University Ranking by Academic Performance

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The University Ranking by Academic Performance [1] (URAP) is a university ranking developed by the Informatics Institute [2] of Middle East Technical University. Since 2010, it has been publishing annual national [3] and global [4] college and university rankings for top 2000 institutions. The scientometrics measurement of URAP is based on data obtained from the Institute for Scientific Information via Web of Science and inCites. For global rankings, URAP employs indicators of research performance including the number of articles, citation, total documents, article impact total, citation impact total, and international collaboration. In addition to global rankings, URAP publishes regional rankings for universities in Turkey using additional indicators such as the number of students and faculty members obtained from Center of Measuring, Selection and Placement ÖSYM.

Contents

Methodology

URAP gathers data from international bibliometric databases such as Web of Science and InCites provided by the Institute for Scientific Information. URAP uses data of 2,500 Higher Education Institutions (HEI) with highest number of articles published. The overall score of each HEI is based on its performance over several indicators. Of 2500 selected HEIs, the top 2000 are included in the rankings published by URAP. Field based rankings are performed on 23 fields based on Australia ERA. [5]

Indicators

URAP uses 6 main indicator to measure the academic performance. These indicators are number of articles, citation, total documents, article impact total, citation impact total, and international collaboration. The raw bibliometric data underlying URAP's 6 main indicators have highly skewed distribution. To address this issue, the median of the indicators have been used. The Delphi system was conducted with a group of experts to assign weighting scores to the indicators. Total score of 600 is distributed to indicators. URAP uses additional indicators for ranking universities in Turkey including the number of students and faculty members. The following table shows the indicators used for global rankings in URAP as of 2014.

IndicatorObjectiveWeight (out of 600)Source
Number of ArticlesScientific Productivity%21InCites
CitationResearch Impact%21InCites
Total DocumentsScientific Productivity%10InCites
Article Impact TotalResearch Quality%18InCites
Citation Impact TotalResearch Quality%15InCites
International CollaborationInternational Acceptance%15InCites

Number of articles

Number of articles is used as a measure of current scientific productivity which includes articles indexed by Web of Science. This indicator covers articles, reviews and notes. The weight of this indicator in the overall ranking is %21.

Citation

Citation, as an indicator in URAP ranking, is a measure of research impact. It is scored according to the total number of citations received. The weight of this indicator in the overall ranking is %21.

Total documents

Total documents is the measure of sustainability and continuity of scientific productivity. The total document count covers all scholarly literature provided by the Web of Science database, including conference papers, reviews, letters, discussions, scripts, and journal articles. The weight of this indicator in the overall ranking is %10.

Article Impact Total (AIT)

Article Impact Total (AIT) is a measure of scientific productivity adjusted by the ratio of institution's Citation Per Publication (CPP) to the world CPP in 23 subject areas. The ratio of the institution's CPP and the world CPP indicates whether the institution is performing above or below the world average in that field. This ratio is multiplied by the number of publications in that field and then summed across the 23 fields, as shown in the following formula:

The weight of this indicator in the overall ranking is %18.

Citation Impact Total (CIT)

Citation Impact Total (CIT) is a measure of research impact corrected by the institution's normalized CPP with respect to the world CPP in 23 subject areas. The ratio of the institution's CPP and the world CPP indicates whether the institution is performing above or below the world average in that field. This ratio is multiplied by the number of citations in that field and then summed across the 23 fields, as shown in the following formula:

The weight of this indicator in the overall ranking is %15.

International collaboration

International Collaboration is a measure of global acceptance of the institution. International collaboration data, which is based on the total number of published studies conducted in collaboration with foreign universities, is obtained from InCites. The weight of this indicator in the overall ranking is %15.

