The University of Toronto (UToronto or U of T) is a publicresearch university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located on the grounds that surround Queen's Park. It was founded by royal charter in 1827 as King's College, the first institution of higher learning in Upper Canada. Originally controlled by the Church of England, the university assumed its present name in 1850 upon becoming a secular institution. As a collegiate university, it comprises 11 colleges each with substantial autonomy on financial and institutional affairs and significant differences in character and history. The university maintains three campuses, the oldest of which is St. George, located in downtown Toronto. The other two satellite campuses are located in Scarborough and Mississauga.
The Varsity Blues are the athletic teams that represent the university in intercollegiate league matches, primarily within U Sports, with ties to gridiron football, rowing and ice hockey. The earliest recorded instance of gridiron football occurred at University of Toronto's University College in November 1861.[19] The university's Hart House is an early example of the North American student centre, simultaneously serving cultural, intellectual, and recreational interests within its large Gothic-revival complex.
Charter granted by King George IV in 1827, establishing King's College.
On March 15, 1827, a royal charter was formally issued by King George IV, proclaiming "from this time one College, with the style and privileges of a University ... for the education of youth in the principles of the Christian Religion, and for their instruction in the various branches of Science and Literature ... to continue for ever, to be called King's College."[23] The granting of the charter was largely the result of intense lobbying by John Strachan, the influential future first AnglicanBishop of Toronto who took office as the college's first president.[23][24] The original three-storey Greek Revival school building was built on the present site of Queen's Park.[25][26][27]
Under Strachan's stewardship, King's College was a religious institution closely aligned with the Church of England and the British colonial elite, known as the Family Compact.[28]Reformist politicians opposed the clergy's control over colonial institutions and fought to have the college secularized.[29] In 1849, after a lengthy and heated debate, the newly elected responsible government of the Province of Canada voted to rename King's College as the University of Toronto and severed the school's ties with the church.[24] Having anticipated this decision, the enraged Strachan had resigned a year earlier to open Trinity College as a private Anglican seminary.[30]University College was created as the nondenominational teaching branch of the University of Toronto. During the American Civil War, the threat of Union blockade on British North America prompted the creation of the University Rifle Corps, which saw battle in resisting the Fenian raids on the Niagara border in 1866.[31] The Corps was part of the Reserve Militia led by professor Henry Croft.[31]
Established in 1878, the School of Practical Science was the precursor to the Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, which has been nicknamed Skule since its earliest days.[32] While the Faculty of Medicine opened in 1843, medical teaching was conducted by proprietary schools from 1853 until 1887 when the faculty absorbed the Toronto School of Medicine.[33] Meanwhile, the university continued to set examinations and confer medical degrees.[33] The university opened the Faculty of Law in 1887, followed by the Faculty of Dentistry in 1888 when the Royal College of Dental Surgeons became an affiliate.[24] Women were first admitted to the university in 1884.[34]
A devastating fire in 1890 gutted the interior of University College and destroyed 33,000 volumes from the library,[35] but the university restored the building and replenished its library within two years.[35] Over the next two decades, a collegiate system took shape as the university arranged federation with several ecclesiastical colleges, including Strachan's Trinity College in 1904. The university operated the Royal Conservatory of Music from 1896 to 1991 and the Royal Ontario Museum from 1912 to 1968; both still retain close ties with the university as independent institutions.[36][37] The University of Toronto Press was founded in 1901 as Canada's first academic publishing house.[38] The Faculty of Forestry, founded in 1907 with Bernhard Fernow as dean, was Canada's first university faculty devoted to forest science. In 1910, the Faculty of Education opened its laboratory school, the University of Toronto Schools.
World wars and post-war years
A Sopwith Camel aircraft rests on the Front Campus lawn in 1918.
