2018 United States Senate election in Michigan

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2018 United States Senate election in Michigan
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Turnout56.72%
  Debbie Stabenow, official photo, 116th Congress (1).jpg John James 3 (1).png
Nominee Debbie Stabenow John James
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote2,214,4781,938,818
Percentage52.26%45.76%
2018 United States Senate election in Michigan results map by county.svg
MI-2018-sen-districts.svg
MI Senate 2018 Precinct Results No Outlines.svg
Stabenow:     40-50%     50–60%     60–70%     70–80%     80–90%     >90%
James:     40–50%     50–60%     60–70%     70–80%     80–90%
Tie:      40–50%     No data
U.S. senator before election

Debbie Stabenow
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Debbie Stabenow
Democratic

The 2018 United States Senate election in Michigan took place on November 6, 2018, in order to elect the Class 1 U.S. Senator from the State of Michigan, concurrently with a gubernatorial election, as well as other elections to the U.S. House of Representatives. This was one of ten Democratic-held Senate seats up for election in a state that Donald Trump won in the 2016 presidential election.

Contents

Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Debbie Stabenow won reelection to a fourth term. On August 7, 2018, John James won the Republican nomination, defeating businessman Sandy Pensler. [1] On May 5, 2018, Marcia Squier received the endorsement and nomination of the Green Party of Michigan at the state convention in Flint. [2]

Stabenow was re-elected by a 6.5% margin and a difference of 275,660 votes, [3] making this the second-closest U.S. Senate election in Michigan since Stabenow was first elected in 2000. [4]

Democratic primary

Candidates

Nominee

Declined

Withdrew

  • Craig Allen Smith

Endorsements

Results

Democratic primary results [14]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Debbie Stabenow (incumbent) 1,045,450 100.00%
Total votes1,045,450 100.00%

Republican primary

Candidates

Nominee

Defeated in primary

  • Sandy Pensler, former Wayne County Commissioner, businessman and candidate for MI-08 in 1992 [17] [16]

Failed to qualify

  • Bob Carr, historic preservationist, businessman and nominee for MI-01 in 1996 [18] [16]

Declined

Withdrew

Endorsements

John James

U.S. President

U.S. Vice President

U.S. Senators

U.S. Representatives

U.S. Governors

State Senators [38] [39] [40]

State Representatives [38]

Judges

Cabinet-level officials

  • John R. Bolton, former United States Ambassador to the United Nations, current National Security Advisor [42]

Individuals

Local officials

Organizations

Newspapers

Sandy Pensler
Bob Young Jr. (endorsed James)

Individuals

Debates

A debate was held between John James and Sandy Pensler on July 6 and televised by WKAR-TV. It was the only televised debate scheduled between the two candidates. [69]

Polling

Poll
source		Date(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		John
James		Sandy
Pensler		OtherUndecided
Mitchell Research [70] July 30, 2018413± 5.0%44%30%–26%
EPIC-MRA [71] July 21–22, 20181,045± 3.1%39%38%–23%
Emerson College [72] July 19–21, 2018202± 7.3%28%28%–44%
Marist College [73] July 15–19, 2018337± 6.3%30%23%1%46%
National Research Inc. (R-Outsider PAC) [74] July 11–14, 2018600± 4.0%21%28%10%41%
Target-Insyght [75] June 24–26, 2018400± 5.0%29%32%–39%
Strategic National (R) [76] June 16–21, 20181,000± 3.1%18%33%–49%
Strategic National (R) [77] June 9–10, 2018400± 4.9%16%29%–54%
Marketing Resource Group (R-Pensler) [78] May 28–29, 2018627± 3.8%26%36%–38%
Strategic National (R) [79] April 21, 2018350± 5.2%13%26%–61%
Strategic National (R) [80] April 4–5, 2018600± 4.0%12%20%–68%
Denno Research [81] April 2–3, 2018500± 4.0%12%16%–72%
Strategic National (R) [82] March 19–20, 2018400± 4.9%17%21%–62%
Hypothetical polling
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		John
James		Sandy
Pensler		Fred
Upton		Robert
Young		Undecided
Strategic National (R) [83] December 16–17, 2017600± 4.0%9%5%–11%75%
Target-Insyght [84] November 1–6, 20171,000–24%–19%7%–
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		Lena
Epstein		Bob
Young		John
James		Robert
Ritchie		Undecided
Zogby Analytics [85] September, 2017– [a] –7%3%5%29%56%
Trafalgar Group (R) [86] July 25–27, 20171,078± 3.1%9%6%7%50%28%
Target-Insyght [87] July 25–27, 2017344± 5.358%14%16%33%29%