Current rankings

Global ranking

University Ranking by Academic Performance—Top 50 [a]
Institution2021-22 [6] 2020-21 [7] 2019–20 [8] 2018–19 [9] 2017–18 [10] 2016–17 [11] 2015–16 [12] 2014–15 [13]
Flag of the United States.svg Harvard University 11111111
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg University of Toronto 22222222
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg University College London 34356566
Flag of the United States.svg Stanford University 43445487
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg University of Oxford 55533333
Flag of the United States.svg Johns Hopkins University 66668644
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg University of Cambridge 77779855
Flag of the United States.svg University of Michigan 888911101010
Flag of the United States.svg University of Washington 91091012111111
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Tsinghua University 1012121825384858
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Shanghai Jiao Tong University 1118192432395059
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Imperial College London 1213131116151515
Flag of France.svg University of Paris-Saclay 13994 [b] 91 [b] 80 [b] 87 [b] 70 [b] 69 [b]
Flag of the United States.svg University of Pennsylvania 1415141514131313
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Zhejiang University 1520203133344246
Flag of the United States.svg University of California, Los Angeles 1616151313121212
Flag of the United States.svg Massachusetts Institute of Technology 17111187779
Flag of France.svg Sorbonne University 181410174 [c] 26 [c] 26 [c] 25 [c]
Flag of the United States.svg Columbia University 1917161415141414
Flag of Australia (converted).svg University of Sydney 2024242326272930
Flag of Denmark.svg University of Copenhagen 2119181617161622
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Peking University 2221212229334448
Flag of Australia (converted).svg University of Melbourne 2325232630313029
Flag of France.svg University of Paris 242397 [d] 95 [d] 87 [d] 85 [d] 78 [d] 76 [d]
Flag of the United States.svg University of California, San Diego 2526221918171716
Flag of the United States.svg University of California, San Francisco 2630312824221918
Flag of Singapore.svg National University of Singapore 2732283027293234
Flag of the United States.svg Cornell University 2828292523252524
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg University of British Columbia 2929272721212220
Flag of the United States.svg Yale University 3027262120192021
Flag of Brazil.svg University of São Paulo 3133333836403531
Flag of Australia (converted).svg Monash University 3237394653576264
Flag of the United States.svg University of California, Berkeley 3322171210998
Flag of Australia (converted).svg University of Queensland 3435353940414351
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Sun Yat-sen University 354860839399113116
Flag of the United States.svg Duke University 3634343328242423
Flag of Japan.svg University of Tokyo 3731252019181817
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg KU Leuven 3838374241232338
Flag of Australia (converted).svg University of New South Wales 3942445260717478
Flag of the Netherlands.svg University of Amsterdam 4040485163616161
Flag of the United States.svg Ohio State University 4139383638373332
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Huazhong University of Science and Technology 4249568194111135155
Flag of the United States.svg University of Pittsburgh 4343403535323128
Flag of Sweden.svg Karolinska Institute 4450514851536057
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Fudan University 4554586268749094
Flag of the United States.svg University of Chicago 4636302922202119
Flag of the United States.svg Northwestern University 4746454346383737
Flag of the Netherlands.svg Utrecht University 4845424045443735
Flag of South Korea.svg Seoul National University 4951474944503642
Flag of the United States.svg University of Minnesota 5044323231282727

Rankings by field

Commentary and reception

URAP covers considerably more institutions than other major ranking systems. In a section about URAP in “Where Are the Global Rankings Leading Us? An Analysis of Recent Methodological Changes and New Developments” published in the European Journal of Education it is mentioned that ”While it is less well-known than SRG, ARWU, THE, and QS, it is interesting because it published a list of 2000 universities, while the above rankings cover a maximum of 700 universities.” [14] This is also mentioned in the “EUA report on Ranking for 2013 “ published by the European University Association. It indicates that URAP, along with SCImago ranking system, “fill an important gap in the rankings market in that their indicators measure the performance of substantially more universities, up to 2000 in the case of URAP and over 3000 in SCImago, compared to only 400 in THE, 500 in SRC ARWU, NTU ranking and CWTS Leiden, and around 700 in QS.” [15]

URAP is mentioned as one of the four ranking systems that solely measure the academic performance. The other three are Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities, CWTS Leiden Ranking, and SCImago Institutions Rankings. [16] URAP excludes teaching indicators, such as student quality and teaching performance, from global rankings and only covers research-oriented indicators. [14] [17] In the “International Benchmarking in UK higher Education” [18] report of the Higher Education Statistics Agency, URAP is listed among the benchmarking resources for measuring academic. In the same report, URAP is categorized in the “whole university rankings” along with Times Higher Education World University Rankings (THE), QS World University Rankings, Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), CHE Excellence Rankings, RatER Global University Ranking of World Universities, Webometrics Ranking of World Universities, 2010 World University Ranking, SIR World Report, CWTS Leiden Ranking, U-Multirank, European Research Ranking, Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities, Human Resources & Labor Review (HRLR), and Professional Classification of Higher Education Institutions.