The First and Second World Wars curtailed some university activities as undergraduate and graduate men eagerly enlisted.[39][40] Intercollegiate athletic competitions and the Hart House Debates were suspended, although exhibition and interfaculty games were still held.[40] The David Dunlap Observatory in Richmond Hill opened in 1935, followed by the University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies in 1949.[24][41]
By the 1961–62 academic year, the university had a total enrolment of 14,302 students, including 1,531 graduate students.[42] The university opened suburban campuses in Scarborough in 1964 and in Mississauga in 1967. The university's former affiliated schools at the Ontario Agricultural College and Glendon Hall became fully independent of the University of Toronto and became part of University of Guelph in 1964 and York University in 1965, respectively. Beginning in the 1980s, reductions in government funding prompted more rigorous fundraising efforts.[24]
Since 2000
In 2000, geophysicist Kin-Yip Chun was reinstated as a professor of the university, after he launched an unsuccessful lawsuit against the university alleging racial discrimination.[43] In 2017, a human rights application was filed against the University by one of its students for allegedly delaying the investigation of sexual assault and being dismissive of their concerns.[44] In 2018, the university cleared one of its professors of allegations of discrimination and antisemitism in an internal investigation, after a complaint was filed by one of its students.[45][46]
The University of Toronto was the first Canadian university to amass a financial endowment greater than one billion dollars in 2007.[47] From 2011 to 2018, the university embarked on the Boundless fundraising campaign, which concluded in 2018 at $2.641 billion raised, setting a new all-time fundraising record in Canada.[48]
On September 24, 2020, the university announced the single largest donation in Canadian history, a $250 million gift to the Faculty of Medicine from Toronto-based philanthropists James and Louise Temerty.[49] This broke the previous record for the school set in 2019 when Gerry Schwartz and Heather Reisman jointly donated $100 million for the creation of a 70,000-square-metre (750,000sqft) innovation and artificial intelligence centre.[50] The Faculty of Medicine has been renamed the Temerty Faculty of Medicine in their honour.
In December 2021, the University of Toronto announced the launch of the Defy Gravity campaign, the largest fundraising campaign in Canadian history, with a goal of raising $4 billion for the university.[51]
The architecture is epitomized by a combination of Romanesque and Gothic Revival buildings spread across the eastern and central portions of campus, most dating between 1858 and 1929. The traditional heart of the university, known as Front Campus, is near the campus centre in an oval lawn enclosed by King's College Circle.[53] The centrepiece is the main building of University College, built in 1857 with an eclectic blend of Richardsonian Romanesque and Norman architectural elements.[54] The dramatic effect of this blended design by architect Frederick William Cumberland drew praise from European visitors of the time: "Until I reached Toronto," remarked Lord Dufferin during his visit in 1872, "I confess I was not aware that so magnificent a specimen of architecture existed upon the American continent."[55] The building was declared a National Historic Site of Canada in 1968.[56] Built in 1907, Convocation Hall is recognizable for its domed roof and Ionic-pillared rotunda. Although its foremost function is hosting the annual convocation ceremonies, the building is a venue for academic and social events throughout the year.[57] The sandstone buildings of Knox College epitomizes the North American collegiate Gothic design, with its characteristic cloisters surrounding a secluded courtyard.[58]
The neoclassical Convocation Hall is characterized by its domed roof and Ionic-pillared rotunda.
A lawn at the northeast is anchored by Hart House, a Gothic-revival student centre complex. Among its many common rooms, the building's Great Hall is noted for large stained-glass windows and a long quotation from John Milton's Areopagitica inscribed around the walls.[59][60] The adjacent Soldiers' Tower stands 143 feet (44m) tall as the most prominent structure in the vicinity, its stone arches etched with the names of university members lost to the battlefields of the two World Wars.[61] The tower houses a 51-bell carillon played on special occasions such as Remembrance Day and convocation.[62] North of University College, the main building of Trinity College displays JacobethanTudor architecture, while its chapel was built in the Perpendicular Gothic style of Giles Gilbert Scott.[63] The chapel features exterior walls of sandstone and interiors of Indiana Limestone and was built by Italian stonemasons using ancient building methods.[64]Philosopher's Walk is a scenic footpath that follows a meandering, wooded ravine, the buried Taddle Creek, linking with Trinity College, Varsity Arena and the Faculty of Law. Victoria College is on the eastern side of Queen's Park, centred on a Romanesque main building made of contrasting red sandstone and grey limestone.[65]
Developed after the Second World War, the western section of the campus consists mainly of modernist and internationalist structures that house laboratories and faculty offices.[53] The most significant example of Brutalist architecture is the massive Robarts Library complex, built in 1972 and opened a year later in 1973. It features raised podia, extensive use of triangular geometric designs and a towering 14-storey concrete structure that cantilevers above a field of open space and mature trees.[66]Sidney Smith Hall is the home to the Faculty of Arts and Science, as well as a few departments within the faculty. The Leslie L. Dan Pharmacy Building, completed in 2006, exhibits the high-tech architectural style of glass and steel by British architect Norman Foster.[67]
The north-central portion of the university grounds is seen from Robarts Library, with the skyline of Downtown Toronto in the background.
