East Main Street circa 1910Elks' Club, YMCA, Carnegie Library (now museum) circa 1920
The area that is now Danville was once home to the Miami, Kickapoo, and Potawatomi tribes of Native Americans.[5][6] Danville was founded in 1827 on 60 acres (240,000m2) of land donated by Guy W. Smith and 20 acres (81,000m2) donated by Dan W. Beckwith.[7] The sale of lots was set for April 10, 1827 and advertised in newspapers in Indianapolis, Indiana and the state capital of Vandalia.[1] The first post office was established in May of the same year in the house of Amos Williams, organizer of Vermilion and Edgar Counties and a prominent Danville citizen. Williams and Beckwith drew up the first plat map; the city was named after Dan Beckwith at Williams' suggestion, although Beckwith suggested the names "Williamsburg" and "Williamstown". Beckwith was born in Pennsylvania in 1795 and moved to Indiana as a young man; in 1819 he accompanied the first white explorers to the area where Danville later existed because of his interest in the salt springs of the Vermilion River. He died in 1835 of pneumonia contracted on a horseback ride back from Washington; he was 40 years old.[8]
In 1838 the Potawatomi Trail of Death camped and then passed through Danville.[9][10] Four Potawatomi people died and were buried in Danville.[11] In the mid-1800s Abraham Lincoln visited Danville over the course of approximately 18 years as he practiced law across the 8th Judicial Circuit.[12][13] Danville was home to Ward Hill Lamon his law partner who later served as his bodyguard.[14][15] Lincoln later gave a speech in his stocking feet from the balcony of Dr. William Fithian, a prominent Danville physician.[16][17]The Fithian home is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and serves as the Vermilion County Museum.[18] In 1882, a small group of Franciscan Sisters formed St. Elizabeth Hospital out of a 14-room hotel.[19] In 1883 a horsecar based streetcar was established.[20] In 1884 an opera house was constructed.[21] In 1891 the streetcar system was converted to electric streetcars.[20]
Danville became a major industrial city in the late 19th and early twentieth centuries. Starting in the 1850s Danville was an important coal mining area; some of the first open pit mining techniques were practiced here.[22] The coal formation underlying eastern Illinois and western Indiana is named the "Danville Member," after the area where it was first discovered.[23] Danville also served as a significant manufacturing center during the early 1900s, and the city's population doubled between 1900 and 1920.[24] During this time Danville also acted as a rail hub for both passenger and freight service.[24] Danville was the site of a riot in 1903, which led to the lynching of a black man and an assault on the county jail.[25]
The Danville Branch of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers opened in 1898 and, by 1910, 4,257 veterans were at the branch.[26] This branch was the eighth of ten branches founded by the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers (NHDVS), nationwide, between 1866 and 1929.[27] The Soldiers' Home was a major center in-itself with its own passenger train service, streetcar line, mess hall, farms, livestock, lake, jail, hospital, bakery, laundry stables, stores, theater, chapel, mortuary, office buildings, power plant, print shop, shoemakers, tinsmiths, barber shop and fire department.[28] The first Danville Public Library was formed out of various existing collections in 1883 and was replaced by a Carnegie library in 1904.[29] In 1910, a group of 9 elephants escaped from a Ringling circus and ran through Danville before being recaptured.[30][31]
An extension University of Illinois was created in Danville in 1946. The extension became an independent junior college in 1949.[32] The college, now called Danville Area Community College, acquired several historic buildings from the Veterans Administration which were renovated throughout the 1960s for educational purposes.[32] These acquisitions placed the college on a larger campus shared with the National Cemetery and modernized Veteran's Hospital.[26] In the 1970s the enclosed Village Mall was constructed.[33]
By 1966 only 6 mines remained in Vermilion County.[6] With the closure of the mines and many factories, including a major General Motors plant, Danville's economic base suffered in the latter half of the 20th century and the population began to decline significantly.[34][35] Many of the former mines were converted into lakes, creating fishing and recreation opportunities at parks such as Kickapoo State Recreation Area and Kennekuk Cove County Park. The 21st century has seen continued population decline but also major economic development initiatives including the restoration of the Fisher Theatre, expansion of major health care facilities, and the expansion of educational programs focused on job placement.[36][37][38]
According to the 2010 census, Danville has a total area of 17.967 square miles (46.53km2), of which 17.89 square miles (46.33km2) (or 99.57%) is land and 0.077 square miles (0.20km2) (or 0.43%) is water.[39]
Neighborhoods
A home in the West Downtown Neighborhood
Danville is made up of many neighborhoods, of which 14 have or have had official neighborhood associations and 9 have official borders.[40] The West Downtown neighborhood is one of the city's oldest, dating back to the later part of the 19th century.[41] The neighborhood was home of the Renaissance Initiative Program created in 2000, which worked for the restoration and preservation of the neighborhood's historic assets.[41][42][43] While the program officially disbanded in 2008, the West Downtown Neighborhood association continues these efforts. The Lincoln Park neighborhood is a locally designated historic district.[44][45] Within the Lincoln Park neighborhood sits the 22-acre Lincoln Park, home of the also locally designed historic landmark the Lamon House.[44] The Danville Neighborhood Leadership Council works to promote neighborhood associations, improve quality of life, and coordinate with City of Danville departments.[40][46]
Danville is broadly divided into three districts. including the downtown district, the retail district, and the campus district.[47][48][49] The downtown district consists of the historic core of the city, the retail district includes the northside retail corridor, and the campus district includes the Danville Area Community College (DACC) and VA campuses on the city's east side.