URAP in Research, Books, and Reports

URAP is mentioned and used in several studies based on, or referring to, global rankings. In the “World University Ranking Systems: An Alternative Approach Using Partial Least Squares Path Modeling” [16] article, published in the Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, Urap is incorporated in the suggested model as one of the nine major worldwide university ranking systems along with ARWU, QS, Times, Webometrics, Taiwan. Leiden, SIR, and CWUR. In the same article, URAP is categorized among the ranking systems that are based solely on publication performance. The other ranking systems in the same category are Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities, CWTS Leiden Ranking, and SCImago Institutions Rankings.

The following is a list of some of the books, peer-reviewed articles, and conference proceedings that have covered URAP or have incorporated it in their models or comparisons.

URAP in Press

URAP in university reports and websites

Annual URAP ranking results are used by a number of listed universities to indicate their academic performance. The following is a short list of links to university pages that has mentioned URAP results either independently or in conjunction with other ranking results.

Criticism

The indicators used in URAP are absolute values and size-dependent making it biased towards larger institutions. [15] [17] According to the “EUA report on Ranking for 2013“ published by the European University Association, URAP disregards books, excludes studies in arts and humanities areas, and under-represents social sciences. Furthermore, URAP does not employ any compensation for different publication cultures due to the lack of field-normalization of the results of bibliometric indicators. The report further states that “The results of the indicator on citation numbers in particular, as well as those on publication counts, are thus skewed towards the natural sciences and especially medicine.” It also states that excluding teaching indicators by URAP makes its focus solely on research-oriented institutions. [15]

The “University Ranking Lists: A directory” report published by the Division for Analysis and Evaluation of the University of Gothenburg points out a problem that might arise from including more than 500 institutions in the ranking system. It states that “It [URAP] lists 2000 universities, and the purpose is to provide a ranking that covers not only institutions in the Western elite group. This purpose contrasts starkly with other ranking producers’ decisions not to publish more than the 400-500 top positions of their lists, since they do not consider their methods reliable below that level. [URAP] do not comment this problem.” [28]

See also

Notes

  1. This table lists the top 50 institutions as of the 2020–21 rankings.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 As University of Paris-Sud.
  3. 1 2 3 4 As Pierre and Marie Curie University.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 As Paris Diderot University.