The University of Toronto has traditionally been a decentralized institution, with governing authority shared among its central administration, academic faculties and colleges.[68] The Governing Council is the unicameral legislative organ of the central administration, overseeing general academic, business and institutional affairs.[69] Before 1971, the university was governed under a bicameral system composed of the board of governors and the university senate.[68] The chancellor, usually a former governor general, lieutenant governor, premier or diplomat, is the ceremonial head of the university. The president is appointed by the council as the chief executive.[69]
Unlike most North American institutions, the University of Toronto is a collegiate university with a model that resembles those of the University of Cambridge and the University of Oxford in Britain.[70] The colleges hold substantial autonomy over admissions, scholarships, programs and other academic and financial affairs, in addition to the housing and social duties of typical residential colleges.[69][70] The system emerged in the 19th century, as ecclesiastical colleges considered various forms of union with the University of Toronto to ensure their viability. The desire to preserve religious traditions in a secular institution resulted in the federative collegiate model that came to characterize the university.[70]
The post-war era saw the creation of New College in 1962, Innis College in 1964 and Woodsworth College in 1974, all of them nondenominational.[77] Along with University College, they comprise the university's constituent colleges, which are established and funded by the central administration and are therefore financially dependent.[78][79]Massey College was established in 1963 by the Massey Foundation as a college exclusively for graduate students.[80]Regis College, a Jesuit seminary, entered federation with the university in 1979.[81]
In contrast with the constituent colleges, the colleges of Knox, Massey, Regis, St. Michael's, Trinity, Victoria and Wycliffe continue to exist as legally distinct entities, each possessing a separate financial endowment. While St. Michael's, Trinity and Victoria continue to recognize their religious affiliations and heritage, they have since adopted secular policies of enrolment and teaching in non-divinity subjects.[79] Some colleges have, or once had, collegiate structures of their own: Emmanuel College is a college of Victoria and St. Hilda's College is part of Trinity;[74][82] St. Joseph's College had existed as a college within St. Michael's until it was dissolved in 2006.[75]Ewart College existed as an affiliated college until 1991, when it was merged into Knox College.[83] Postgraduate theology degrees are conferred by the colleges of Knox, Regis and Wycliffe, along with the divinity faculties within Emmanuel, St. Michael's and Trinity, including joint degrees with the university through the Toronto School of Theology.[84]
The Dalla Lana School of Public Health is a Faculty of the University of Toronto that began as one of the Schools of Hygiene begun by the Rockefeller Foundation in 1927. The School went through a dramatic renaissance after the 2003 SARS crisis, and it is now Canada's largest public health school, with more than 750 faculty, 800 students, and research and training partnerships with institutions throughout Toronto and the world. With more than $39 million in research funding per year, the School supports discovery in global health, tobacco impacts on health, occupational disease and disability, air pollution, inner city health, circumpolar health, and many other pressing issues in population health.
The Naylor Building contains offices for the university's Department of Medicine.
Housed within University College, the University of Toronto Art Centre contains three major art collections. The Malcove Collection is primarily represented by Early Christian and Byzantine sculptures, bronzeware, furniture, icons and liturgical items.[114] It also includes glassware and stone reliefs from the Greco-Roman period, and the painting Adam and Eve by Lucas Cranach the Elder, dated from 1538.[114] The University of Toronto Collection features Canadian contemporary art,[115] while the University College Art Collection holds significant works by the Group of Seven and 19th century landscape artists.[115]
In the 2022 Academic Ranking of World Universities (also known as the Shanghai Ranking), the university ranked 22nd in the world and first in Canada.[116] The 2023 QS World University Rankings ranked the university 21st in the world, and first in Canada.[117] In 2019, it ranked 11th among the universities around the world by SCImago Institutions Rankings.[121] The 2023 Times Higher Education World University Rankings ranked the university 18th in the world, and first in Canada.[118] In the Times' 2020 reputational ranking, the publication placed the university 19th in the world.[122] In the 2024–25 U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking, the university ranked 17th in the world, and first in Canada.[119] The Canadian-based Maclean's magazine ranked the University of Toronto second in their 2022–2023 Medical Doctoral university category.[120]Maclean's 2023 university rankings also ranked the University of Toronto first in its reputation survey.[123] The university was ranked in spite of having opted out—along with several other universities in Canada—of participating in Maclean's graduate survey since 2006.[124]
Along with academic and research-based rankings, the university has also been ranked by publications that evaluate the employment prospects of its graduates. In the Times Higher Education's 2022 global employability ranking, the university ranked 11th in the world, and first in Canada.[127] In QS's 2022 graduate employability ranking, the university ranked 21st in the world, and first in Canada.[128] In a 2013 employment survey conducted by the New York Times, the University of Toronto was ranked 14th in the world.[129]
In 2018, the University of Toronto Entrepreneurship was ranked the fourth best university-based incubator[130] in the world by UBI Global[131] in the "World Top Business Incubator – Managed by a University" category.
