2026 United States elections

Last updated

2026 United States elections
← 2024          2025         2026         2027          2028 →
Midterm elections
Election dayNovember 3
Incumbent president Donald Trump (Republican)
Next Congress 120th
Senate elections
Seats contested35 of 100 seats
(33 seats of Class 2 + 2 special elections)
2026 United States Senate elections retirements map.svg
Map of the incumbents:
     Democratic incumbent     Democratic incumbent retiring
     Republican incumbent     Republican incumbent retiring
     No election
House elections
Seats contestedAll 435 voting-members
5 of 6 non-voting delegates
2026 United States House of Representatives elections retirements or losses of renomination map.svg
Map of the incumbents:
     Democratic incumbent     Democratic incumbent retiring
     Republican incumbent     Republican incumbent retiring
     Democratic and Republican incumbent
     Vacant or no incumbent     TBD congressional map
Gubernatorial elections
Seats contested39 (36 states, 3 territories)
2026 United States gubernatorial elections.svg
Map of the incumbents:
     Democratic incumbent     Term-limited or retiring Democrat
     Republican incumbent     Term-limited or retiring Republican
     Independent incumbent
     No election

Elections are scheduled to be held in the United States, in large part, on November 3, 2026. In this U.S. midterm election, which will occur during Republican President Donald Trump's non-consecutive second term, all 435 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives and 35 of the 100 seats in the U.S. Senate will be contested to determine the 120th United States Congress. Thirty-nine state and territorial U.S. gubernatorial elections, as well as numerous state and local elections, will also be contested.

Contents

Federal elections

Senate elections

35 seats will be up for election, including 33 Class 2 seats. Special elections will be held to fill any other vacancies that arise during the 119th Congress.

House of Representatives elections

All 435 voting seats in the United States House of Representatives will be up for election; additionally, elections will be held to select the non-voting delegate for the District of Columbia as well as the non-voting delegates from 4 of the 5 U.S. territories, excluding Puerto Rico. There are 16 Democratic incumbents in districts Donald Trump won, while only 3 Republican incumbents are in seats won by Harris. [1] Ohio and Utah will have new congressional districts this cycle, while Texas redrew its map mid-cycle. [2] [3]

Generic congressional ballot aggregate polls

AggregatorUpdatedRepublicansDemocratsUnsure/OtherLead
Real Clear Politics August 28, 202541.7%44.2%14.1%Democrats +2.5%
Decision Desk HQ August 26, 202539.5%42.5%18%Democrats +3.0%
Average40.6%43.4%16%Democrats +2.8%

State elections

Attorney general elections Term-limited Democrat Term-limited or retiring Republican Democratic incumbent Republican incumbent No election 2026 United States attorney general elections map.svg
Attorney general elections
     Term-limited Democrat     Term-limited or retiring Republican
     Democratic incumbent     Republican incumbent
     No election
Secretary of state elections Term-limited or retiring Democrat Term-limited or retiring Republican Democratic incumbent Republican incumbent No election 2026 United States secretary of state elections map.svg
Secretary of state elections
     Term-limited or retiring Democrat     Term-limited or retiring Republican
     Democratic incumbent     Republican incumbent
     No election
Treasurer elections Term-limited Democrat Term-limited Republican Democratic incumbent Republican incumbent No election 2026 United States state treasurer elections.svg
Treasurer elections
     Term-limited Democrat     Term-limited Republican
     Democratic incumbent     Republican incumbent
     No election

Gubernatorial elections

36 states and three territories will be holding regularly scheduled gubernatorial elections. The governors of 15 states and two territories will be term-limited.

Lieutenant gubernatorial elections

Ten states will be holding regularly scheduled lieutenant gubernatorial elections.

Attorney general elections

30 states, two territories, and one federal district will be holding regularly scheduled attorney general elections.

Secretary of state elections

26 states will be holding regularly scheduled secretary of state elections.

Treasurer elections

27 states will be holding regularly scheduled treasurer elections.

Auditor elections

23 states will be holding regularly scheduled auditor elections.

Legislative elections

88 state legislative chambers and 5 territorial chambers will be holding regularly scheduled elections.

State judicial elections

Elections are scheduled to be held in 2026, in various states across the country, for both supreme courts and appellate courts.

