1904 United States presidential election in Michigan

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1904 United States presidential election in Michigan
Flag of Michigan (1865-1911, obverse).svg
  1900 November 8, 1904 1908  

All 14 Michigan votes to the Electoral College
  Theodore Roosevelt by the Pach Bros (cropped 3x4).jpg AltonBParker.png
Nominee Theodore Roosevelt Alton B. Parker
Party Republican Democratic
Home state New York New York
Running mate Charles W. Fairbanks Henry G. Davis
Electoral vote140
Popular vote364,957135,392
Percentage69.51%25.79%

Michigan Presidential Election Results 1904.svg
County Results
Roosevelt
  50–60%
  60–70%
  70–80%
  80–90%
  90–100%

The 1904 United States presidential election in Michigan took place on November 8, 1904, as part of the 1904 United States presidential election. Voters chose 14 [1] representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Contents

Following the Panic of 1893 and the Populist movement, Michigan would turn from a competitive Republican-leaning state into a rigidly one-party polity dominated by the Republican Party. [2] The dominance of the culture of the Lower Peninsula by anti-slavery Yankees [3] would be augmented by the turn of formerly Democratic-leaning German Catholics away from that party as a result of the remodelled party's agrarian and free silver sympathies, which became rigidly opposed by both the upper class and workers who followed them. [4] The state Democratic Party was further crippled financially by the fact that the Populist movement had severed its ties with business and commerce in Michigan as in other Northern states. [5] A brief turn of the strongly evangelical Cabinet Counties toward the Populist movement in the 1896 United States presidential election would reverse itself following the return to prosperity under President William McKinley, so that these joined in Republican hegemony until the Great Depression.

In the 1894 elections, the Democratic Party lost all but one seat in the Michigan legislature, [6] and the party would only make minor gains there for the next third of a century. Unlike the other states of the Upper Midwest, the Yankee influence on the culture of the Lower Peninsula was so strong that left-wing third parties did not provide significant opposition to the Republicans, nor was there more than a moderate degree of coordinated factionalism within the hegemonic Michigan Republican Party. [7]

Although Michigan's few Democrats had cast their vote for the eventual nominee Alton B. Parker, they ultimately did nothing to campaign for him during his fall campaign, as polls consistently showed that Michigan would vote overwhelmingly Republican. [8] Incumbent Republican Theodore Roosevelt did briefly visit the state during his campaign, but did no extensive work because the state was believed so safe. [9] Predictions of a Roosevelt margin of 200,000 were conservative as in the end he defeated Parker by over 227,000 votes.

Roosevelt became the first presidential candidate to win all 83 of Michigan's counties, and furthermore carried them all by double digits; his lowest vote share in any county was 56.95 percent in Monroe County. Parker broke forty percent only in Monroe County and thirty percent in just fourteen counties. In most of the sparsely populated Upper Peninsula, Roosevelt carried over eighty percent of the vote, and in two counties even exceeded ninety percent.

Results

1904 United States presidential election in Michigan [10]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Theodore Roosevelt (inc.) 364,957 69.51%
Democratic Alton B. Parker 135,39225.79%
Prohibition Silas C. Swallow 13,4412.56%
Socialist Eugene V. Debs 9,0421.72%
People's Thomas E. Watson 1,1590.22%
Socialist Labor Charles Hunter Corregan 1,0360.20%
Total votes525,027 100%