Since 1926, the University of Toronto has been a member of the Association of American Universities, a consortium of the leading North American research universities. The university manages by far the largest annual research budget of any university in Canada with sponsored direct-cost expenditures of $878 million in 2010.[132][133][134] In 2021, the University of Toronto was named the top research university in Canada by Research Infosource, with a sponsored research income (external sources of funding) of $1,234.278 million in 2020.[135] In the same year, the university's faculty averaged a sponsored research income of $446,600, while graduate students averaged a sponsored research income of $61,000.[135] The federal government was the largest source of funding, with grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council amounting to about one-third of the research budget. About eight per cent of research funding came from corporations, mostly in the healthcare industry.[134]
The Donnelly Centre is part of the Discovery District, one of the world's largest biotechnology research clusters.
The University of Toronto is the primary research presence that supports one of the world's largest concentrations of biotechnology firms.[159] More than 5,000 principal investigators reside within 2 kilometres (1.2mi) from the university grounds in Toronto's Discovery District, conducting $1 billion of medical research annually.[159]MaRS Discovery District is a research park that serves commercial enterprises and the university's technology transfer ventures. In 2008, the university disclosed 159 inventions and had 114 active start-up companies.[52] Its SciNet Consortium operates the most powerful supercomputer in Canada.[160]
Culture and student life
Generations of students have attended speeches, debates and concerts at Hart House.
A notable hub for social, cultural and recreational activities at the University of Toronto is Hart House, a neo-Gothicstudent activity centre that was initiated and financed by alumnus-benefactor Vincent Massey and named for his grandfather Hart.[161] Opened in 1919, the complex aimed to establish a communitarian student culture in the university and its students, who at the time kept largely within their own colleges under the decentralized collegiate system.[162] The Hart House offers a range of services and facilities, including a library, restaurants, barbershops,[163] an art gallery, a theatre, concerts, debates, study spaces, and a swimming pool. The confluence of assorted functions is the result of an effort to create a holistic educational experience, a goal summarized in the Founders' Prayer.[164][162] The Hart House model was influential in the planning of student centres at other universities, notably Cornell University's Willard Straight Hall.[165][166]
Hart House resembles some traditional aspects of student representation through its financial support of student clubs, and its standing committees and board of stewards that are composed mostly of undergraduate students. However, the main students' unions on administrative and policy issues are the University of Toronto Students' Union, Association of Part-time Undergraduate Students and the Graduate Students' Union. Student representative bodies also exist at the various colleges, academic faculties and departments.
The Hart House Debating Club employs a debating style that combines the American emphasis on analysis and the British use of wit.[167] Smaller debating societies at Trinity, University and Victoria College have served as initial training grounds for debaters who later progress to Hart House.[167] The club won the World Universities Debating Championship in 1981 and 2006.[168] The North American Model United Nations (NAMUN) hosts an annual Model United Nations conference on campus, while the United Nations Society participates in various North American and international conferences.[169][170] The Toronto chess team has captured the top title six times at the Pan American Intercollegiate Team Chess Championship. The Formula SAE Racing Team won the Formula Student European Championships in 2003, 2005 and 2006.[171]
The University of Toronto also has an annual student-run tradition, the University of Toronto Aphrodite Project, where thousands of students complete a psychology questionnaire and matched with their best algorithmic match on campus for Valentine's Day.[172]
Sunlight fills Knox College Chapel during a Christmas concert of the engineering faculty's Skule Choir.
Hart House Theatre is the university's student amateur theatre, generally producing four major plays every season. As old as Hart House itself, the theatre is considered a pioneer in Canadian theatre for introducing the Little Theatre Movement from Europe.[176][177] It has cultivated numerous performing-arts talents, including Donald Sutherland, Lorne Michaels, Wayne and Shuster and William Hutt. Three members of the Group of Seven painters (Harris, Lismer and MacDonald) have been set designers at the theatre,[178] and composer Healey Willan was director of music for 14 productions.[178] The theatre also hosts annual variety shows run by several student theatrical companies at the colleges and academic faculties, the most prominent of which are U.C. Follies of University College, Skule Nite of the Faculty of Engineering, and Daffydil of the Faculty of Medicine, the latter in its 100th year of production in 2010–2011.[179]
The main musical ensembles at Hart House are the orchestra, the chamber strings, the chorus, the jazz choir, the jazz ensemble and the symphonic band. The Jazz at Oscar's concert series performs big band and vocal jazz on Friday nights at the period lounge and bar of the Hart House Arbor Room.[180]Open Stage is the monthly open mic event featuring singers, comics, poets and storytellers. The Sunday Concert is the oldest musical series at Hart House; since 1922, the series has performed more than 600 classical music concerts in the Great Hall, freely attended by the university community and general audiences.[181][182] The public may also screen midday events held at noon, when concerts are recited prior to formal debut.