Local elections

Mayoral elections

A number of major cities will hold mayoral elections in 2026.

Eligible incumbents

Ineligible or retiring incumbents

County elections

Eligible incumbents

Ineligible or retiring incumbents

Opinion polling

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size [a] 		Margin
of error		 Democratic
Republican
Other/
Undecided		Lead
The Economist/YouGov [9] [10] August 1–4, 20251,528 (RV)± 3.0%44%38%18% [b] 6%
McLaughlin & Associates (R) [11] [A] July 21–24, 20252,000 (RV)–46%43%11%3%
1,633 (LV)48%44%8%4%
Fabrizio (R)/Impact Research (D) [12] [13] [B] July 16–20, 20251,500 (RV)± 2.5%46%43%10% [c] 3%
Emerson College [14] July 21–22, 20251,400 (LV)± 2.5%44%42%14%2%
AtlasIntel [15] July 13–18, 20251,935 (A)± 2.0%51%43%6% [d] 8%
Rasmussen Reports (R) [16] July 13–17, 20252,288 (LV)± 2.0%46%42%12%4%
RMG Research [17] [C] July 14–16, 20252,000 (RV)± 2.2%45%49%6% [e] 4%
Big Data Poll (R) [18] [19] July 12–14, 20253,022 (RV)± 1.8%42%41%17% [f] 1%
Echelon Insights [20] July 10–14, 20251,084 (LV)± 3.6%47%48%5%1%
45%41%14% [g] 4%
McLaughlin & Associates (R) [21] July 9–14, 20251,000 (LV)± 2.5%42%47%11%5%
A2 Insights [22] July 7–10, 2025862 (RV)–48%44%8%4%
Strength In Numbers/Verasight [23] July 1–3, 20251,500 (A)± 2.7%47%43%10%4%
Cygnal (R) [24] July 1–2, 20251,500 (LV)± 2.5%47%46%7%1%
Emerson College [25] June 24–25, 20251,000 (LV)± 3.0%43%40%17%3%
American Pulse Research & Polling (R) [26] June 23–25, 2025633 (RV)–47%42%11% [h] 5%
Cygnal (R) [27] June 19–21, 2025800 (LV)± 3.5%48%46%6%2%
RMG Research [28] [C] June 18–19, 20251,000 (RV)± 3.1%44%52%4% [e] 8%
Echelon Insights [29] June 12–16, 2025982 (LV)± 3.8%47%48%5%1%
co/efficient (R) [30] June 12–16, 20251,035 (LV)± 3.2%46%46%8% [i] Tie
Clarity Campaign Labs (D) [31] June 5–14, 20251,000 (V)± 3.1%50%45%5%5%
Strength In Numbers/Verasight [32] June 6–12, 20251,500 (A)± 2.6%45%37%18%8%
Quantus Insights (R) [33] [D] June 9–11, 20251,000 (RV)± 3.0%43%43%14%Tie
Quantus Insights (R) [34] [D] June 1–4, 20251,000 (RV)± 3.0%46%45%9%1%
AtlasIntel [35] May 21–27, 20253,469 (A)± 2.0%51%42%7%9%
McLaughlin & Associates (R) [36] May 21–26, 20251,000 (LV)–43%47%10%4%
RMG Research [37] [C] May 20–21, 20251,000 (RV)± 3.1%48%45%4% [e] 3%
Fabrizio Ward (R) [38] [E] May 15–19, 2025800 (RV)± 3.5%42%42%16%Tie
Echelon Insights [39] May 8–12, 20251,000 (LV)± 3.8%47%48%5%1%
co/efficient (R) [40] May 7–9, 20251,462 (LV)± 3.3%45%42%10% [j] 3%
