← 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 → Off-year elections | |
Election day | November 5 |
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House elections | |
Seats contested | 3 mid-term vacancies |
Net seat change | 0 |
Map of the 2019 House special elections Democratic hold Republican hold Democratic gain Republican gain Special election held in 2020 | |
Gubernatorial elections | |
Seats contested | 3 |
Net seat change | Democratic +1 |
Map of the 2019 gubernatorial races Democratic gain Republican hold Democratic hold |
The 2019 United States elections were held, in large part, on Tuesday, November 5, 2019. This off-year election included gubernatorial elections in Kentucky, Louisiana, and Mississippi; regularly-scheduled state legislative elections in Louisiana, Mississippi, Virginia, and New Jersey; and special elections for seats in various state legislatures. Numerous citizen initiatives, mayoral races, and a variety of other local elections also occurred. Three special elections to the United States House of Representatives also took place in 2019 as a result of vacancies.
Democrats regained the governorship of Kentucky and held the office in Louisiana, despite strong campaign efforts by President Donald Trump for the Republican candidates. Democrats also took control of the state legislature in Virginia. Republicans held the governor's mansion in Mississippi and expanded their control of the Louisiana state legislature and gained seats in the New Jersey state legislature. A major theme in the election results was a suburban revolt against Trump and the Republican Party in general, as these areas swung heavily towards Democratic candidates in local, state, and federal elections. [1] [2]
Three special elections were held in 2019 to fill vacancies during the 116th United States Congress:
Additional vacancies occurred in Wisconsin's 7th Congressional district following the resignation of Republican Sean Duffy in September 2019; [12] New York's 27th Congressional district following the October 2019 resignation of Republican Chris Collins ahead of his pleading guilty to insider trading; [13] California's 25th Congressional district following the resignation of Democrat Katie Hill in November 2019; [14] and Maryland's 7th Congressional district following the death of Democrat Elijah Cummings on October 17, 2019. [15] Georgia Republican Sen. Johnny Isakson announced in August 2019 that he would resign on December 31, 2019, due to deteriorating health. [16] Special elections to fill the seats occurred in 2020.
Also during 2019, changes in partisan balance in the House of Representatives happened as the result of members of Congress switching their party affiliation. On July 4, 2019, Rep. Justin Amash declared he would leave the Republican Party but continue to serve in Congress as an independent, turning an evenly split Michigan delegation into a Democratic majority delegation. [17] Following a week of speculation, on December 19, the day after voting against the impeachment of Donald Trump, Rep. Jeff Van Drew of New Jersey officially left the Democratic Party to become a Republican. [18]
Three states held gubernatorial elections in 2019:
In addition, in Puerto Rico, Gov. Ricardo Rosselló resigned as part of the territory's 2019 leadership crisis. He was eventually replaced by Wanda Vázquez Garced. Rosselló and Vázquez are both members of the New Progressive Party, but nationally Rosselló is affiliated with the Democratic Party while Vázquez is affiliated with the Republican Party.
Regularly-scheduled elections were held in 3 of 43 states that elect attorneys general. The previous Attorney General elections for this group of states took place in 2015. One state attorney general ran for reelection and won, while Democrat Jim Hood of Mississippi and Andy Beshear of Kentucky did not run for re-election to run for Governor. [28]
Republicans won every seat in this election, with a net gain of two. [29]
Legislative elections were held for both houses of the Louisiana Legislature, the Mississippi Legislature, and the Virginia General Assembly, as well as the lower house of the New Jersey Legislature. Republicans expanded their control of the Mississippi Legislature, [30] while Democrats kept control of the New Jersey General Assembly, despite Republicans picking up a handful of seats. [31] Democrats gained majorities of both houses of the Virginia General Assembly, giving them control of the legislature for the first time in 20 years. [32] In Louisiana, Republicans expanded their control of the Louisiana Legislature, gaining a supermajority in the state Senate and falling two seats shy of a supermajority in the Louisiana House. [33]
Special elections were also held during the year to fill state legislative seats vacated due to retirement, death, resignation, election to another office, or other reasons. During 2019, special elections were set or run for 77 vacated seats — 39 held by Democrats and 38 held by Republicans. Of the 74 special elections held by year-end, five seats flipped from Democratic to Republican, two flipped from Republican to Democratic, and one flipped from Republican to Independent. None of these changes impacted partisan control of the state legislature. [34]
Three states held supreme court elections in 2019.