Student media
21 Sussex Court holds office space for several student organizations, like The Varsity newspaper.
The Varsity is one of Canada's oldest student-run newspapers, in publication since 1880.[34] The paper was originally a daily broadsheet, but has since adopted a compact format and is now weekly during the Fall and Winter semesters. It publishes online in the summer. Hart House Review, a literary magazine, publishes prose, poetry, and visual art from emerging Canadian writers and artists. The Newspaper is an independent student-run community newspaper, published weekly since 1978. CIUT-FM is the university's campus radio station, while the University of Toronto Television broadcasts student-produced content. Students at each college and academic faculty also produce their own set of journals and news publications. University College's The Gargoyle was an early training ground for such notables as journalist and author Naomi Klein and musician/comedian Paul Shaffer. Victoria University's Acta Victoriana is the oldest active literary journal in Canada, and provided first publication credits to such literary figures as Margaret Atwood and Northrop Frye. Juxtaposition Global Health Magazine is another peer-reviewed student publication at the campus.[183] The magazine focuses on global health and international development, and is published in association with the university's Centre for International Health.
Members of the student press have contributed to activist causes on several notable occasions. At the height of debate on coeducation in 1880, The Varsity published an article in its inaugural issue voicing in favour of admitting women.[34] In 1895, the university suspended the editor of The Varsity for breach of collegiality, after he published a letter that harshly criticized the provincial government's dismissal of a professor and involvement in academic affairs. University College students then approved a motion by Varsity staff member and future Prime MinisterWilliam Lyon Mackenzie King and boycotted lectures for a week.[184][185] After Prime Minister Pierre Trudeaudecriminalized homosexuality throughout Canada in 1969, a medical research assistant placed an advertisement in The Varsity seeking volunteers to establish the first university homophile association in Canada.[186]
Student social media
Several Facebook pages that posts memes about student life at the university were created in the 2010s, particularly True 🅱lue, and has impacted the student culture of the institution.[187]
Residences
Teefy House, a residence hall of St. Michael's College, is home to female first-year undergraduate students.
Each college at the University of Toronto operates its own set of residence halls and dining halls clustered in a different area of the campus. Innis, New, St. Michael's, Trinity, University, Victoria, and Woodsworth colleges reserve most of their dormitories for their undergraduate students within the Faculty of Arts and Science while setting a portion available to students from the professional and postgraduate faculties.[188]Massey College is exclusively for graduate students, while Knox and Wycliffe Colleges mainly house graduate theology students. Annesley Hall of Victoria College, a National Historic Site, was the first university residence for women in Canada. After St. Hilda's College became coeducational in 2005, Annesley Hall and Loretto College of St. Michael's College are the last remaining women's halls at the university.
As campus residences accommodate just 6,400 students in all, the university guarantees housing only for undergraduates in their first year of study, while most upper-year and graduate students reside off-campus.[52][189] Traditionally, the adjacent neighbourhoods of The Annex to the north and Harbord Village are popular settling grounds for University of Toronto students, forming a distinct student quarter enclave,[190][191] though Chinatown and Kensington Market, both to the south of the university, are increasingly populated by students. In 2004, the university purchased and converted a nearby hotel in the district that would later become Little Japan to the south into the Chestnut Residence, which houses students from all colleges and faculties. There are also numerous fraternity houses and student housing cooperatives, where boarders pay reduced rent for assuming housekeeping duties.
Demographics
This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(March 2024)
The University of Toronto is known for having a high enrolment of international students. In 2016–17, 19.7per cent of students were international.[192] The University planned to grow its international enrolment to 20.1 per cent by 2021–22. In 2017, the University of Toronto had more international students enrolled than all other Canadian post-secondary institutions.[193][194]
In 2011, 78 per cent of incoming first-year students identified as a visible minority.
In 2001–02, the overall gender ratio was about 57.1 per cent female to 42.9 per cent male for enrolled students, or about 15 males for every 20 females.[196] This gender gap has improved slightly in recent years to 55.8 per cent female and 44.2 per cent male, or about 16 males for every 20 females in 2014–15 (non-binary genders were not reported).[197] This gap is more pronounced for graduation rates, with 59 per cent of degrees conferred on females.[196] Gender ratios also depend on undergraduate versus graduate enrolment, and department.