Results

Results by county: .mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{} James 50-60% 60-70% Pensler 50-60% 60-70% Michigan Senate Republican Primary Election Results by County, 2018.svg
Results by county:
  James
  •   50–60%
  •   60–70%
  Pensler
  •   50–60%
  •   60–70%
Republican primary results [14]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican John James 518,564 54.67%
Republican Sandy Pensler429,88545.32%
Write-in 57<0.01%
Total votes948,506 100.00%

Green Party Convention

The Green Party of Michigan picked their candidates at a state convention on May 5, 2018.

Declared

Withdrew

General election

Debates

Fundraising

Campaign finance reports as of October 17, 2018
Candidate (party)Total receiptsTotal disbursementsCash on hand
Debbie Stabenow (D)$17,449,325.17$15,720,981.25$2,842,613.58
John James (R)$9,838,137.84$7,953,403.16$1,884,735.02
Source: Federal Election Commission [91]

Predictions

SourceRankingAs of
The Cook Political Report [92] Likely DOctober 26, 2018
Inside Elections [93] Safe DNovember 1, 2018
Sabato's Crystal Ball [94] Safe DNovember 5, 2018
CNN [95] Likely DNovember 5, 2018
RealClearPolitics [96] Lean DNovember 5, 2018
Fox News [97] [b] Likely DNovember 5, 2018
Notes
  1. ↑ Not yet released, but is Republican primary subsample of full 800 voter sample in Michigan
  2. ↑ The Fox News Midterm Power Rankings uniquely does not contain a category for Safe/Solid races

Endorsements

Debbie Stabenow (D)

U.S. Executive Branch officials

U.S. Senators

U.S. Representatives

Organizations

Individuals

John James (R)

U.S. Executive Branch officials

U.S. Senators

U.S. Representatives

U.S. Governors

State Senators [38] [39] [40]

State Representatives [38]

Judges

Cabinet-level officials

  • John R. Bolton, former United States Ambassador to the United Nations, current National Security Advisor [42]

