100.0
Democratic hold

Chittenden-6-3

Vermont House district Chittenden-6-3 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Jill Krowinski (incumbent)
Democratic Curtis McCormack (incumbent)
Total votes100.0
Democratic hold
Democratic hold

Chittenden-6-4

Vermont House district Chittenden-6-4 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Progressive Brian Cina (incumbent) [e]
Progressive Selene Colburn (incumbent) [e]
Total votes100.0
Progressive hold
Progressive hold

Chittenden-6-5

Vermont House district Chittenden-6-5 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Johannah Donovan (incumbent)
Democratic Mary Sullivan (incumbent)
Total votes100.0
Democratic hold
Democratic hold

Chittenden-6-6

Vermont House district Chittenden-6-6 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Barbara Rachelson (incumbent) [a]
Total votes100.0
Democratic hold

Chittenden-6-7

Vermont House district Chittenden-6-7 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Clement Bissonnette (incumbent)
Progressive Diana Gonzalez (incumbent) [e]
Total votes100.0
Democratic hold
Progressive hold

Chittenden-7-1

Vermont House district Chittenden-7-1 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Martin LaLonde (incumbent)
Total votes100.0
Democratic hold

Chittenden-7-2

Vermont House district Chittenden-7-2 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Ann Pugh (incumbent)
Total votes100.0
Democratic hold

Chittenden-7-3

Vermont House district Chittenden-7-3 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Progressive Frank Davis
Democratic John Killacky
Total votes100.0

Chittenden-7-4

Vermont House district Chittenden-7-4 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Maida Townsend (incumbent)
Total votes100.0
Democratic hold

Chittenden-8-1

Vermont House district Chittenden-8-1 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Linda K. Myers (incumbent)
Democratic Marybeth Redmond
Progressive Tanya Vyhovsky [e]
Total votes100.0

Chittenden-8-2

Vermont House district Chittenden-8-2 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican John Brennan
Democratic Dylan Giambatista (incumbent)
Democratic Lori Houghton (incumbent)
Total votes100.0

Chittenden-8-3

Vermont House district Chittenden-8-3 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Robert Bancroft (incumbent)
Total votes100.0
Republican hold

Chittenden-9-1

Vermont House district Chittenden-9-1 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Seth Chase
Republican Deserae Morin
Republican Clark Sweeney
Democratic Curt Taylor (incumbent)
Total votes100.0

Chittenden-9-2

Vermont House district Chittenden-9-2 Republican primary election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Patrick Brennan (incumbent)
Total votes100.0
Vermont House district Chittenden-9-2 Republican primary election Runoff
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Pam Loranger 303 91.27
Republican John Nagle III298.73
Total votes332 100.0
Vermont House district Chittenden-9-2 Democratic primary election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Sarita Austin 529 32.49
Democratic Herb Downing 497 30.53
Write-in Total Write-ins513.13
N/A Blank Votes55133.85
Total votes1,628 100.0
Vermont House district Chittenden-9-2 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Sarita Austin
Republican Patrick Brennan (incumbent)
Democratic Herb Downing
Republican Pam Loranger [5]
Total votes100.0

Chittenden-10

Vermont House district Chittenden-10 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Todd Buik
Republican Christopher Mattos (incumbent)
Republican John Palasik
Total votes100.0

Essex-Caledonia

Vermont House district Essex-Caledonia election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Connie Quimby (incumbent) 1,082 95.33
Write-in Ed Clark100.88
Write-in Judith Hutchinson40.35
Write-in Write-ins (other)393.44
Total votes1,135 100.0
N/A Blank votes280
Republican hold

Essex-Caledonia-Orleans

Vermont House district Essex-Caledonia-Orleans election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Paul D. Lefebvre (incumbent) 827 55.39
Democratic Martha W. Allen66444.47
Write-in Write-ins20.134
Total votes1,493 100.0
N/A Blank votes38