The overall average of high school grades for first-year students was about 86 per cent for fall 2014.[197] The retention rate was 92.1 per cent.
In 2011–12, 40.3 per cent of the students were enrolled in the Social Science and Humanities departments, 23.9 per cent were enrolled in Biology, Engineering, and Mathematics & Physical Sciences. General education accounted for 14.7 per cent enrolment (all undergraduates). Health Professions was 12.7 per cent, Education 5.8 per cent, and Fine Arts 2.6 per cent.[196]
Campus suicides
The University of Toronto has faced significant criticism of its handling of student suicides and students' mental health problems.[198][199][200] From 2017 to 2019, four students committed suicide at the school, three of them in the Bahen Centre for Information Technology.[200] Student advocacy groups have said that the university contributed to the suicides by failing to provide mental health resources, with computer science student Shahin Imtiaz saying in an interview that "the university has turned into a pressure-cooker of intense demands, without the resources to meet the student needs to back it up."[200] While the university does not generally acknowledge student deaths as suicides,[201][202] the university responded to the deaths by adding additional safety barriers to the Bahen Centre[203] and by promising additional support, adding close to three million dollars in funding for student wellbeing.[199]
The 44 sports teams of the Varsity Blues represent the university in intercollegiate competitions. The two main leagues in which the Blues participate are U Sports (formerly known as Canadian Interuniversity Sport (CIS)) for national competitions and the auxiliary Ontario University Athletics (OUA) conference at the provincial level. The athletic nickname of Varsity Blues was not consistently used until the 1930s; previously, references such as "Varsity", "The Big Blue", "The Blue and White", "The Varsity Blue" and simply "The Blues" also appeared interchangeably.[204]The Blue and White is commonly played and sung in athletic games as a fight song.[205]
North American (gridiron) football traces its very origin to the University of Toronto with the first documented football game played at University College on November 9, 1861.[19][206][207] The Blues played their first intercollegiate football match in 1877 against the University of Michigan in a game that ended with a scoreless draw.[204] Since intercollegiate seasons began in 1898, the Blues have won four Grey Cup, two Vanier Cup and 25 Yates Cup championships, including the inaugural championships for all three trophies.[204] However, the football team has hit a rough patch following its last championship in 1993.[208] From 2001 until 2008, the Blues suffered the longest losing streak in Canadian collegiate history, recording 49 consecutive winless games.[209] This was preceded by a single victory in 2001 that ended a run of 18 straight losses.[210] The site of Varsity Stadium has served as the primary playing grounds of the Varsity Blues football and soccer programs since 1898.[24] It also served as the venue for archery during the 2015 Pan American Games.
Formed in 1891, the storied Varsity Blues men's ice hockey team has left many legacies on the national, professional and international hockey scenes. Conn Smythe played for the Blues as a centre during his undergraduate years, and was a Blues coach from 1923 to 1926.[211] When Smythe took over the Toronto Maple Leafs in 1927, his new team adopted the Varsity Blues' familiar blue-and-white sweater design.[211] Blues hockey competed at the 1928 Winter Olympics and captured the gold medal for Canada.[212] At the 1980 Winter Olympics, Blues coach Tom Watt served as co-coach of the Canadian hockey team in which six players were Varsity grads.[211] In all, the Blues have won the U Sports University Cup national hockey title ten times, last in 1984. Varsity Arena has been the permanent home of the Blues ice hockey programs since it opened in 1926.[24] In men's basketball, the Varsity Blues have won 14 conference titles, including the inaugural championship in 1909, but have not won a national title.[213] In swimming, the men's team has claimed the national crown 16 times since 1964, while the women's team has claimed the crown 14 times since 1970.[214] Established in 1897, the University of Toronto Rowing Club is Canada's oldest collegiate rowing club.[215] It earned a silver medal for the country in the men's eight rowing event in the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, finishing second to Yale's crew.[215]
The University of Toronto alumni-founded companies generate roughly equivalent to one-quarter of the Canadian GDP according to a survey published in 2021.[217]
1 2 3 4 The following figure is for the St. George campus, the university's largest campus in downtown Toronto. For data on the two other University of Toronto campuses, the Scarborough and Mississauga, refer to the respective articles.
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The University of Alberta is a public research university located in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It was founded in 1908 by Alexander Cameron Rutherford, the first premier of Alberta, and Henry Marshall Tory, the university's first president. It was enabled through the Post-secondary Learning Act. The university is considered a "comprehensive academic and research university" (CARU), which means that it offers a range of academic and professional programs that generally lead to undergraduate and graduate level credentials.