Quantus Insights (R) [41] [D] May 5–7, 20251,000 (RV)± 3.0%45%45%10%Tie
Big Data Poll (R) [42] [43] May 3–5, 20253,128 (RV)± 1.8%40%42%18% [f] 2%
Strength In Numbers/Verasight [44] May 1–6, 20251,000 (A)± 3.2%47%41%12%6%
NewsNation/DDHQ [45] April 23–27, 20251,448 (RV)± 2.4%45%40%15% [k] 5%
New York Times/Siena College [46] April 21–24, 2025913 (RV)± 3.0%47%44%9%3%
Beacon Research (D)/
Shaw & Company Research (R) [47] [F] 		April 18–21, 20251,104 (RV)± 3.0%49%42%9%7%
Noble Predictive Insights/The Center Square [48] April 15–18, 20252,500 (LV)± 2.0%45%42%13%3%
RMG Research [49] [C] April 16, 20251,000 (RV)± 3.1%50%45%5% [e] 5%
Hart Research Associates (D)/
Public Opinion Strategies (R) [50] [G] 		April 9–13, 2025– (RV)–45%42%13%3%
RealClear Opinion Research [51] [52] April 10–12, 20251,000 (RV)± 3.0%40%39%21%1%
Cygnal (R) [53] April 1–3, 20251,500 (LV)± 2.5%48%47%5%1%
Yale Youth Poll [54] April 1–3, 20254,100 (RV)± 1.9%43%42%15%1%
Quantus Insights (R) [55] [D] March 25–27, 20251,000 (RV)± 3.5%45%46%9%1%
Echelon Insights [56] March 10–13, 20251,007 (LV)± 3.5%46%47%7%1%
Hart Research Associates (D)/
Public Opinion Strategies (R) [57] [H] 		March 7–11, 20251,000 (RV)± 3.1%48%47%5%1%
Clarity Campaign Labs (D) [58] March 3–9, 20251,036 (V)± 1.7%46%44%10%2%
Cygnal (R) [59] March 3–5, 20251,500 (LV)± 2.5%47%46%7%1%
Emerson College [60] March 2–3, 20251,000 (RV)± 3.0%44%41%15%3%
Public Opinion Strategies (R) [61] [I] February 25 – March 2, 20251,000 (RV)± 3.5%44%46%10%2%
RMG Research [62] [C] February 20–21, 20251,000 (RV)± 3.1%46%48%6% [e] 2%
co/efficient (R) [63] February 15–17, 20252,063 (LV)± 3.4%44%46%10%2%
Echelon Insights [64] February 10–13, 20251,010 (LV)± 3.6%46%47%7%1%
Quantus Insights (R) [65] [D] February 10–12, 20251,000 (RV)± 3.5%44%48%8%4%
Cygnal (R) [66] February 4–5, 20251,500 (LV)± 2.5%46%47%7%1%
Clarity Campaign Labs (D) [67] January 31 – February 6, 20251,102 (V)± 1.5%45%44%11%1%
Fabrizio Ward (R)/Impact Research (D) [68] [J] January 27 – February 1, 20253,000 (RV)± 1.8%43%43%14%Tie
RMG Research [69] [C] January 15–16, 20251,000 (RV)± 3.1%44%51%5% [e] 7%
Quantus Insights (R) [70] [D] February 10–12, 20251,000 (RV)± 3.5%45%48%7%3%
Cygnal (R) [71] January 9–12, 20251,500 (LV)± 2.5%45%47%8%2%
McLaughlin & Associates (R) [72] December 11–16, 20241,000 (LV)–42%47%11%5%
Cygnal (R) [73] December 9–11, 20241,500 (LV)± 2.5%45%48%7%3%