Before election | After election | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
State | Attorney general | Governor | Lieutenant governor | Auditor | Treasurer | Attorney general | Governor | Lieutenant governor | Auditor | Treasurer | |
Kentucky | Dem | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Dem | Dem | Rep | Rep | |
Louisiana | Rep | Dem | Rep | Rep | Rep | Dem | Rep | Rep | |||
Mississippi | Dem | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep |
In the 2019 elections, Republicans successfully defended their trifecta (unified control of the governorship and the state legislature) in Mississippi, while Democrats defended their trifecta in New Jersey and prevented Republicans from gaining a trifecta in Louisiana. Republicans lost their trifecta in Kentucky, while Democrats gained a trifecta in Virginia. [35] These state elections were to impact the redistricting that followed the 2020 United States census, as many states task governors and state legislators with drawing new boundaries for state legislative and congressional districts.
24 binding ballot measures were voted on in seven states. [36]
Although most mayorships and other local offices are non-partisan, when looking at party identification of the officeholders, registered Democrats gained three mayorships during 2019 (Phoenix, Arizona; Raleigh, North Carolina; and Wichita, Kansas) and Republicans picked up one (Aurora, Colorado). Following the November elections, registered Democrats had held 62 mayorships (+2) in the 100 largest cities in the United States, registered Republicans hold 29 (+1), and independents hold 4 (−3). The remaining five had been nonpartisan or were undetermined. [47]
Incumbent mayors won re-election in major cities during 2019, including Arlington, Texas (Jeff Williams [48] ); Cary, North Carolina (Harold Weinbrecht [49] ); Charlotte, North Carolina (Vi Lyles [50] ); Charleston, South Carolina (John Tecklenburg [51] ); Colorado Springs, Colorado (John Suthers [52] ); Denver (Michael Hancock [53] ); Duluth, Minnesota (Emily Larson [54] ); Durham, North Carolina (Steve Schewel [55] ); Evansville, Indiana (Lloyd Winnecke [56] ); Fairbanks, Alaska (Jim Matherly [57] ); Fort Collins, Colorado (Wade Troxell [58] ); Fort Wayne, Indiana (Tom Henry [59] ); Fort Worth, Texas (Betsy Price [60] ); Gainesville, Florida (Lauren Poe [61] ); Grand Rapids, Michigan (Rosalynn Bliss [62] ); Hartford, Connecticut (Luke Bronin [63] ); Houston (Sylvester Turner [64] ); Indianapolis, Indiana (Joe Hogsett [65] ); Jacksonville, Florida (Lenny Curry [66] ); Las Vegas, Nevada (Carolyn Goodman [67] ); Manchester, New Hampshire (Joyce Craig [68] ); Memphis, Tennessee (Jim Strickland [69] ); Orlando, Florida (Buddy Dyer [70] ); Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Jim Kenney [71] ); Rapid City, South Dakota (Steve Allender [72] ); San Antonio, Texas (Ron Nirenberg [73] ); and Springfield, Massachusetts (Domenic Sarno [74] ) and Worcester, Massachusetts (Joseph Petty [75] ).
San Francisco, California incumbent mayor London Breed, who won a special election to become mayor following the death of mayor Ed Lee, was elected to her first full term. [76] After the Yonkers, New York, City Council extended mayoral term limits from two terms to three in late 2018, [77] incumbent Mike Spano went on to win a third term. [78]
Incumbents Andrew Ginther in Columbus, Ohio, [79] Dan Gelber in Miami Beach, Florida, [80] and Ken McClure in Springfield, Missouri [81] were unopposed in seeking re-election.