Education in Canada is for the most part provided publicly, funded and overseen by federal, provincial, and local governments. Education is within provincial jurisdiction and the curriculum is overseen by the province. Education in Canada is generally divided into primary education, followed by secondary education and post-secondary. Education in both English and French is available in most places across Canada. Canada has a large number of universities, almost all of which are publicly funded. Established in 1663, Université Laval is the oldest post-secondary institution in Canada. The largest university is the University of Toronto with over 85,000 students. Four universities are regularly ranked among the top 100 world-wide, namely University of Toronto, University of British Columbia, McGill University, and McMaster University, with a total of 18 universities ranked in the top 500 worldwide.
McMaster University is a public research university in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The main McMaster campus is on 121 hectares of land near the residential neighbourhoods of Ainslie Wood and Westdale, adjacent to the Royal Botanical Gardens. It operates six academic faculties: the DeGroote School of Business, Engineering, Health Sciences, Humanities, Social Science, and Science. It is a member of the U15, a group of research-intensive universities in Canada.
Trinity Western University (TWU) is a private Christian liberal arts university with campuses in both Langley and Richmond, British Columbia. The school is a member of Universities Canada.
The Temerty Faculty of Medicine is the medical school of the University of Toronto. Founded in 1843, the faculty is based in Downtown Toronto and is one of Canada's oldest institutions of medical studies, being known for the discovery of insulin, stem cells and the site of the first single and double lung transplants in the world.
The University of Toronto Students' Union (UTSU), legally named the Students' Administrative Council of the University of Toronto, Inc., serves as the elected representative body for full-time undergraduate students at the University of Toronto's St. George campus. It holds the distinction of being the second-largest student union in Canada and the third-largest in North America.
The Faculty of Arts & Science is a division of the University of Toronto which offers arts and science teaching and research institutions. With more than 27,000 undergraduate and 4,500 graduate students, Arts & Science represents over half the student population on the downtown campus.
McGill University is an English-language public research university located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Founded in 1821 by royal charter, the university bears the name of James McGill, a Scottish merchant, whose bequest in 1813 established the University of McGill College. In 1885, the name was officially changed to McGill University.
Queen's University at Kingston, commonly known as Queen's University or simply Queen's, is a public research university in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Queen's holds more than 1,400 hectares of land throughout Ontario and owns Herstmonceux Castle in East Sussex, England. Queen's is organized into eight faculties and schools.
The University of Cambridge is a public collegiate research university in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1209, the University of Cambridge is the world's third-oldest university in continuous operation. The university's founding followed the arrival of scholars who left the University of Oxford for Cambridge after a dispute with local townspeople. The two ancient English universities, although sometimes described as rivals, share many common features and are often jointly referred to as Oxbridge.
Toronto Metropolitan University, formerly Ryerson University, is a public research university located in Toronto, Canada. The university's core campus is situated within the Garden District, although it also operates facilities elsewhere in Toronto. The university includes seven academic divisions/faculties: the Faculty of Arts, the Faculty of Community Services, the Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Science, the Faculty of Science, the Creative School, the Lincoln Alexander School of Law, and the Ted Rogers School of Management. Many of these are further organized into smaller departments and schools. The university also provides continuing education services through the G. Raymond Chang School of Continuing Education.
↑ Originates from HoraceOdes, book I, ode 12, line 45: "crescit occulto velut arbor ævo fama Marcelli" ("The fame of Marcellus grows like a tree over time unseen").
1 2 Endowment figure does not include separate endowment funds maintained by individual colleges, which amount to C$555.7 million for Victoria University, C$83.7 million for Trinity College, and C$88.5 million for the University of St. Michael’s College in their respective most recent financial reports (2020-2023) Financial Report - 2023(PDF). Financial Services Department, University of Toronto. 2023. Archived(PDF) from the original on August 30, 2023. Retrieved October 22, 2023. Financial Statements of Trinity College - 2022(PDF). KPMG LLP. 2022. Retrieved October 22, 2023. Financial Statements - 2023(PDF). Financial Services Department, Victoria University. 2023. Retrieved October 22, 2023. Financial Statements of the University of St. Michael's College - 2020(PDF). KPMG LLP. 2020. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
1 2 Financial Report - 2021(PDF). Financial Services Department, University of Toronto. 2021. Archived(PDF) from the original on July 8, 2021. Retrieved August 3, 2021.
1 2 3 "Quick Facts". University of Toronto. Archived from the original on October 10, 2017. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
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↑ Faught, Brad (2000). "The Cast of Presidents". University of Toronto Magazine. No.Summer 2000. Archived from the original on February 18, 2007. Retrieved November 30, 2008.