Elections by state

Elections by territory

Notes

  1. ↑ Key:
    A – all adults
    RV – registered voters
    LV – likely voters
  2. ↑ "I would not vote" with 3%; "Other" with 1%
  3. ↑ "Refused" with 1%
  4. ↑ "Would not vote" with 1%
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Would not vote" with 2%
  6. 1 2 "Someone else / third party" with 6%
  7. ↑ America Party candidate with 5%
  8. ↑ "Or Another Third Party Candidate" with 2%
  9. ↑ "Other" with 2%
  10. ↑ "Other" with 3%
  11. ↑ "A third-party candidate" with 9%; "Would not vote" with 6%

Partisan clients

  1. ↑ Poll sponsored by America's New Majority Project
  2. ↑ Poll conducted for The Wall Street Journal
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Poll sponsored by Napolitan News Service
  4. ↑ Poll sponsored by the Pinpoint Policy Institute
  5. ↑ Poll conducted for Fox News
  6. ↑ Poll conducted for CNBC
  7. ↑ Poll conducted for NBC News
  8. ↑ Poll conducted for the Paragon Health Institute
  9. ↑ Poll sponsored by AARP

References

  1. ↑ Kondik, Kyle (January 16, 2025). "The 2024 Crossover House Seats: Overall Number Remains Low with Few Harris-District Republicans" . Retrieved January 18, 2025.
  2. ↑ Kreemer, Avery. "Ohio congressional lines to be redrawn next year. Can gerrymandering be avoided?". Dayton Daily News. Archived from the original on December 4, 2024. Retrieved December 1, 2024.
  3. ↑ Schoenbaum, Hannah (August 25, 2025). "Judge rules Utah's congressional map must be redrawn for the 2026 elections". Associated Press . Retrieved August 25, 2025.
  4. ↑ Zahniser, David (July 1, 2024). "L.A. Mayor Karen Bass launches her reelection bid, saying, 'We cannot afford to stop our momentum'". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved July 25, 2024.
  5. ↑ McCrary, Eleanor (September 25, 2024). "Louisville mayor seeking reelection less than two years into first term". Courier Journal . Retrieved November 24, 2024.
  6. ↑ Wright, Colleen (March 29, 2024). "St. Petersburg Mayor Ken Welch says he'll run for reelection in 2026". Tampa Bay Times . Retrieved August 20, 2024.
  7. ↑ Grunwald, Emma (September 19, 2024). "Kawakami's campaign office confirms Kauaʻi mayor plans to run for Kouchi's Senate seat in 2026". Kauaʻi Now. Retrieved November 24, 2024.
  8. ↑ Kobell, Rona (January 7, 2025). "State Sen. Kathy Klausmeier named Baltimore County Executive". The Baltimore Banner. Retrieved January 7, 2025.
  9. ↑ Garcia, Eric (August 5, 2025). "Democrats have early edge over Republicans in 2026 midterm election poll". The Independent . Retrieved August 5, 2025.
  10. ↑ "Congressional ballot voting intention". YouGov . Retrieved August 5, 2025.
  11. ↑ "America's New Majority Project – Gingrich 360 – McLaughlin & Associates: National Survey: 2,000 Registered Voters" (PDF). America's New Majority Project. July 28, 2025. Retrieved August 1, 2025.
  12. ↑ Zitner, Aaron (July 25, 2025). "Democrats Get Lowest Rating From Voters in 35 Years, WSJ Poll Finds". The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved August 1, 2025.
  13. ↑ "Wall Street Journal Poll – July 2025" (PDF). The Wall Street Journal . July 25, 2025. Retrieved August 1, 2025.
  14. ↑ Mumford, Camille (July 25, 2025). "July 2025 National Poll: Six Months In, Trump's Approval Split while Majority Disapprove of Administration's Handling of Epstein Files". Emerson College Polling. Retrieved August 1, 2025.
  15. ↑ "Atlas US National Poll - July 2025" (PDF). AtlasIntel . July 18, 2025. Retrieved August 1, 2025.
  16. ↑ "Generic Congressional Ballot – Democrats Expand Lead in 2026 Congressional Forecast". Rasmussen Reports . July 22, 2025. Retrieved August 1, 2025.
  17. ↑ "Generic Ballot July 2025: Republicans 46% Democrats 42%". Napolitan News Service. July 21, 2025. Retrieved August 1, 2025.