In Alabama, which was the location of many pivotal moments in the American civil rights movement, several cities elected their first African American mayor in 2019. In the capital city of Montgomery, Probate Judge Steven Reed was elected mayor in a run-off, [82] and in Talladega Timothy Ragland defeated incumbent mayor Jerry Cooper in a run-off. [83] Also, voters in Eastpointe, Michigan, elected council member Monique Owens mayor, making her the city's first African American mayor. [84]
Two large cities elected their first out LGBT+ mayors in 2019. In Chicago, Lori Lightfoot was elected as the city's first female African American mayor and first lesbian mayor [85] in what was only the second-ever mayoral runoff election in the city's history. [86] In Tampa, Florida, Jane Castor also won a run-off election to become the first gay woman to lead a major Florida city. [87]
In Tucson, Arizona, Democrat Regina Romero was elected the city's first female and first Latina mayor. [88] In Boise, Idaho, City Council President Lauren McLean defeated incumbent Dave Bieter to become the first woman elected as mayor in the city and winner of the city's first-ever mayoral run-off election. [89] [90] [91] Similarly, in Belton, South Carolina, Tiffany Ownbey defeated incumbent Wendell Page, making her the first woman to be elected mayor of the city. [92] In Salt Lake City, Utah, Councilwoman Erin Mendenhall became the city's third female mayor after defeating state senator Luz Escamilla; [93] it was the first time two women had faced each other in a mayoral runoff in the city. [94]
City councilman Dr. An Minh Truong won an open seat for mayor of Haltom City, Texas, making him the first Vietnamese-American mayor in Tarrant County and possibly the first in Texas. [95]
In Flint, Michigan, state representative Sheldon Neeley defeated incumbent Karen Weaver, who was seeking a second term. [96] In Madison, Wisconsin, Satya Rhodes-Conway defeated longtime incumbent mayor Paul Soglin, [97] and in Nashville, Tennessee, city councilman John Cooper defeated incumbent David Briley. [98] In Portland, Maine, former school board chair Kate Snyder unseated incumbent Ethan Strimling, [99] and in Wichita, Kansas, state Rep. Brandon Whipple defeated incumbent Jeff Longwell. [100] In Brownsville, Texas, Trey Mendez won a run-off election to replace incumbent mayor Tony Martinez, who came in third in the primary election. [101] [102]
Open mayoral seats were won in Aurora, Colorado (Mike Coffman [103] ); Dallas, Texas (Eric Johnson [73] ); Green Bay, Wisconsin (Eric Genrich [104] ); Kansas City, Missouri (Quinton Lucas [105] ); Knoxville, Tennessee (Indya Kincannon [106] ); Lafayette, Louisiana (Josh Guillory [107] ); Lincoln, Nebraska (Leirion Gaylor Baird [108] ); Newark, Delaware (Jerry Clifton [109] ); Raleigh, North Carolina (Mary-Ann Baldwin [110] ); and West Palm Beach, Florida (Keith James [111] ). In South Bend, Indiana, Democrat James Mueller defeated Republican Sean Haas to replace incumbent Pete Buttigieg, who declined to run for a third term in favor of a presidential campaign. [112] In Garland, Texas, Scott LeMay was unopposed in seeking an open mayoral seat. [113]
Nationwide, 90 city council members and 45 mayors or vice-mayors were subject to recall efforts, along with 44 school board members and 51 other city, county, or state officials. In total, 87 of these efforts made it to the ballot and slightly more than half were successful in recalling the official; an additional 16 officials resigned before a recall election could be held. [122] [123] Mayors were successfully recalled in Wickenburg, Arizona; Brighton, Colorado; Bovill and Dalton Gardens, Idaho; Albion, Michigan; York, Nebraska; Metolius, Oregon; and Rio Bravo, Texas. Mayors in Elk River, Kooskia, and Sugar City, Idaho, and in Arnegard and Tower City, North Dakota, were retained in office. [124] In Huntington, Oregon, voters recalled Mayor Richard Cummings who'd survived a 2018 recall attempt when he served on the city council. [125]
In Fall River, Massachusetts, voters successfully recalled Mayor Jasiel Correia and re-elected him in the same election. Correia faced recall after being charged with wire fraud and filing false tax returns in 2018. Five candidates, including Correia, qualified to run in the event of a successful recall, and a plurality of voters voted for Correia. [126] In September, Correia was charged with extorting cannabis dispensaries looking to do business in the city; the city council vote to remove him from office, but Correia rejected their authority to do so. [127] [128] Correia stood for re-election to a third term, coming in second during the September 17 preliminary election. On October 15, 2019, Correia suspended his campaign, [129] and, ultimately, came in third, behind write-in votes with school board member Paul Coogan winning the election. [130]
Several notable Native American tribal governments held elections for tribal leadership in 2019.