Individuals

Local officials

Organizations

Newspapers

Polling

2018 Senate election in Michigan polling.png


Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		Debbie
Stabenow (D)		John
James (R)		OtherUndecided
Mitchell Research [115] November 5, 2018827± 3.4%49%46%1%4%
The Trafalgar Group (R) [116] November 2–5, 20181,817± 2.3%53%44%1%2%
Mitchell Research [117] November 4, 2018701± 3.7%53%46%0%1%
Change Research [118] November 2–4, 2018880–49%47%3% [119] –
Research Co. [120] November 1–3, 2018450± 4.6%52%36%1%11%
Gravis Marketing [121] October 29–30, 2018764± 3.6%54%41%–6%
Glengariff Group [122] October 25–27, 2018600± 4.0%53%36%3% [123] 8%
Emerson College [124] October 24–26, 2018822± 3.6%52%43%1%4%
Mitchell Research [125] October 25, 2018400± 5.0%52%46%0%2%
Target-Insyght [126] October 22–24, 2018800± 3.0%53%43%4% [127] 1%
EPIC-MRA [128] October 18–23, 2018600± 4.0%49%42%5%4%
The Tarrance Group (R) [129] [A] October 20–22, 2018605± 4.1%48%41%4%7%
Michigan State University [130] October 13–22, 2018169–49%42%––
Marketing Resource Group [131] October 14–18, 2018600± 4.0%53%37%–5%
Mitchell Research [132] September 30 – October 7, 2018654± 3.8%51%42%–8%
Glengariff Group [133] September 30 – October 2, 2018600± 4.0%53%35%3%10%
EPIC-MRA [134] September 21–25, 2018600± 4.0%56%33%5%6%
Ipsos [135] September 14–24, 20181,150± 3.0%55%35%4%6%
Target-Insyght [136] September 10–14, 2018800± 3.0%55%40%––
Mitchell Research [137] September 12–13, 20181,009± 3.0%54%41%–5%
Strategic National (R) [138] September 8–9, 20181,000± 3.1%53%35%–11%
Glengariff Group [139] September 5–7, 2018600± 4.0%56%33%2%10%
Gravis Marketing [140] August 14–16, 2018647± 3.9%51%35%–14%
Strategic National (R) [141] August 13–14, 2018700± 3.7%50%35%2%13%
The Tarrance Group (R) [142] [A] August 11–14, 2018602± 4.1%49%38%3%9%
Emerson College [143] July 19–21, 2018600± 4.3%47%29%8%17%
Marist College [73] July 15–19, 2018886± 3.9%55%37%1%8%
SurveyMonkey/Axios [144] June 11 – July 2, 2018978± 5.0%54%42%–4%
Glengariff Group [145] January 16–19, 2018600± 4.0%51%30%–18%
Hypothetical polling

with Sandy Pensler

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		Debbie
Stabenow (D)		Sandy
Pensler (R)		OtherUndecided
Emerson College [146] July 19–21, 2018600± 4.3%48%32%7%13%
Marist College [73] July 15–19, 2018886± 3.9%52%37%1%10%
SurveyMonkey/Axios [144] June 11 – July 2, 2018978± 5.0%53%41%–5%
Glengariff Group [145] January 16–19, 2018600± 4.0%51%30%–18%

with generic Democrat and Republican

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		Debbie
Stabenow (D)		Generic
Republican		Undecided
SurveyMonkey/Axios [147] February 12 – March 5, 20182,012± 3.8%49%45%6%

with Robert Ritchie (a.k.a. Kid Rock)

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		Debbie
Stabenow (D)		Robert
Ritchie (R)		Undecided
Mitchell/Rosetta Stone [148] October 1, 2017558± 4.2%46%38%16%
Zogby Analytics [149] September 19, 2017800± 3.4%46%36%18%
Marketing Resource Group [150] September 13–18, 2017600± 4.0%52%34%14%
Target-Insyght [151] July 25–27, 2017822± 3.5%50%42%8%
Trafalgar Group (R) [86] July 25–27, 20171,078± 3.1%46%49%5%

Results

Although Stabenow ended up winning the election by 6.5 percent, the margin was smaller than expected, considering the polling and past results of Senate elections in Michigan. [4] Part of the relative closeness of the race has been attributed to the Stabenow campaign having run no negative ads against James during the election. [152] Although James won most of Michigan's smaller counties, Stabenow won large margins in urban areas and modest margins in suburban areas. Stabenow trounced James in Wayne County, home of Detroit, and also performed well in Detroit's suburbs. She also easily won in Washtenaw County, home of Ann Arbor and Ingham County, home of Lansing. Kent County, home of Grand Rapids, also narrowly flipped to Stabenow, making this the first Senate election of her career in which she carried the county, and also the only county to flip her direction in 2018, and only the second time (after Carl Levin in 2008) a Democrat had carried the county since Donald Riegle in 1982. In addition to Stabenow's win, Democrats won the previously Republican-held offices of governor, secretary of state, and attorney general, ensuring that as of January 1, 2019, all elected statewide officials would be Democrats. James once again ran unsuccessfully for the other Senate seat in 2020, as he was defeated by incumbent Gary Peters. James would later be elected as a representative in Michigan's 10th congressional district in 2022.