Notes and references

  1. "University Ranking by Academic Performance". Archived from the original on 2 September 2011. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
  2. "Middle East Technical University, Graduate School of Informatics" . Retrieved 23 March 2015.
  3. "URAP Türkiye Özel Bölümü" (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2 September 2011. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
  4. "World Ranking". Archived from the original on 14 December 2018. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
  5. "ERA 2015, Excellence in Research for Australia". Archived from the original on 1 April 2015. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
  6. "URAP - University Ranking by Academic Academic Performance". www.urapcenter.org. 15 December 2021. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
  7. "World Ranking". University Ranking by Academic Performance. Archived from the original on 6 December 2020. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
  8. "2019–2020 Rankings". University Ranking by Academic Performance. Archived from the original on 18 December 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
  9. "2018–2019 Rankings". University Ranking by Academic Performance. Archived from the original on 6 December 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
  10. "2017-2018 World Ranking". University Ranking by Academic Performance. Archived from the original on 6 January 2018. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
  11. "2016-2017 World Ranking". University Ranking by Academic Performance. Archived from the original on 6 June 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
  12. "2015-2016 World Ranking". University Ranking by Academic Performance. Archived from the original on 12 September 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
  13. "2014-2015 World Ranking". University Ranking by Academic Performance. Archived from the original on 23 March 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
  14. 1 2 3 Rauhvargers, Andrejs (March 2014). "Where Are the Global Rankings Leading Us? An Analysis of Recent Methodological Changes and New Developments". European Journal of Education. 49 (1): 29–44. doi:10.1111/ejed.12066. hdl: 20.500.12799/2904 .
  15. 1 2 3 4 Rauhvargers, Andrejs (2013). Global university rankings and their impact : report II (PDF). Brussels: European University Association. p. 65. ISBN   9789078997412. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 April 2015. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
  16. 1 2 3 Jajo, Nethal K.; Harrison, Jen (11 July 2014). "World university ranking systems: an alternative approach using partial least squares path modelling". Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management. 36 (5): 473. doi:10.1080/1360080X.2014.936090. S2CID   154548421.
  17. 1 2 "The URAP Ranking". IREG Observatory on Academic Ranking and Excellence . Retrieved 23 March 2015.
  18. Boxall, Mike; Webb, Andrew; Ramsden, Brian (2011). International Benchmarking in UK Higher Education. London: PA Consulting Group. p. 11. Archived from the original on 30 March 2015. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
  19. Fadeeva, Zinaida; Galkute, Laima; Mader, Clemens; Scott, Geoff (31 October 2014). Sustainable Development and Quality Assurance in Higher Education: Transformation of Learning and Society. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 29. ISBN   978-1137459138.
  20. Çokgezen, Murat (2012). "Determinants of University Choice: A Study on Economics Departments in Turkey". Journal of Higher Education. 4 (1): 23–31.
  21. Bassiliades, Nick (2014). "Collecting University Rankings for Comparison Using Web Extraction and Entity Linking Techniques". Information and Communication Technologies in Education, Research, and Industrial Applications. Communications in Computer and Information Science. Vol. 469. pp. 23–46. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-13206-8_2. ISBN   978-3-319-13205-1. S2CID   34466373.{{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  22. Alaşehir, Oğuzhan; Çakır, Murat Perit; Acartürk, Cengiz; Baykal, Nazife; Akbulut, Ural (2014). "URAP-TR: a national ranking for Turkish universities based on academic performance". Scientometrics. 101 (1): 159–178. doi:10.1007/s11192-014-1333-4. hdl: 11511/29983 . S2CID   11860359.
  23. Kutlar, Aziz; Kabasakal, Ali; Ekici, Mehmet Sena (2013). "Contributions of Turkish academicians supervising PhD dissertations and their universities to economics: an evaluation of the 1990–2011 period". Scientometrics. 97 (3): 639–658. doi:10.1007/s11192-013-0973-0. S2CID   6552988.
  24. Erdoğan, Melike; Kaya, İhsan (2014). "A Type-2 Fuzzy MCDM Method for Ranking Private Universities in İstanbul" (PDF). Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering. London.
  25. H. Wordofa, Kebede (April 2014). "Adoption of Web 2.0 in academic libraries of top African universities". The Electronic Library. 32 (2): 262–277. doi:10.1108/EL-07-2012-0077.
  26. Citra Sondari, Mery (2013). "Examining Job Description to Develop Job Performance Indicators for Higher Education Institution Based on MBNQA Education Criteria". Journal of Education & Vocational Research. 4 (4): 101–108. doi: 10.22610/jevr.v4i4.107 .
  27. Pusatli, O Tolga; Misra, Sanjay (2012). "Software Quality in Academic Curriculum: A Case Study in Turkey". 12th International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications (ICCSA). Salvador, Bahia, Brazil: IEEE. pp. 162–166. doi:10.1109/ICCSA.2012.40.
  28. 1 2 "University Ranking Lists:A directory" (PDF). University of Gothenburgh. 2013. p. 21.
  29. "ASERF E News Bulletin on EDUCATION" (PDF). Apeejay Stya Education Research Foundation. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  30. "Thomson Reuters partners with Times on university rankings". Research Information. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
  31. "Tübingen No. 5 in Germany – URAP 2012 World University Rankings" (PDF). University of Tübingen. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  32. "Turkey and Arab states announce new HE collaboration". University World News. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
  33. Holmes, Richard. "Power and responsibility – The growing influence of global rankings". University World News.
  34. "10 Turkish universities rank among top 500". Hurriyet Daily News. 16 July 2012.
  35. "Five Romanian universities included in international rankings". Romania Insider. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  36. "THE UPC IN THE MAIN UNIVERSITY RANKINGS" . Retrieved 23 March 2015.
  37. "Profile of Newcastle University's rankings over recent years" (PDF). www.ncl.ac.uk/. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 September 2015. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
  38. "Current Rankings". Newcastle University. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  39. "University Rankings". Mahidol University. Archived from the original on 31 August 2015. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
  40. "Global Standing". Seoul National University.
  41. "Annual Report for the year ended March 31, 2013" (PDF). University of Calgary.
  42. "University of Pittsburgh Ranks No. 22 Globally for Scholarly Publications". University of Pittsburgh. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  43. "UCD News. UCD ranked in top 200 for 22 subjects out of 30 categories in QS World University Rankings". University College Dublin. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  44. "Griffith's global rankings in 2011" (PDF). Griffith University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 May 2013. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  45. "Facts and Figures" (PDF). University of Erlangen-Nuremberg. Retrieved 24 March 2015.