Incumbents Tribal Chairman Don Gentry of the Klamath Tribes [161] and Tribal Council Chief Beverly Kiohawiton Cook of the St. Regis Mohawk Tribe [162] were both re-elected to a third term. Seminole Tribe of Florida Tribal Council Chairman Marcellus Osceola Jr. was re-elected to a second term. [163] Larry Romanelli was elected to a fourth term as Ogema of the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians. [164] Catawba Nation Chair Bill Harris, [165] Comanche Nation Tribal Chairman William Nelson Sr., [166] Fort Peck Tribes Chairman Floyd Azure, [167] Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho Tribal Executive Committee Chairman Shannon Wheeler, [168] Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Tribal Chair Richard Peterson, [169] Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head Tribal Chairperson Cheryl Andrews-Maltais, [170] and Yankton Sioux Tribe Tribal Chairman Robert Flying Hawk [171] were also all re-elected. Richard Sneed won re-election to his first full-term as principal chief of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians; [172] Sneed had been elevated to principal chief in 2017 following the impeachment of then Principal Chief Patrick Lambert. [173] Mescalero Apache Tribe Tribal President Robert "Gabe" Aguilar, who was elevated to president when Tribal President Arthur "Butch" Blaze resigned for health reasons in October, [174] was also re-elected to his first full term. [175]
Choctaw Nation incumbent Chief Gary Batton was unopposed in seeking a second term, [176] and Chickasaw Nation Gov. Bill Anoatubby was unopposed in seeking a ninth consecutive four-year term. [177] Dr. John Creel was unopposed in the election for chief of the Edisto Natchez-Kusso Tribe. [178]
Former Cherokee Nation Secretary of State Chuck Hoskin Jr. was elected principal chief in a contentious election. [179] David Hill was elected principal chief of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation in an extended election process that included a rerun of the primary election due to questions about how absentee ballots were handled. [180] [181] Also in elections for open seats, Teri Gobin was elected chairwoman of the Tulalip Tribes [182] and Reginald Atkinson was elected mayor of the Metlakatla Indian Community. [183]
Ned Norris Jr. was elected chairman of the Tohono O'odham Nation, a position he previously held for two terms, defeating incumbent chairman Edward Manuel. [184] [185] Cyrus Ben defeated incumbent Tribal Chief Phyliss J. Anderson to lead the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians. [186] Byron Nelson Jr. was elected tribal chairman of the Hoopa Valley Tribe, defeating incumbent Ryan Jackson. [187] Manuel Heart, who previously served multiple terms as Ute Mountain Ute Tribe tribal chairman, defeated incumbent Harold Cuthair. [188] Jimmy Whiteshirt defeated incumbent Bruce Pratt in a runoff election to become president of the Pawnee Nation. [189]
A special election triggered by the resignation of Jicarilla Apache Nation President Levi Pesata in February [190] was won by Legislative Council member Darrell Paiz in a runoff, [191] and Rynalea Whiteman Pena was elected president of the Northern Cheyenne Tribal Council in a special election following the resignation of prior president L. Jace Killsback. [192] Beth Drost was elected as the first female Tribal Chair of the Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa in a special election following the death of long-time Tribal Chair Norman Deschampe. [193] Michael Fairbanks was elected Tribal Chairman of the White Earth Nation in Minnesota in a special election following the death of prior chairman Terry Tibbetts. [194]
Northern Arapaho Tribe voters rejected an effort to recall Chairman Lee Spoonhunter. [195] Similarly, the Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians voted to retain Regina Gasco-Bentley as tribal chairperson in a recall effort. [196]