2018 United States Senate election in Michigan [153]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Democratic Debbie Stabenow (incumbent) 2,214,478 52.26% −6.54%
Republican John James 1,938,81845.76%+7.78%
Green Marcia Squier40,2040.95%+0.35%
Constitution George Huffman III27,2510.65%+0.09%
Natural Law John Howard Wilhelm16,5020.39%+0.15%
Write-in 18<0.01%N/A
Total votes4,237,271 100.00% N/A
Democratic hold

Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican

Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic

By congressional district

Both Stabenow and James won 7 of 14 congressional districts. [154]

DistrictJamesStabenowRepresentative
1st 54.39%43.44% Jack Bergman
2nd 55.19%42.52% Bill Huizenga
3rd 51.08%46.67% Justin Amash
4th 56.73%41.01% John Moolenaar
5th 43.05%54.73% Dan Kildee
6th 50.37%47.18% Fred Upton
7th 52.94%45.02% Tim Walberg
8th 49.0%49.37% Elissa Slotkin
9th 39.7%58.46% Andy Levin
10th 58.1%40.1% Paul Mitchell
11th 47.76%50.87% Haley Stevens
12th 31.93%66.32% Debbie Dingell
13th 17.8%79.87% Rashida Tlaib
14th 19.55%78.9% Brenda Lawrence

Notes

    Partisan clients

    1. 1 2 Poll conducted for James' campaign.