Economy
Danville's main shopping center is the Village Mall, opened in 1975. Additional retail has spread north on Route 1 Vermilion Street since the early 90s, ranging from traditional big-box stores to retail infill and redevelopment of abandoned shopping centers. Retail in the community has increased after a large influx of redevelopment and green development, beginning in 2013 with the addition of Meijer and the Kohl's Plaza.
Portions of Danville are covered under the Illinois Enterprise Zone Program tax incentive program.[50] Additionally, the City of Danville has created five Tax Increment Financing districts, including downtown, campus corridor, midtown, east Voorhees, and western gateway.[51] Other available programs include a small business revolving loan fund and a downtown special service area (SSA).[51][52][53] Economic development initiatives in the county, including in Danville, are covered by the organization Vermilion Advantage as well as Downtown Danville Inc, the City of Danville, and other partners.[54][55]
The largest employment sectors in the Danville MSA are government (14.6%), employee of private company workers (67.6%), private not for profit (8.7%).
Following the legalization of Cannabis in Illinois, Danville's location on the Indiana state line made it an attractive location for a recreational cannabis dispensary (cannabis remains illegal in Indiana). Cresco Labs opened an adult-use dispensary under the Sunnyside brand in Danville in May 2020.[56]
Arts and culture
Walldog Mural of celebrities
Tourism
Tourism provides a significant economic impact to the Danville area.[57] Danville is rich in Lincoln history, with over 12 sites commemorating his 18 years practicing law there while riding the 8th Judicial Circuit.[58] Danville is a designated Looking for Lincoln gateway community and is home of three Looking for Lincoln wayside exhibits.[58][59]
Fischer Theatre located in downtown Danville and listed on the National Register of Historic Places
Other tourist attractions include the historic downtown district, home of the Fischer Theatre, which includes a museum dedicated to the many famous performers who have lived in Danville, including Dick Van Dyke, Jerry Van Dyke, Donald O'Connor, Bobby Short, and Helen Morgan.[60][61][62] The downtown area also includes the performance space Temple Plaza, Palmer Arena and ice rink, and 18 murals painted in 4 days by 160 Walldog artists from all over the world.[62][63]
Stilt walkers from First Fridays Sweets in the Streets.
The City of Danville organizes First Fridays in Downtown Danville, a 12 month event series that are often free to low cost for the community to enjoy. July the city attracts hot air balloon enthusiasts from around the region for Balloons Over Vermilion, which takes place at the Vermilion Regional Airport, and a Splash-n-Dash flight over Lake Vermilion.[68][69][70] In June regional artists descend on Danville for the annual Arts in the Park event in the historic Lincoln Park.[71][72] Throughout the summer downtown's Temple Plaza hosts the Summer Sounds Concert Series.[73] In the fall, the City host the Vermilion River Fall Festival at the historic Ellsworth Park.[74][75] The area is home to many other events throughout the year, including parades, farmers' markets, sporting events, and festivals.