Franklin-1

Vermont House district Franklin-1 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Carl Rosenquist (incumbent)
Democratic Edward Simon
Total votes100.0

Franklin-2

Vermont House district Franklin-2 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Mary Beerworth
Independent Barbara Murphy (incumbent)
Total votes100.0

Franklin-3-1

Vermont House district Franklin-3-1 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican James B. Fitzgerald
Democratic Kate Larose [a]
Democratic Mike McCarthy
Republican Casey Toof
Total votes100.0

Franklin-3-2

Vermont House district Franklin-3-2 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Eileen Dickinson (incumbent) [f]
Independent David McWilliams
Total votes100.0

Franklin-4

Vermont House district Franklin-4 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Nicholas Brosseau
Republican Marianna Gamache (incumbent)
Republican Brian K. Savage (incumbent) [f]
Total votes100.0
Republican hold

Franklin-5

Vermont House district Franklin-5 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Joshua Aldrich
Independent Linda Collins
Democratic Charen Fegard
Democratic Daniel Nadeau
Republican Shane Rhodes
Total votes100.0

Franklin-6

Vermont House district Franklin-6 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Kelly Cummings
Republican James Gregoire
Total votes100.0

Franklin-7

Vermont House district Franklin-7 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Felisha Leffler
Progressive Cindy Weed (incumbent) [e]
Total votes100.0

Grand Isle-Chittenden

Vermont House district Grand Isle-Chittenden election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Mitzi Johnson (incumbent)
Democratic Ben W. Joseph (incumbent)
Republican Leland Morgan
Republican Michael Morgan
Total votes100.0

Lamoille-1

Vermont House district Lamoille-1 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Marina Meerburg
Republican Heidi E. Scheuermann (incumbent)
Total votes100.0

Lamoille-2

Vermont House district Lamoille-2 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Matthew Hill (incumbent) [c]
Independent Mike King
Democratic Daniel Noyes (incumbent) [c]
Total votes100.0
Democratic hold

Lamoille-3

Vermont House district Lamoille-3 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Zachary Mayo
Democratic Lucy Rogers
Total votes100.0

Lamoille-Washington

Vermont House district Lamoille-Washington election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Gary Nolan (incumbent)
Democratic Avram Patt
Democratic David Yacovone (incumbent)
Total votes100.0
Democratic hold

Orange-1

Vermont House district Orange-1 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Christopher Covey
Progressive Susan Hatch Davis [e]
Democratic Carl Demrow
Republican Rodney Graham (incumbent)
Total votes100.0

Orange-2

Vermont House district Orange-2 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Sarah Copeland-Hanzas (incumbent)
Total votes100.0
Democratic hold

Orange-Caledonia

Vermont House district Orange-Caledonia election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Charles "Chip" Conquest (incumbent) 863 51.13
Republican Joseph Parsons81348.16
Write-in Boots Wardinski110.65
Write-in Write-ins (other)10.06
Total votes1,688 100.0
N/A Over votes1
N/A Blank votes30
Democratic hold

Orange-Washington-Addison

Vermont House district Orange-Washington-Addison election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Daniel Brown
Democratic Jay Hooper (incumbent)
Independent Ben Jickling (incumbent)
Democratic Larry Satcowitz
Republican Stephen Webster
Total votes100.0

Orleans-1

Vermont House district Orleans-1 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Lynn Batchelor (incumbent) [f] 1,72136.7%
Independent Frank Davis1,08823.2%
Republican Brian Smith (incumbent) [f] 1,86236.7%
Total votes6,198 [6] 100.0

Orleans-2

Vermont House district Orleans-2 Republican primary election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Michael Marcotte (incumbent) 491 46.2
Republican Woodman "Woody" Page 401 37.7
Republican Kendall Lambert17116.1
Total votes1,063 100.0
Vermont House district Orleans-2 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Independent Kendall Lambert
Republican Michael Marcotte (incumbent) [f]
Republican Woodman "Woody" Page [f]
Total votes100.0
Republican hold