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    References

    1. ↑ "John James endorsement from President Donald Trump after primary". Fox News . August 8, 2018.
    2. ↑ "Green Party of Michigan Nominating Convention".
    3. ↑ "2018 Michigan Official General Election Results - 11/06/2018". mielections.us.
    4. 1 2 "Stabenow defeats James in Michigan's U.S. Senate race". Detroit News.
    5. ↑ Demas, Susan J. (October 2, 2015). "Susan J. Demas: Can Republicans finally knock off Debbie Stabenow in 2018?". MLive.com. Retrieved November 20, 2016.
    6. ↑ Everett, Burgess (November 17, 2016). "Reeling Democrats confront brutal 2018 Senate map". Politico . Retrieved November 20, 2016.
    7. ↑ Oosting, Jonathan (February 11, 2017). "Michigan Democrats promise 'fight' at record convention". The Detroit News . Retrieved February 13, 2017.
    8. 1 2 "EMILY's List Endorses Nine Democratic Women Senators for Re-Election in 2018". EMILY's List . February 10, 2017. Retrieved February 13, 2017.
    9. 1 2 3 4 "Major Environmental Groups Endorse Sen. Debbie Stabenow for Re-Election". League of Conservation Voters. May 2, 2018.
    10. 1 2 "MI List Progressive Women in Politics".
    11. 1 2 NCPSSM. "Candidates We Endorse and Support".
    12. ↑ "Sierra Club #ClimateVoter Guide: Endorsements". July 16, 2012.
    13. 1 2 Handler, Chelsea [@ChelseaHandler] (July 17, 2018). "Michigan- your primary is August 7. Please vote. Gretchen Driskell (MI-07) @gdriskell Elissa Slotkin (MI-08) @ElissaSlotkin Ellen Lipton (MI-09) @RepLipton Debbie Stabenow (MI-SEN) @stabenow Gretchen Whitmer (MI-GOV) @gretchenwhitmer Jocelyn Benson – (MI-SOS) @JocelynBenson" (Tweet). Retrieved October 16, 2018– via Twitter.
    14. 1 2 "United States Senate election in Michigan, 2018".
    15. ↑ "Metro Detroit businessman John James joins U.S. Senate race".
    16. 1 2 3 "2018 Michigan Unofficial Primary Candidate Listing - 08/07/2018". miboecfr.nictusa.com.
    17. ↑ "Businessman Sandy Pensler announces U.S. Senate run". November 20, 2017.
    18. ↑ Boothe, Daniel. "Michigan Historic Preservationist Bob Carr announces candidacy for US Senate" . Retrieved October 24, 2017.
    19. ↑ Gray, Kathleen (February 19, 2017). "Michigan GOP sees opening for U.S. Senate bid in 2018". Detroit Free Press . Retrieved February 21, 2017.
    20. ↑ "Ted Nugent Considering Running for U.S. Senate". Ultimate Classic Rock.
    21. ↑ McCollum, Brian (October 24, 2017). "Kid Rock: Of course I'm not running for Senate". Detroit Free Press . Retrieved October 24, 2017.
    22. ↑ Nann Burke, Melissa (February 1, 2017). "Rep. Upton considers challenge to Sen. Stabenow". The Detroit News . Retrieved February 7, 2017.
    23. ↑ "U.S. Rep. Fred Upton opts against Senate run".
    24. ↑ "Raczkowski, Epstein enter race to succeed Trott".
    25. ↑ "Young drops out of GOP Senate race in Michigan".
    26. 1 2 3 "Young endorses James in GOP primary for Senate".
    27. 1 2 Donald J. Trump. ".@JohnJamesMI, who is running in the Republican Primary in the great state of Michigan, is SPECTACULAR! Vote on August 7th. Rarely have I seen a candidate with such great potential. West Point graduate, successful businessman and an African American leader..." Twitter.
    28. 1 2 Donald J. Trump. "...John is strong on crime and borders, loves our Military, our Vets and our Second Amendment. He will be a star. He has my full and total Endorsement!". Twitter.
    29. 1 2 Mike Pence. "Proud to support @JohnJamesMI for U.S. Senate. Leaders like John are the FUTURE of the GOP. I know he will be a strong champion of @RealDonaldTrump's agenda. To the great people of Michigan - get out & vote Aug 7 for John!". Twitter.
    30. 1 2 "Conservative Outsider John James Announces Endorsement of Florida Republican Senator Marco Rubio - John James for Senate". December 5, 2017. Archived from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
    31. 1 2 "Congressman Jack Bergman Endorses John James". John James for Senate. Archived from the original on August 28, 2018. Retrieved August 28, 2018.