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↑ Duffy, Dennis (2002). "As Canadian as a Snowflake". University of Toronto Magazine (Spring 2002). Archived from the original on January 18, 2008. Retrieved January 11, 2009.
1 2 Fraser, Brian J. (1995). Church, College, and Clergy: A History of Theological Education at Knox College, Toronto, 1844–1994. McGill-Queen's University Press. p.126. ISBN978-0-7735-1351-8.
↑ Leeper, Muriel (1998). "Ringing the bells – Carillon demonstration by musician Gerald Martindale at the Soldiers' Tower Carillon at the University of Toronto in Canada". Performing Arts & Entertainment in Canada. 32 (1). ISSN1185-3433.
↑ McClelland, Michael; Stewart, Graeme; E.R.A. Architects (2007). Concrete Toronto: A Guidebook to Concrete Architecture from the Fifties to the Seventies. Coach House Books. pp.34, 164, 173. ISBN978-1-55245-193-9.
1 2 Ross, Murray G. (April 1972). "The dilution of academic power in Canada: The University of Toronto Act". Minerva. 10 (2). Springer Netherlands: 242–258. doi:10.1007/BF01682420. S2CID143134795.
↑ "Introduction to New College". New College, University of Toronto. 2007. Archived from the original on February 21, 2009. Retrieved December 27, 2008. "About Innis College". Innis College, University of Toronto. 2005. Archived from the original on December 10, 2008. Retrieved December 27, 2008. "Mission and History". Woodsworth College, University of Toronto. 2006. Archived from the original on January 24, 2009. Retrieved December 27, 2008.
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↑ "About the Dictionary of Old English". Dictionary of Old English. Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Toronto. Archived from the original on July 24, 2019. Retrieved January 19, 2009.
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↑ Cheng, Alice Y.Y.; Zinman, Bernard (2002). "Insulin analogues and the treatment of diabetes". Diabetes: From Research to Diagnosis and Treatment. Informa Health Care. ISBN978-1-84184-151-9.
↑ McGregor, Nancy; Wardrop, Patricia; Winters, Kenneth. "Hart House". Encyclopedia of Music in Canada. Historica Canada. Archived from the original on June 9, 2019. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
↑ "The Founders' Prayer". Hart House. Archived from the original on November 22, 2007. Retrieved February 28, 2009. "... discover within its walls true education that is to be found within good fellowship, in friendly disputation and debate, in the conversation of wise and earnest men, in music, pictures and the play, in the casual book, in sports and games and the mastery of the body".
↑ "Willard Straight Hall Student Union". Office of the Dean of Students, Cornell University. 2009. Archived from the original on September 8, 2008. Retrieved February 28, 2009. As one of the United States first college unions, this Gothic structure was modeled after Hart House at the University of Toronto.
↑ "Question 9". Dear Uncle Ezra. Cornell University. Archived from the original on June 23, 2010. Retrieved February 28, 2009. The room itself is modeled after the University of Toronto's Hart House, the student union at U of T. The Memorial Room is a smaller version of the Great Hall in Hart House, which is about 3 times the size of the Straight and includes a large wing devoted to athletics.
1 2 Webb, Margaret (2003). "Fighting Words". University of Toronto Magazine (Summer 2003). Archived from the original on January 1, 2013. Retrieved February 28, 2009.
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↑ "Breaking New Ground". The History of Zeta Psi. Zeta Psi Fraternity of North America. 2007. Archived from the original on September 30, 2008. Retrieved February 28, 2009.
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↑ "Rupert M. K. Schieder 1915–2008". Globe and Mail. Canada. September 5, 2008.
↑ "Sunday Concert". Hart House Music Committee. 2008. Archived from the original on January 8, 2009. Retrieved February 25, 2009.
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↑ Bébout, Rick (January 2000). "Conception & birth". On the Origins of the Body Politic. Archived from the original on November 18, 2008. Retrieved February 28, 2009.
↑ "Enrolment Report 2016–17"(PDF). University of Toronto Planning and Budget Office. February 8, 2017. Archived from the original(PDF) on May 5, 2017. Retrieved October 29, 2017.
1 2 3 Xuelun Liang (2012). "Facts & Figures 2012"(PDF). University of Toronto. Archived(PDF) from the original on December 11, 2019. Retrieved October 29, 2017.
1 2 Okens, Patrick (1999). "Blues Before Sunrise: Rowing at the University of Toronto". University of Toronto Graduate Department of History.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
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