Orleans-Caledonia

Vermont House district Orleans-Caledonia election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Independent Tabitha Armstrong
Democratic Danielle Cote Sukkaew
Republican Frank Huard
Republican Vicki Strong (incumbent)
Democratic Sam Young (incumbent)
Total votes100.0

Orleans-Lamoille

Vermont House district Orleans-Lamoille election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Mark Higley (incumbent) [f]
Total votes100.0
Republican hold

Rutland-1

Vermont House district Rutland-1 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Patricia McCoy (incumbent)
Total votes100.0
Republican hold

Rutland-2

Vermont House district Rutland-2 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Thomas Burditt (incumbent)
Democratic Ken Fredette
Democratic David Potter (incumbent)
Total votes100.0

Rutland-3

Vermont House district Rutland-3 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican William Canfield (incumbent)
Republican Robert Helm (incumbent)
Independent Robert J. Richards
Total votes100.0
Republican hold

Rutland-4

Vermont House district Rutland-4 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Thomas Terenzini (incumbent)
Total votes100.0
Republican hold

Rutland-5-1

Vermont House district Rutland-5-1 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Peter J. Fagan (incumbent)
Democratic Heather Juliussen-Stevenson [a]
Total votes100.0

Rutland-5-2

Vermont House district Rutland-5-2 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Lawrence Cupoli (incumbent) [f]
Total votes100.0
Republican hold

Rutland-5-3

Vermont House district Rutland-5-3 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Mary Howard (incumbent)
Total votes100.0
Democratic hold

Rutland-5-4

Vermont House district Rutland-5-4 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Jacqueline Fleck
Democratic William Notte
Total votes100.0

Rutland-6

Vermont House district Rutland-6 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Progressive Tim Guiles [e]
Republican Seth Hopkins
Democratic Stephanie Jerome
Republican Charles "Butch" Shaw (incumbent)
Total votes100.0

Rutland-Bennington

Vermont House district Rutland-Bennington election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Progressive Robin Chestnut-Tangerman (incumbent) [e]
Republican Edgar Cleveland
Total votes100.0

Rutland-Windsor-1

Vermont House district Rutland-Windsor-1 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican James Harrison (incumbent)
Democratic Gina Ottoboni
Total votes100.0

Rutland-Windsor-2

Vermont House district Rutland-Windsor-2 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Independent Peter Berger
Democratic Logan Nicoll [a]
Total votes100.0

Washington-1

Vermont House district Washington-1 Republican primary election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Anne Donahue (incumbent) 483 35.78
Republican Kenneth Goslant 452 33.48
Write-in Total Write-ins90.67
N/A Blank Votes40630.07
Total votes1,350 100.0
Vermont House district Washington-1 Democratic primary election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Denise MacMartin 415 36.1
Democratic Jeremy Hansen 394 34.3
Democratic John B. Stevens25822.5
Democratic Gordon Bock827.1
Total votes1,149 100.0
Vermont House district Washington-1 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Independent Gordon Bock [g]
Republican Anne Donahue (incumbent)
Republican Kenneth Goslant
Progressive Jeremy Hansen [e]
Democratic Denise MacMartin
Independent Rebecca A. Trower
Total votes100.0

Washington-2

Vermont House district Washington-2 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic J. Guy Isabelle
Republican Robert LaClair (incumbent)
Republican Francis McFaun (incumbent) [f]
Total votes100.0
Republican hold

Washington-3

Vermont House district Washington-3 Democratic primary election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Tommy Walz (incumbent) 451 46.6
Democratic Peter Anthony 351 36.3
Democratic Paul Flint16617.1
Total votes968 100.0
Vermont House district Washington-3 Republican primary election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican John Steinman 334 39.11
Write-in Total Write-ins202.34
N/A Blank Votes50058.55
Total votes854 100.0
Vermont House district Washington-3 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Peter Anthony
Independent Paul N. Poirier (incumbent)
Republican John Steinman
Democratic Tommy Walz (incumbent)
Total votes100.0