Mashpee Wampanoag Tribal Council Chair Cedric Cromwell faced a September 15 recall election over questions about his management of tribal funds; however, the election was called off on September 12 due to questions about the recall petition process. [197] [198]
Republican Congressman Paul Ryan, the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives during the 115th United States Congress, declined to seek re-election in 2018. After Democrats gained a majority in the House of Representatives in the 2018 elections, House Minority Leader and former Speaker Nancy Pelosi sought election to a new term as Speaker of the House. She won election with 220 votes, all of which came from members of the Democratic Party. Most Republican members of the House voted for Kevin McCarthy, who, through a separate election, succeeded Pelosi as House Minority Leader. The remaining votes for Speaker went to several different individuals, including Republican Congressman Jim Jordan and Democratic Congresswoman Cheri Bustos. [202]
Several state Democratic and Republican parties also selected new leaders for their organizations during 2019 at party conventions or through other closed processes.
Two Republicans were charged with electoral fraud in Marion County, Ohio. The GOP candidate for Marion city auditor, Robert Landon, and Marion County Republican Party official John Matthews were charged with distributing phony sample ballots, a misdemeanor. [203]
Without providing any evidence, Republican incumbent Matt Bevin said there were "significant irregularities" in the vote count process for Kentucky governor. He refused to concede and asked for a recanvass, which took place on November 14. [204] Democrat Andy Beshear won by only 5,000 votes, and some feared Bevin was trying to steal the election. [205] However, the recanvass did not change the election outcome, and Bevin subsequently conceded. [206]
The following tables show the partisan results of the congressional, gubernatorial, and state legislative election races, as well as party switchers, in 2019. Only the affected congressional districts and states in 2019 are shown. Governorships/legislatures in these affected states that were not up for election in 2019 were already filled in for the "after 2019 elections" section. Bold indicates a change in control.
Subdivision and PVI | Before 2019 elections | After 2019 elections | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seat | PVI [207] | Incumbent | State delegation [208] | Winner | State delegation |
California 25th | Even | Dem | Dem 46–7 | Election in 2020 | |
Maryland 7th | D+26 | Dem | Dem 7–1 | Election in 2020 | |
New York 27th | R+11 | Rep | Dem 21–6 | Election in 2020 | |
North Carolina 3rd | R+12 | Rep | Rep 9–3 [a] | Rep | Rep 10–3 |
North Carolina 9th | R+8 | Vacant [a] | Rep | ||
Pennsylvania 12th | R+17 | Rep | Split 9–9 | Rep | Split 9–9 |
Wisconsin 7th | R+8 | Rep | Rep 5–3 | Election in 2020 | |
Subdivision and PVI | Change from | Change to | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seat | PVI [207] | Previous | State delegation [208] | Current | State delegation |
Michigan 3rd | R+6 | Rep | Split 7–7 | Ind | Dem 7–6–1 |
New Jersey 2nd | R+1 | Dem | Dem 11–1 | Rep | Dem 10–2 |
Before 2019 elections [208] | After 2019 elections | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
State | Governor | State leg. | Governor | State leg. |
Kentucky | Rep | Rep | Dem | Rep |
Louisiana | Dem | Rep | Dem | Rep |
Mississippi | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep |
New Jersey | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem |
Virginia | Dem | Rep | Dem | Dem |
A write-in candidate is a candidate whose name does not appear on the ballot but seeks election by asking voters to cast a vote for the candidate by physically writing in the person's name on the ballot. Depending on electoral law it may be possible to win an election by winning a sufficient number of such write-in votes, which count equally as if the person were formally listed on the ballot.