    32. 1 2 "Mike Bishop Endorses John James for Senate - John James for Senate". November 20, 2017. Archived from the original on December 8, 2017. Retrieved December 8, 2017.
    33. 1 2 "Huizenga Throws Support to James' US Senate Campaign". WHTC. July 10, 2018. Archived from the original on July 10, 2018. Retrieved July 11, 2018.
    34. 1 2 "Rep. Paul Mitchell Endorses John James for U.S. Senate - John James for Senate". November 7, 2017. Archived from the original on December 8, 2017. Retrieved December 8, 2017.
    35. 1 2 "RELEASE: U.S. Rep. John Moolenaar Endorses John James for U.S. Senate". John James for Senate. Archived from the original on October 11, 2018. Retrieved October 11, 2018.
    36. 1 2 West, Allen (October 27, 2017). "I wholeheartedly endorse John James for U.S. Senate in Michigan". Allen B. West website. Archived from the original on May 14, 2018.
    37. 1 2 John James. "Thank you, @OneToughNerd & @RPA_PAC for supporting our mission of protecting the American Dream for future generations!💪 I look forwarding to working to bring economic opportunity and national security to everyone across Michigan! 🇺🇸 #LetsFlyMI". Twitter.
    38. 1 2 3 4 "30 Conservative Republicans from the Michigan Legislature Endorse John James for Senate". John James for Senate. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
    39. 1 2 3 4 "Conservatives Across Michigan Continue To Line Up Behind John James for Senate". July 5, 2018. Archived from the original on July 8, 2018. Retrieved July 8, 2018.
    40. 1 2 "The constituents of my Senate District..." Facebook . July 10, 2018.
    41. 1 2 3 4 "Michigan Cattlemen's Association, Fmr. Farm Bureau President, Highlight Strong Coalition of Farmers For John James". John James for Senate. Archived from the original on September 19, 2018. Retrieved September 18, 2018.
    42. 1 2 "No Excuses". secure.johnjamesforsenate.com.
    43. 1 2 "Dean Cain on Twitter".
    44. 1 2 "John James on Twitter". twitter.com.
    45. 1 2 "Hugh Hewitt on Twitter". twitter.com.
    46. 1 2 Cavitt, Mark (July 23, 2018). "Ted Nugent endorses John James for U.S. Senate". The Oakland Press .
    47. 1 2 "Conservative Outsider John James Announces Endorsement of American Hero Robert O'Neill - John James for Senate". November 8, 2017. Archived from the original on June 23, 2018. Retrieved December 8, 2017.
    48. 1 2 "Sandy Pensler on Twitter". twitter.com.
    49. 1 2 John James. ".@KidRock: "I'm 100% here to endorse, and do everything I can, to make sure John James gets in the Senate." #LetsFlyMI #TeamJohnJames #MISen". Twitter.
    50. 1 2 Donald Trump Jr. "Excited to see @JohnJamesMI and @SchuetteOnDuty win big tonight in Michigan. They're both great candidates who are #MAGA to the core. #MISEN #MIGOV". Twitter.
    51. 1 2 "Michigan Agricultural Icon Wayne Wood Endorses John James for US Senate". John James for Senate. Archived from the original on September 19, 2018. Retrieved September 18, 2018.
    52. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Conservatives Across Michigan Continue To Line Up Behind John James for Senate". Archived from the original on July 8, 2018. Retrieved July 8, 2018.
    53. 1 2 "Over 350 Michigan Veterans Highlight John James Veterans Coalition". John James for Senate. Archived from the original on September 6, 2018. Retrieved September 6, 2018.
    54. 1 2 "John James on Twitter".
    55. 1 2 John James. "PROUD to have the endorsement of Sterling Heights Mayor, Michael Taylor. MACOMB COUNTY is JAMES COUNTRY!". Twitter.
    56. 1 2 "James Raises $1.17 Million, Quadruples Grassroots Fundraising Base during Q1 - John James for Senate". April 11, 2018. Archived from the original on April 28, 2018. Retrieved April 27, 2018.
    57. 1 2 "John James on Twitter". twitter.com.
    58. 1 2 "GR Chamber PAC Announces 2018 Endorsements". Grand Rapids Area Chamber of Commerce. June 6, 2018.