  18. ↑ "Poll: Trump Approval Turns Slightly Negative in July – Democrats Lead Generic Ballot for the First Time in Trump's Second Presidency". Big Data Poll. July 16, 2025. Retrieved August 5, 2025.
  19. ↑ "BIG DATA POLL — National Poll July 12-14, 2025". Big Data Poll. July 16, 2025. Retrieved August 5, 2025.
  20. ↑ "July 2025 Voter Omnibus Topline" (PDF). Echelon Insights. July 21, 2025. Retrieved August 1, 2025.
  21. ↑ "National Survey and Political Environment Analysis Likely General Election Voters Presented by: John McLaughlin On the web www.mclaughlinonline.com" (PDF). McLaughlin & Associates. July 15, 2025. Retrieved August 1, 2025.
  22. ↑ "A2 Insights US National Poll – July 2025". A2 Insights. July 11, 2025. Retrieved August 1, 2025.
  23. ↑ Morris, G. Elliott (July 22, 2025). "New poll: Democrats lead House generic ballot; deportations unpopular; Musk party flops". Strength In Numbers . Retrieved August 1, 2025.
  24. ↑ "Survey of Likely 2026 General Election Voters – National" (PDF). Cygnal. July 3, 2025. Retrieved August 1, 2025.
  25. ↑ "June 2025 National Poll: Democratic Nomination Up for Grabs as Harris Loses Edge, Vance Frontrunner in 2028 GOP Race". Emerson College Polling. June 27, 2025. Retrieved August 1, 2025.
  26. ↑ @IAPolls2022 (June 26, 2025). "2026 Generic Congressional Ballot: Democrats: 46.6%, Republicans: 42.4%. Independents: Dem 47-26% —— @AmericanPulseUS. 6/23-25 – 633 RV" (Tweet). Retrieved August 1, 2025– via Twitter.
  27. ↑ "Survey of Likely 2026 General Election Voters – National" (PDF). Cygnal. June 22, 2025. Retrieved August 5, 2025.
  28. ↑ "Generic Ballot: GOP Hold's Largest Lead Of The Year". Napolitan News Service. June 23, 2025. Retrieved August 1, 2025.
  29. ↑ "June 2025 Voter Omnibus Topline" (PDF). Echelon Insights. July 17, 2025. Retrieved August 2, 2025.
  30. ↑ "Widespread Support for the Key Policies Within the "One Big Beautiful Bill"". co/efficient. June 2025. Retrieved August 5, 2025.
  31. ↑ "Clarity Omnibus Overview – March 2025" (PDF). Clarity Campaign Labs. June 2025. Retrieved August 5, 2025.
  32. ↑ Morris, G. Elliott (June 16, 2025). "New poll: Trump and deportations unpopular, Dems up 8 in House vote". Strength In Numbers . Retrieved August 1, 2025.
  33. ↑ Corley, Jason (June 12, 2025). "Quantus Insights National Poll – June 2025". Quantus Insights. Retrieved August 1, 2025.
  34. ↑ Corley, Jason (June 5, 2025). "Quantus Insights National Poll – June 1–4, 2025". Quantus Insights. Retrieved August 2, 2025.
  35. ↑ "Atlas US National Poll - May 2025" (PDF). AtlasIntel . May 30, 2025. Retrieved August 1, 2025.
  36. ↑ "National Survey and Political Environment Analysis Likely General Election Voters Presented by: John McLaughlin On the web www.mclaughlinonline.com" (PDF). McLaughlin & Associates. May 27, 2025. Retrieved August 2, 2025.
  37. ↑ "Generic Ballot: GOP 43% Dem 43%". Napolitan News Service. May 27, 2025. Retrieved August 1, 2025.
  38. ↑ Ward, Bob; Ward, John (June 2, 2025). "Pinpoint Policy Institute Quarterly Economic Tracking Poll" (PDF). Pinpoint Policy Institute. Retrieved August 1, 2025.
  39. ↑ "May 2025 Voter Omnibus Topline" (PDF). Echelon Insights. May 12, 2025. Retrieved August 2, 2025.
  40. ↑ "National Approval Study". co/efficient. May 30, 2025. Retrieved August 1, 2025.
  41. ↑ "The Nation Divided, the President Holding Ground". Quantus Insights. May 9, 2025. Retrieved August 2, 2025.
  42. ↑ "Poll: Trump Approval Tempered By Economic Concerns". Big Data Poll. May 5, 2025. Retrieved August 5, 2025.
  43. ↑ "BIG DATA POLL — National Poll May 3-5, 2025". Big Data Poll. May 5, 2025. Retrieved August 5, 2025.
  44. ↑ Morris, G. Elliott (May 14, 2025). "New poll: Americans oppose cuts to Medicaid, want Democrats to control the U.S. House". Strength In Numbers . Retrieved August 2, 2025.