Washington-4

Vermont House district Washington-4 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Mary Hooper (incumbent)
Democratic Warren Kitzmiller (incumbent)
Progressive Glennie Sewell
Total votes100.0

Washington-5

Vermont House district Washington-5 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Kimberly Jessup (incumbent)
Total votes100.0
Democratic hold

Washington-6

Vermont House district Washington-6 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Janet Ancel (incumbent)
Total votes100.0
Democratic hold

Washington-7

[7]

Vermont House district Washington-7 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Kari Dolan2,59033.12%
Democratic Maxine Grad (incumbent)2,34029.93%
Independent Ed Read (incumbent) [h] 1,98225.35%
Independent Bob Readie5176.61
Green Mountain Neil Johnson3854.92
Independent Write-in50.06%
Total votes7,819 100.0

Washington-Chittenden

Vermont House district Washington-Chittenden election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Thomas Stevens (incumbent)
Democratic Theresa Wood (incumbent)
Total votes100.0
Democratic hold
Democratic hold

Windham-1

Vermont House district Windham-1 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Sara Coffey
Republican Patrick Gilligan
Total votes100.0

Windham-2-1

Vermont House district Windham-2-1 Democratic primary election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Emilie Kornheiser 589 70.71
Democratic Valerie A. Stuart (incumbent)22727.25
Write-in Total Write-ins10.12
N/A Blank Votes161.92
Total votes833 100.0
Vermont House district Windham-2-1 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Emilie Kornheiser [a]
Total votes100.0
Democratic hold

Windham-2-2

Vermont House district Windham-2-2 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Progressive Mollie Burke (incumbent) [e]
Total votes100.0
Progressive hold

Windham-2-3

Vermont House district Windham-2-3 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Tristan Toleno (incumbent)
Total votes100.0
Democratic hold

Windham-3

Vermont House district Windham-3 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Carolyn Partridge (incumbent)
Democratic Matthew Trieber (incumbent)
Total votes100.0
Democratic hold
Democratic hold

Windham-4

Vermont House district Windham-4 Democratic primary election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Michael Mrowicki (incumbent) 1,210 40.4
Democratic Nader Hashim 1,076 35.9
Democratic Cindy Jerome70823.6
Total votes2,994 100.0
Vermont House district Windham-4 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Nader Hashim
Democratic Michael Mrowicki (incumbent)
Total votes100.0
Democratic hold
Democratic hold

Windham-5

Vermont House district Windham-5 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Emily Long (incumbent)
Total votes100.0
Democratic hold

Windham-6

Vermont House district Windham-6 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic John Gannon (incumbent)
Total votes100.0
Democratic hold

Windham-Bennington

Vermont House district Windham-Bennington election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Independent Laura Sibilia (incumbent) [i]
Total votes100.0
Independent hold

Windham-Bennington-Windsor

Vermont House district Windham-Bennington-Windsor election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Independent Kelly Pajala (incumbent) [j]
Total votes100.0
Independent hold

Windsor-1

Vermont House district Windsor-1 Democratic primary election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic John L. Bartholomew (incumbent) 673 35.78
Democratic Zachariah Ralph 656 34.88
Democratic Paul Belaski (incumbent)54428.92
Write-in Wesley Raney40.21
Write-in Write-ins (other)40.21
Total votes1,881 100.0
N/A Over votes5
N/A Blank votes408
Vermont House district Windsor-1 Progressive primary election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Progressive Zachariah Ralph (write-in) 13 65.0
Write-in Write-ins (other)735.0
Total votes20 100.0
N/A Blank votes10
Vermont House district Windsor-1 Republican primary election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Wesley Raney 267 88.41
Republican Paul Belaski (incumbent) (write-in)144.64
Republican John L. Bartholomew (incumbent) (write-in)72.32
Write-in Write-ins (other)144.64
Total votes302 100.0
N/A Blank votes458
Vermont House district Windsor-1 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic John L. Bartholomew (incumbent) 2,218 40.67
Progressive Zachariah Ralph [e] 2,040 37.40
Republican Wesley Raney1,15221.12
Write-in Paul Belaski (incumbent)190.35
Write-in Michael Kell60.11
Write-in Write-ins (other)180.33
Total votes5,454 100.0
N/A Blank votes1,908
Democratic hold
Progressive gain from Democratic