The 1990 United States Senate elections were held on Tuesday, November 6, 1990, with the 33 seats of Class 2 contested in regular elections. Special elections were also held to fill vacancies. The Democratic Party increased its majority with a net gain of one seat from the Republican Party. The election cycle took place in the middle of President George H. W. Bush's term, and as with most other midterm elections, the party not holding the presidency gained seats in Congress. This was the first time since 1980 that any party successfully defended all their own seats, and the first time Democrats did so since 1958.
United States gubernatorial elections were held in four states. Kentucky and Mississippi held their general elections on November 4. Louisiana held the first round of its jungle primary on October 4 and the runoff on November 15. In addition, California held a recall election on October 7.
The 2007 United States elections were held on Tuesday, November 6. During this off-year election, the only seats up for election in the United States Congress were special elections held throughout the year. None of these congressional seats changed party hands. There were also several gubernatorial races and state legislative elections, and numerous citizen initiatives, mayoral races in several major cities, and several types of local offices on the ballot.
The 2003 United States elections, most of which were held on Tuesday, November 4, were off-year elections in which no members of the Congress were standing for election. However, there were three gubernatorial races, state legislative elections in four states, numerous citizen initiatives, mayoral races in several major cities, and a variety of local offices on the ballot.
The 2014 United States Senate elections were held on November 4, 2014. A total of 36 seats in the 100-member U.S. Senate were contested. 33 Class 2 seats were contested for regular 6-year terms to be served from January 3, 2015, to January 3, 2021, and 3 Class 3 seats were contested in special elections due to Senate vacancies. The elections marked 100 years of direct elections of U.S. senators. Going into the elections, 21 of the contested seats were held by the Democratic Party, while 15 were held by the Republican Party.
The 2011 United States elections were held on Tuesday, November 8. This was an off-year election, in which the only seats up for election in the United States Congress were special elections. There were also four gubernatorial races, including a special election in West Virginia. There were also state legislative elections in four states and judicial elections in three states; as well as numerous citizen initiatives, mayoral races, and a variety of other local offices on the ballot.
The 2013 United States elections were held on Tuesday, November 5, 2013. This off-year election cycle featured several special elections to the United States Congress; two gubernatorial races; state legislative elections in a few states; and numerous citizen initiatives, mayoral races, and a variety of other local offices on the ballot.
The 2015 United States elections were held on Tuesday, November 3. The off-year election included a special election for Speaker of the House. There were also gubernatorial and state legislative elections in a few states; as well as numerous citizen initiatives, mayoral races, and a variety of other local offices on the ballot.
The 2016 United States elections were held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016. Republican nominee Donald Trump defeated Democratic former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in the presidential election, while Republicans retained control of Congress. This marked the first time Republicans won or held unified control of the presidency and Congress since 2004, and would not do so again until 2024.
The 2018 United States elections were held on Tuesday, November 6, 2018. These midterm elections occurred during Incumbent Republican President Donald Trump's first term. Although the Republican Party increased its majority in the Senate, unified Republican control of Congress and the White House was brought to an end when the Democratic Party won control of the House of Representatives in what was widely characterized as a "blue wave" election as Democrats also gained governorships, other statewide offices, and state legislative chambers.
The 2017 United States elections were held, in large part, on Tuesday, November 7, 2017. This off-year election featured gubernatorial elections in Virginia and New Jersey, as well as state legislative elections in both houses of the New Jersey Legislature and in the Virginia House of Delegates. Numerous citizen initiatives, mayoral races, and a variety of other local elections also occurred. Special elections were also held for one seat of the U.S. Senate, representing Alabama, and six seats of the U.S. House of Representatives. The Democrats picked up the governorship in New Jersey and the Alabama Senate seat that was up for a special election. The governorship in Virginia and the six House seats that were up for special elections did not change party hands.