Cultural institutions
Danville is home to several significant cultural institutions and museums. Artistic institutions include the Danville Art League, headquartered in the west downtown neighborhood; the Danville Symphony Orchestra; the Danville Light Opera; the Dark Horse Theater Company; the Red Mask Players; and the DACC Players (from the Danville Area Community College.[76][77][78] Performance venues include the historic Fischer Theatre, the Kathryn Randolph Theater, and the performance venues on DACC's campus. Museums in the city include the Vermilion County Museum, the Vermilion County War Museum, and the Fischer Arts & Entertainment Museum.[79][80][81]
Parks and recreation
The city of Danville maintains 20+ parks and recreation facilities, from small pocket parks to large regionally significant parklands.[82] Danville's parks contribute to a county-wide collection that includes four county parks and three state parks.[83] When combined with the city parkland, these total more than 15,000 acres, providing more acres of public park per capita than in any other county in Illinois.[83]
Danville sits along the shore of Lake Vermilion, which is a 1,000-acre reservoir.[84] The lake allows for fishing, bird watching, and unlimited-horsepower marine boating, jet-skiing, and waterskiing.[85] Danville also sits along the Vermilion River, which provides recreational opportunities and supports abundant wildlife.[86]
Temple Plaza in downtown Danville
There are several notable parks within the city, including Lincoln Park, home of mature trees, tennis courts, and the Abraham Lincoln–associated Lamon House (a Greek Revival cottage built in 1850 by Joseph and Melissa Beckwith Lamon).[87] On the west side of the city, the North Fork of the Vermilion River winds through Harrison Park Golf Course, providing a backdrop for the 235-acre golf course and hiking destination.[88] On the north side, the Heron County Park Wetlands Boardwalk extends into Lake Vermilion and includes a 950-foot handicapped-accessible floating boardwalk that weaves through the marshland. The park also contains a 30-foot observation tower, which often provides views of bald eagles and American egrets.[89] on the West end of town is Ellsworth Park home to disc golf, park equipment, shelters, and walking paths.
Espensheild Dog Park in the Fall
The downtown district contains five pocket parks, including Lindley Sign Forest and Temple Plaza. Temple Plaza hosts a number of community events throughout the year; including a summer concert series and a brick relief sculpture created by Texas-based artist Donna Dobberfuhl.[90]
Additional recreational opportunities exist throughout the community, including Fetch Dog Park, the Danville Dans collegiate summer league baseball team, Garfield Park Aquatic Center, and many community sports leagues.[83]
The city made national headlines with a Wall Street Journal article criticizing Danville and other municipalities nationwide for misappropriating COVID-19 funds. Out of the $26 million received from the federal government, Danville spent approximately half on a new water park.[91]
In recent years, average temperatures in Danville have ranged from a low of 17°F (−8°C) in January to a high of 86°F (30°C) in July, although a record low of −26°F (−32°C) was recorded in January 1994 and a record high of 112°F (44°C) was recorded in July 1936. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 1.99 inches (51mm) inches in February to 4.70 inches (119mm) inches in June.[92]
Climate data for Danville, Illinois (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1895–present)
In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.4% under the age of 18, and 18.5% for those 65 years and over. For every 100 females, there were 99.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.7 males.
There were 11,595 households, out of which 24.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 27.2% were married couples living together, 41.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.8% were non-families. 7.8% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.27, and the average family size was 3.25.
The median income for a household in the city was $44,239 and the median income for a family was $59,930, and Married-couples families had a median income of $90,409. The per capita income for the city was $26,877. 25.1% of the population. Out of the total people living in poverty, 23.2% were between 18 and 64 years old.
In 2020, Danville was named one of the most dangerous cities in the country and the second most dangerous in the Midwest. The same study found Danville the 6th most dangerous metro area in the country and the most dangerous metro area in the state.[98]
1985: Wilbur Scharlau, appointed acting mayor by city council following Palmer's death
1985–1986: Hardin W. Hawes, appointed acting mayor following Scharlau's resignation[102]
1986–1987: Wilbur Scharlau, appointed mayor following resignation of Hawes
1987–2003: Robert E. Jones, namesake of Danville Municipal building
2003–2018: Scott Eisenhauer, namesake of Danville Public Works Building
2018–present: Rickey Williams Jr., appointed Acting Mayor by the city council, following Eisenhauer's resignation. Elected to full term on April 2, 2019. Defeated Former Vermilion County Board Chairman James McMahon, Alderman Steve Nichols, and Donald Crews.
Vermilion County is a county in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Illinois, between the Indiana border and Champaign County. It was established in 1826 and was the 45th of Illinois' 102 counties. According to the 2020 United States census, it had a population of 74,188. It contains 21 incorporated settlements; the county seat and largest city is Danville.
Urbana is a city in and the county seat of Champaign County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, Urbana had a population of 38,336. It is a principal city of the Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area, which had 236,000 residents in 2020.
Peoria is a city in and the county seat of Peoria County, Illinois, United States. Located on the Illinois River, the city had a population of 113,150 as of the 2020 census, making it the eighth-most populous city in Illinois. It is the principal city of the Peoria metropolitan area in Central Illinois, consisting of the counties of Fulton, Marshall, Peoria, Stark, Tazewell, and Woodford which had a population of 402,391 in 2020.
Fithian is a village in Oakwood Township, Vermilion County, Illinois, United States. It is part of the Danville, Illinois Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 485 at the 2010 census.