Windsor-2

Vermont House district Windsor-2 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Annmarie Christensen (incumbent)
Total votes100.0
Democratic hold

Windsor-3-1

Vermont House district Windsor-3-1 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Thomas Bock (incumbent)
Total votes100.0
Democratic hold

Windsor-3-2

Vermont House district Windsor-3-2 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Alice M. Emmons (incumbent)
Democratic Robert Forguites (incumbent)
Republican Elizabeth Gray
Progressive George T. McNaughton
Total votes100.0

Windsor-4-1

Vermont House district Windsor-4-1 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Randall Szott [a]
Total votes100.0
Democratic hold

Windsor-4-2

Vermont House district Windsor-4-2 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Kevin "Coach" Christie (incumbent)
Democratic Rebecca White
Total votes100.0
Democratic hold
Democratic hold

Windsor-5

Vermont House district Windsor-5 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Charles Kimbell (incumbent)
Total votes100.0
Democratic hold

Windsor-Orange-1

Vermont House district Windsor-Orange-1 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican David Ainsworth (incumbent)
Democratic John O'Brien
Total votes100.0

Windsor-Orange-2

Vermont House district Windsor-Orange-2 election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Timothy Briglin (incumbent)
Progressive Nick Clark
Independent John Freitag
Democratic James Masland (incumbent)
Progressive Jill Wilcox
Total votes100.0

Windsor-Rutland

Vermont House district Windsor-Rutland election, 2018
PartyCandidateVotes%
Progressive Sandy Haas (incumbent) [e]
Republican Robert McFadden
Total votes100.0

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Running as "Democratic/Progressive"
  2. ↑ Democratic incumbent Rep. Morris withdrew and endorsed her replacement nominee, Jim Carroll.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Running as "Democratic/Republican"
  4. ↑ Originally was running as Independent; retiring Republican incumbent Rep. Richard Lawrence endorsed Seymour to run in the Republican primary, which he won.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Running as "Progressive/Democratic"
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Running as "Republican/Democratic"
  7. ↑ Running as "Berlin-Northfield Alliance"
  8. ↑ Won the Republican nomination, but will run as an Independent in the general election.
  9. ↑ Won the nominations of the Progressive Party, Republican Party, and Democratic Party all via write-in, but running as Independent in the general election.
  10. ↑ Won the nominations of the Republican Party and Democratic Party via write-in, but running as Independent in the general election.

References

  1. ↑ "Election Results". Vermont Secretary of State. Archived from the original on August 13, 2018. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
  2. ↑ "Vermont House of Representatives elections, 2018 - Ballotpedia". Archived from the original on November 7, 2018. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
  3. ↑ "Vermont Elections Results". U.S. ELECTIONS. November 6, 2018. Archived from the original on November 9, 2018. Retrieved November 8, 2018.
  4. ↑ Lewis, Philip (August 28, 2018). "Vermont's Only Black Woman Lawmaker Pulls Out Of Race In Wake Of Online Threats". HuffPost . Archived from the original on September 6, 2018. Retrieved September 7, 2018.
  5. 1 2 "Loranger victorious in run-off election". Colchester Sun. Archived from the original on September 15, 2018. Retrieved September 15, 2018.
  6. ↑ https://vtelectionarchive.sec.state.vt.us/elections/view/133972/%5B‍%5D
  7. ↑ "Vermont House district Washington-7 election, 2018". Archived from the original on April 24, 2019. Retrieved April 24, 2019.
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