The 2020 United States elections were held on Tuesday, November 3, 2020. The Democratic Party's nominee, former vice president Joe Biden, defeated incumbent Republican president Donald Trump in the presidential election. Despite losing seats in the House of Representatives, Democrats retained control of the House and very narrowly gained control of the Senate. As a result, the Democrats obtained a government trifecta, the first time since the elections in 2008 that the party gained unified control of Congress and the presidency. With Trump losing his bid for re-election, he became the first president to have seen his party lose the presidency and control of both the House and the Senate since Herbert Hoover in 1932. This was the first time since 1980 that either chamber of Congress flipped partisan control in a presidential year, and the first time Democrats did so since 1948.
United States gubernatorial elections were held on November 5, 2019, in Kentucky and Mississippi, and on October 12, 2019, with a runoff on November 16, in Louisiana. These elections formed part of the 2019 United States elections. The last regular gubernatorial elections for all three states were in 2015. The Democrats had to defend an incumbent in Louisiana, while the Republicans had to defend an incumbent in Kentucky plus an open seat in Mississippi. Though all three seats up were in typically Republican states, the election cycle became unexpectedly competitive: Kentucky and Louisiana were seen as highly contested races; and Mississippi's race ultimately became closer than usual, despite being seen as favorable for the Republicans.
The 2022 United States elections were held on November 8, 2022, with the exception of absentee balloting. During this U.S. midterm election, which occurred during the term of incumbent president Joe Biden of the Democratic Party, all 435 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives and 35 of the 100 seats in the U.S. Senate were contested to determine the 118th United States Congress. Thirty-nine state and territorial U.S. gubernatorial elections, as well as numerous state and local elections, were also contested. This was the first election affected by the 2022 redistricting that followed the 2020 census. The Republican Party ended unified Democratic control of Congress and the presidency by winning a majority in the House of Representatives while Democrats expanded their Senate majority.
United States gubernatorial elections were held on November 8, 2022, in 36 states and three territories. As most governors serve four-year terms, the last regular gubernatorial elections for all but two of the seats took place in 2018. The gubernatorial elections took place concurrently with several other federal, state, and local elections, as part of the 2022 midterm elections.
The 2024 United States elections were held on Tuesday, November 5, 2024. In the presidential election, former Republican President Donald Trump, seeking a non-consecutive second term, defeated the incumbent Democratic Vice President Kamala Harris. Republicans also gained control of the Senate and held narrow control of the House of Representatives, winning a government trifecta for the first time since 2016.
The 2021 United States elections were held in large part on Tuesday, November 2, 2021. This off-year election included the regular gubernatorial elections in New Jersey and Virginia. In addition, state legislative elections were held for the New Jersey Legislature and Virginia House of Delegates, along with numerous state legislative special elections, citizen initiatives, mayoral races, and a variety of other local elections. Six special elections to the United States House of Representatives also took place on November 2 or earlier as a result of either deaths or vacancies. The first of these was held on March 20.
The 2023 United States elections were held, in large part, on Tuesday, November 7, 2023. The off-year election included gubernatorial and state legislative elections in a few states, as well as numerous citizen initiatives, mayoral races, and a variety of other local offices on the ballot. At least three special elections to the United States Congress were scheduled as either deaths or vacancies arose. The Democratic Party retained control of the governorship in Kentucky, flipped the Wisconsin Supreme Court and held a seat on the Pennsylvania Supreme Court, gained six seats in the New Jersey General Assembly, and won back unified control of the Virginia General Assembly, while Republicans also flipped the governorship in Louisiana and narrowly retained Mississippi's governorship. The election cycle also saw Ohio voting to enshrine abortion rights in the state constitution and legalize cannabis for recreational use. The results were widely seen as a success for the Democratic Party.
The 2019 United States attorney general elections were held primarily on November 5, 2019, in 3 states. The previous attorney general elections for this group of states took place in 2015. One state attorney general ran for reelection and won, while Democrat Jim Hood of Mississippi and Andy Beshear of Kentucky did not run for re-election to run for governor.
State legislation related to the administration of elections introduced in 2011 through this year