  45. ↑ "Decision Desk HQ for NewsNation – April 2025". Nexstar Media Group . April 2025. Retrieved August 2, 2025.
  46. ↑ "Toplines: April 2025 Times/Siena Poll of Registered Voters Nationwide". The New York Times . April 25, 2025. Retrieved August 1, 2025.
  47. ↑ Balara, Victoria (April 25, 2025). "Fox News Poll: Democrats' favorability hits new low, still favored over GOP in 2026 midterms". Fox News . Retrieved August 1, 2025.
  48. ↑ "The Center Square Voters' Voice Poll Dashboard". The Center Square . April 2025. Retrieved August 2, 2025.
  49. ↑ "Democrats Make Huge Gains On Generic Ballot". Napolitan News Service. April 21, 2025. Retrieved August 1, 2025.
  50. ↑ Liesman, Steve (April 19, 2025). "Trump's approval rating on the economy drops to lowest of his presidential career, CNBC Survey finds". CNBC . Retrieved August 2, 2025.
  51. ↑ Cannon, Carl M.; Draeger, Jonathan (April 18, 2025). "RCP Poll: Voters See Campus Bias, Skeptical of Trump's Tariff Pitch". Real Clear Politics . Retrieved August 5, 2025.
  52. ↑ "RCOR April 2025 Poll" (PDF). Real Clear Politics . April 18, 2025. Retrieved August 5, 2025.
  53. ↑ "Survey of Likely 2026 General Election Voters – National" (PDF). Cygnal. April 4, 2025. Retrieved August 2, 2025.
  54. ↑ "Spring 2025 Poll". Yale Youth Poll. April 17, 2025. Retrieved August 5, 2025.
  55. ↑ "Trump's Standing Steadies, but Crosscurrents Remain Ahead of 2026". Quantus Insights. March 28, 2025. Retrieved August 2, 2025.
  56. ↑ "March 2025 Voter Omnibus Topline" (PDF). Echelon Insights. March 14, 2025. Retrieved August 2, 2025.
  57. ↑ Bowman, Bridget; Kamisar, Ben; Marquez, Alexandra (March 16, 2025). "Democratic Party hits new polling low, while its voters want to fight Trump harder". NBC News . Retrieved August 2, 2025.
  58. ↑ "Clarity Omnibus Overview – March 2025" (PDF). Clarity Campaign Labs. March 2025. Retrieved August 2, 2025.
  59. ↑ "Survey of Likely 2026 General Election Voters – National" (PDF). Cygnal. March 6, 2025. Retrieved August 2, 2025.
  60. ↑ "March 2025 National Poll: US Voters See No Clear Winner From Zelenskyy-Trump Meeting, Plurality Oppose US Withdrawal from NATO". Emerson College Polling. March 3, 2025. Retrieved August 2, 2025.
  61. ↑ "Paragon Health Policy Survey 2025". Paragon Health Institute. March 18, 2025. Retrieved August 5, 2025.
  62. ↑ "Republicans Hold Slim Lead In Generic Ballot". Napolitan News Service. February 28, 2025. Retrieved August 1, 2025.
  63. ↑ "DOGE Study – Part 2". co/efficient. February 2025. Retrieved August 5, 2025.
  64. ↑ "February 2025 Voter Omnibus Topline" (PDF). Echelon Insights. February 13, 2025. Retrieved August 2, 2025.
  65. ↑ "Quantus Insights Latest National Survey". Quantus Insights. February 13, 2025. Retrieved August 2, 2025.
  66. ↑ "Survey of Likely 2026 General Election Voters – National" (PDF). Cygnal. February 10, 2025. Retrieved August 2, 2025.
  67. ↑ "Clarity Omnibus Overview – Jan/Feb" (PDF). Clarity Campaign Labs. February 2025. Retrieved August 5, 2025.
  68. ↑ "National Legislative Priorities Survey – February 2025" (PDF). AARP . February 2025. Retrieved August 1, 2025.
  69. ↑ "Generic Ballot: GOP 51% Dem 44%". Napolitan News Service. January 18, 2025. Retrieved August 1, 2025.
  70. ↑ "Trump's Second Term Begins: What Voters Think". Quantus Insights. January 24, 2025. Retrieved August 5, 2025.
  71. ↑ "Survey of Likely 2026 General Election Voters – National" (PDF). Cygnal. January 13, 2025. Retrieved August 5, 2025.
  72. ↑ "National Survey and Political Environment Analysis Likely General Election Voters Presented by: John McLaughlin On the web www.mclaughlinonline.com" (PDF). McLaughlin & Associates. December 17, 2024. Retrieved August 5, 2025.
  73. ↑ "Survey of Likely 2026 General Election Voters – National" (PDF). Cygnal. December 12, 2024. Retrieved August 5, 2025.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.