    59. 1 2 "Chamber Announces Endorsements for US Senate, AG and Key Congressional Races". Michigan Chamber of Commerce. June 27, 2018. Archived from the original on June 29, 2018. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
    60. 1 2 "John James on Twitter". twitter.com.
    61. 1 2 "John James Emerges as Sole Conservative to take on Sen. Debbie Stabenow - John James for Senate". April 25, 2018. Archived from the original on April 28, 2018. Retrieved April 27, 2018.
    62. 1 2 "John James for Senate in Michigan". Senate Conservatives Fund . January 30, 2018.
    63. 1 2 "SBA List Endorses John James for U.S. Senate in MI - Susan B. Anthony List". sba-list.org. June 18, 2018.
    64. 1 2 LeBlanc, Beth (October 10, 2018). "Chamber endorses James for U.S. Senate, criticizes Stabenow's record". The Detroit News .
    65. 1 2 "In GOP Senate primary, John James". The Detroit News . July 19, 2018.
    66. 1 2 "Republicans in Trump Country Unite Behind Sandy Pensler for US Senate". Pensler for Senate. April 9, 2018.
    67. ↑ "Sen. Rand Paul endorses Pensler in Michigan GOP Primary". Fox17. July 30, 2018. Retrieved July 31, 2018.
    68. ↑ "Bob Young, Jr". facebook.com.
    69. ↑ "Pro-life record, support of Trump tackled in Michigan GOP U.S. Senate debate". mlive.com. July 6, 2018.
    70. ↑ Mitchell Research
    71. ↑ EPIC-MRA
    72. ↑ Emerson College Archived 2018-07-31 at the Wayback Machine
    73. 1 2 3 Marist College
    74. ↑ National Research Inc. (R-Outsider PAC)
    75. ↑ Target-Insyght
    76. ↑ Strategic National (R)
    77. ↑ Strategic National (R)
    78. ↑ Marketing Resource Group (R-Pensler) Archived July 14, 2018, at the Wayback Machine
    79. ↑ Strategic National (R)
    80. ↑ Strategic National (R)
    81. ↑ Denno Research
    82. ↑ Strategic National (R)
    83. ↑ Strategic National (R)
    84. ↑ Target-Insyght
    85. ↑ Zogby Analytics
    86. 1 2 Trafalgar Group (R)
    87. ↑ Target-Insyght
    88. ↑ "Mich. House OKs dead lawmaker's bill in vote of unity".
    89. ↑ Cwiek, Sarah (August 31, 2017). "Green Party candidates jump in race for Michigan governor, U.S. Senator". Michigan Radio . Retrieved October 27, 2017.
    90. ↑ motownbelle (October 20, 2017). "Why I Suspended My Senatorial Campaign" – via YouTube.
    91. ↑ "Campaign finance data" . Retrieved September 24, 2018.
    92. ↑ "2018 Senate Race Ratings for October 26, 2018". The Cook Political Report. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
    93. ↑ "2018 Senate Ratings". The Rothenberg Political Report. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
    94. ↑ "2018 Crystal Ball Senate race ratings". Sabato's Crystal Ball. Retrieved October 4, 2018.
    95. ↑ "Key Races: Senate" . Retrieved July 15, 2018.
    96. ↑ "Battle for the Senate 2018" . Retrieved July 15, 2018.
    97. ↑ "2018 Senate Power Rankings". Fox News . Retrieved July 10, 2018.
    98. ↑ Joe Biden. "This Thursday evening I'll be in Lansing, Michigan to support @ElissaSlotkin, Debbie @Stabenow, @GretchenWhitmer and @Garlin". Twitter.
    99. ↑ Debbie Stabenow. "Thanks @BarackObama! #MiSen #MadeInMichigan". Twitter.
    100. ↑ Gary Peters. "I can't think of anyone who works harder or cares more deeply about her state than @Stabenow. I would know: I've seen her focus, hard-work & effectiveness up close in the Senate. I can't wait to vote for my good friend. Read about why I'm supporting her". Twitter.
    101. ↑ Joe Kennedy. "In just 6 short weeks, young Americans can change the trajectory of this nation. Grateful to @CollegeDemsatUM for showing up on a Wednesday morning and for fighting to be proud of the country they call home. #DemsLIVE". Twitter.
    102. ↑ Dan Kildee. "We deserve leaders who understand that a strong middle class means a strong country. We deserve leaders who will protect Social Security and Medicare and expand access to affordable health care. That's why we deserve @GretchenWhitmer, @Stabenow & Democrats up and down the ballot". Twitter.