Rossville is a village in Ross Township, Vermilion County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 1,221. It is part of the Danville, Illinois Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Kenosha is a city in and the seat of Kenosha County, Wisconsin, United States. Per the 2020 census, the population was 99,986, which made it the fourth-most populous city in Wisconsin. Situated on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan, Kenosha is a satellite city located roughly 40 miles (64 km) south of Milwaukee and 66 miles (106 km) north of Chicago and has significant cultural and economic connections to both cities. Interstate 94 runs along Kenosha's western border.
Hyde Park is a neighborhood on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, located on and near the shore of Lake Michigan 7 miles (11 km) south of the Loop. It is one of the city's 77 community areas.
Lincoln Park is a designated community area on the North Side of Chicago, Illinois. It is located west of Lincoln Park.
The Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area, also known as Champaign–Urbana and Urbana–Champaign as well as Chambana (colloquially), is a metropolitan area in east-central Illinois. As defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), the metropolitan area has a population of 235,608 as of the 2023 U.S. Census Bureau estimate, which ranks it as the 201st largest metropolitan statistical area in the U.S. The area is anchored by the principal cities of Champaign and Urbana, and is home to the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, the flagship campus of the University of Illinois system.
Danville Area Community College (DACC) is a public community college in Danville, Illinois. It was founded in 1946 as an extension of the University of Illinois; it has grown into an independent college offering courses in 76 areas of study. These include college transfer, occupational degrees and certificates, re-training, skill development, customized training and areas of special interest. As of the Fall 2022 semester, there were 1924 students enrolled at the college.
Illinois's 2nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Illinois. Based in the south suburbs of Chicago, the district includes southern Cook county, eastern Will county, and Kankakee county, as well as the city of Chicago's far southeast side.
Central Illinois is a region of the U.S. state of Illinois that consists of the entire central third of the state, divided from north to south. Also known as the Heart of Illinois, it is characterized by small towns and mid-sized cities. Agriculture, particularly corn and soybeans, as well as educational institutions and manufacturing centers, figure prominently.
William B. Black was an American politician who was a Republican member of the Illinois House of Representatives, representing the 104th district from 1986 until 2011. He was the Deputy Republican Leader.
This article is a timeline of Vermilion County, Illinois history.
Danville Public Library is a library in Danville, Illinois, formed in 1883 by consolidating several existing collections. Originally it existed in rented space in buildings in downtown Danville. On November 7, 1904, a new Carnegie library opened and served for the next 91 years. The library had a Beaux-Arts design with columns flanking the front doors and a parapet wall above the entrance. It was expanded in 1929 thanks to a gift from Augustus Webster.
The Abraham Lincoln National Heritage Area is a National Heritage Area in central Illinois telling the story of Abraham Lincoln. Spanning 43 counties, it is a federally-designated area intended to encourage historic preservation and an appreciation of the history and heritage of the site, with assistance from the National Park Service.
The Fithian House is a historic house located at 116 N. Gilbert St. in Danville, Vermilion County Illinois. The Italianate house was built in 1855 for William Fithian. Fithian was a physician and a politician who served in the Illinois House of Representatives and Illinois Senate. In addition, Fithian donated land for and was the namesake of Fithian, Illinois, a Vermilion County village located west of Danville. Abraham Lincoln was a close friend of Fithian's, and while visiting Danville during his 1858 senatorial campaign, he stayed in the house and gave a speech from its second-floor balcony.
William Fithian was an American physician and politician reputedly born in Cincinnati, Ohio. Moving to Danville, Illinois after success in medicine, he became a supporter of the Whig Party. Fithian served in the Illinois General Assembly for ten years, mostly in the Senate. A supporter of Abraham Lincoln, Fithian was appointed a Provost Marshal for the Civil War.
Rickey Williams Jr. is an American politician, the first African-American to serve as mayor of Danville, Illinois, the county seat of Vermilion County.
The Vermilion Valley Conference is a high school conference in east-central Illinois, in the United States. The conference participates in athletics and activities in the Illinois High School Association. The conference comprises 13 small public high schools and one small private school, with enrollments between 100 and 400 students in Edgar, Iroquois and Vermilion counties.
References
1 2 Stapp, Katherine; W. I. Bowman (1968). History Under Our Feet: The Story of Vermilion County, Illinois. Danville, Illinois: Interstate Printers and Publishers, Inc. pp.54–55.
1 2 Danville Metropolitan Planning Organization. "Greenways and Trails Plan"(PDF). Danville Area Transportation Study. pp.8–11. Archived(PDF) from the original on November 17, 2021.
↑ "Station: Danville, IL". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 21, 2021.
↑ "Illinois Railroad Map"(PDF). Illinois Department of Transportation. January 2006. Archived from the original(PDF) on August 22, 2007. Retrieved September 23, 2007.
↑ "About DMT". Danville Mass Transit. June 2015. Archived from the original on May 9, 2015. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
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