    103. ↑ Brenda Lawrence. "Attended four churches in Pontiac today with our United States Senator Debbie @Stabenow, my mentor and dear friend. I am so excited to vote for her November 6th and I hope you join me! #TeamBrenda #PrayersUp @TeamStabenow". Twitter.
    104. ↑ "Debbie Stabenow – Feminist Majority PAC". feministmajoritypac.org.
    105. ↑ "Population Connection Action Fund Endorsements". Population Connection. Archived from the original on April 5, 2018. Retrieved October 27, 2018.
    106. ↑ "Sierra Club #ClimateVoter Guide: Endorsements". July 16, 2012.
    107. ↑ "Michigan – Official UAW Endorsements". uawendorsements.org. United Automobile Workers.
    108. ↑ Rudy Giuliani. "Don James is running for Senate in Michigan. He is a combat veteran, a successful business man and believes in lower taxes, more jobs, effective health care and safety and security. He's the future of our party. Let's make that future now.. Vote for Don James". Twitter.
    109. ↑ Rudy Giuliani. "Sorry for the mistake with JOHN JAMES first name but you'd be making one if you don't elect him to Senate from Michigan.The tweet was not planned but spontaneous.I saw his interview and record-military, business-and said this is a true leader,not the same old. He's exceptional". Twitter.
    110. ↑ Levin, Mark R. (October 30, 2018). "John James for Senate in Michigan".
    111. ↑ Peterson, Jordan B. (October 11, 2018). "I met John James in New York and he is one impressive character: a truly powerful, direct speaker @JohnJamesMI".
    112. ↑ "ACU Endorses John James". American Conservative Union . March 22, 2018. Archived from the original on March 27, 2018. Retrieved March 26, 2018.
    113. ↑ "James the right choice for Senate". Daily Press . October 29, 2018.
    114. ↑ "James would bring fresh perspective to Senate for Michigan". Iron Mountain Daily News . October 29, 2018. Retrieved October 30, 2018.
    115. ↑ Mitchell Research
    116. ↑ The Trafalgar Group (R)
    117. ↑ Mitchell Research
    118. ↑ Change Research
    119. ↑ George E. Huffman III (U.S. Taxpayers), Marcia Squier (G), and John Howard Wilhelm (Natural Law) with 1%
    120. ↑ Research Co.
    121. ↑ Gravis Marketing
    122. ↑ Glengariff Group
    123. ↑ George E. Huffman III (U.S. Taxpayers), Marcia Squier (G) with 1%, John Howard Wilhelm (Natural Law) with 0%
    124. ↑ Emerson College
    125. ↑ Mitchell Research
    126. ↑ Target-Insyght Archived 2018-11-07 at the Wayback Machine
    127. ↑ Marcia Squier (G) with 2%, George Huffman (U.S. Taxpayers) and John Howard Wilhelm (Natural Law) with 1%
    128. ↑ EPIC-MRA
    129. ↑ The Tarrance Group (R)
    130. ↑ Michigan State University
    131. ↑ Marketing Resource Group Archived 2018-10-24 at the Wayback Machine
    132. ↑ Mitchell Research
    133. ↑ Glengariff Group Archived October 4, 2018, at the Wayback Machine
    134. ↑ EPIC-MRA Archived 2018-09-28 at the Wayback Machine
    135. ↑ Ipsos
    136. ↑ Target-Insyght [ permanent dead link ]
    137. ↑ Mitchell Research
    138. ↑ Strategic National (R)
    139. ↑ Glengariff Group
    140. ↑ Gravis Marketing
    141. ↑ Strategic National (R)
    142. ↑ The Tarrance Group (R)
    143. ↑ Emerson College Archived 2018-07-31 at the Wayback Machine
    144. 1 2 SurveyMonkey/Axios
    145. 1 2 Glengariff Group
    146. ↑ Emerson College Archived 2018-07-31 at the Wayback Machine
    147. ↑ SurveyMonkey/Axios
    148. ↑ Mitchell/Rosetta Stone
    149. ↑ Zogby Analytics
    150. ↑ Marketing Resource Group Archived September 21, 2017, at the Wayback Machine
    151. ↑ Target-Insyght [ permanent dead link ]
    152. ↑ Weigel, David (November 1, 2018). "The Trailer: Why Michigan's Senate candidate is asking Trump for an election eve visit". Fred Ryan. Retrieved April 15, 2019.
    153. ↑ "2018 Michigan general election results" . Retrieved June 12, 2019.
    154. ↑ "Introducing the 2017 Cook Political Report Partisan Voter Index". The Cook Political Report.

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