Results by county

1904 United States presidential election in Michigan by county
CountyTheodore Roosevelt [11]
Republican
Alton Brooks Parker [11]
Democratic
Silas Comfort Swallow [12]
Prohibition
Eugene Victor Debs [12]
Socialist
Thomas Watson [12]
People's
Charles Corregan [12]
Socialist Labor
MarginTotal votes cast
# %# %# %# %# %# %# %
Alcona 90187.31%928.91%201.94%191.84%00.00%00.00%80978.39%1,032
Alger 1,08181.40%20415.36%100.75%272.03%40.30%20.15%87766.04%1,328
Allegan 5,58973.98%1,57620.86%2783.68%761.01%310.41%50.07%4,01353.12%7,555
Alpena 2,49869.37%90725.19%300.83%1444.00%70.19%150.42%1,59144.18%3,601
Antrim 2,60882.90%43613.86%852.70%120.38%50.16%00.00%2,17269.04%3,146
Arenac 1,37268.77%45822.96%904.51%673.36%60.30%20.10%91445.81%1,995
Baraga 56473.34%18524.06%111.43%40.52%20.26%30.39%37949.28%769
Barry 3,67563.08%1,81731.19%2774.75%410.70%90.15%70.12%1,85831.89%5,826
Bay 7,60968.25%3,14228.18%2452.20%760.68%230.21%530.48%4,46740.07%11,148
Benzie 1,58274.06%29513.81%21510.07%351.64%50.23%40.19%1,28760.25%2,136
Berrien 7,30962.99%3,81932.91%2061.78%2181.88%310.27%210.18%3,49030.08%11,604
Branch 4,38569.72%1,59825.41%1772.81%580.92%590.94%120.19%2,78744.32%6,289
Calhoun 7,50664.49%3,10226.65%3042.61%6375.47%350.30%550.47%4,40437.84%11,639
Cass 3,15057.61%1,93735.42%2133.90%1382.52%240.44%60.11%1,21322.18%5,468
Charlevoix 2,77281.39%46913.77%962.82%581.70%60.18%50.15%2,30367.62%3,406
Cheboygan 2,57270.10%97926.68%481.31%501.36%90.25%110.30%1,59343.42%3,669
Chippewa 2,92077.78%66217.63%1303.46%350.93%60.16%10.03%2,25860.15%3,754
Clare 1,45370.91%51925.33%452.20%271.32%40.20%10.05%93445.58%2,049
Clinton 4,09564.60%2,06832.62%1272.00%320.50%120.19%50.08%2,02731.98%6,339
Crawford 58773.56%19023.81%101.25%81.00%30.38%00.00%39749.75%798
Delta 3,33279.88%65815.78%481.15%1012.42%100.24%220.53%2,67464.11%4,171
Dickinson 2,98487.84%2838.33%671.97%451.32%90.26%90.26%2,70179.51%3,397
Eaton 5,55369.39%2,14126.75%2052.56%620.77%320.40%100.12%3,41242.63%8,003
Emmet 2,71069.15%94124.01%2436.20%100.26%130.33%20.05%1,76945.14%3,919
Genesee 6,59468.65%2,28123.75%3924.08%3003.12%140.15%240.25%4,31344.90%9,605
Gladwin 1,09379.49%23116.80%342.47%141.02%10.07%20.15%86262.69%1,375
Gogebic 2,11177.98%41415.29%1154.25%431.59%60.22%180.66%1,69762.69%2,707
Grand Traverse 3,38381.40%59414.29%1353.25%160.38%210.51%70.17%2,78967.11%4,156
Gratiot 4,53067.59%1,86327.80%2373.54%450.67%240.36%30.04%2,66739.79%6,702
Hillsdale 4,95170.45%1,65923.61%3314.71%460.65%350.50%60.09%3,29246.84%7,028
Houghton 8,85778.43%1,47113.03%3833.39%5284.68%120.11%420.37%7,38665.40%11,293
Huron 4,19171.09%1,48625.21%1702.88%380.64%80.14%20.03%2,70545.89%5,895
Ingham 6,81760.55%3,87134.38%3813.38%1461.30%270.24%170.15%2,94626.17%11,259
Ionia 5,44063.81%2,72932.01%2472.90%871.02%160.19%60.07%2,71131.80%8,525
Iosco 1,48275.30%42621.65%341.73%251.27%10.05%00.00%1,05653.66%1,968
Iron 1,62090.50%1397.77%201.12%30.17%60.34%20.11%1,48182.74%1,790
Isabella 3,54770.97%1,32126.43%921.84%190.38%180.36%10.02%2,22644.54%4,998
Jackson 7,77862.89%4,13133.40%2512.03%1100.89%250.20%720.58%3,64729.49%12,367
Kalamazoo 7,16362.34%3,26428.40%4954.31%4794.17%260.23%640.56%3,89933.93%11,491
Kalkaska 1,35483.89%18411.40%694.28%30.19%40.25%00.00%1,17072.49%1,614
Kent 20,25471.63%6,43022.74%6712.37%8252.92%520.18%450.16%13,82448.89%28,277
Keweenaw 65994.55%294.16%40.57%20.29%00.00%30.43%63090.39%697
Lake 90779.42%21118.48%90.79%131.14%20.18%00.00%69660.95%1,142
Lapeer 3,91768.96%1,51926.74%1723.03%571.00%130.23%20.04%2,39842.22%5,680
Leelanau 1,46475.27%41621.39%582.98%30.15%20.10%20.10%1,04853.88%1,945
Lenawee 7,89167.40%3,33428.48%3793.24%440.38%480.41%110.09%4,55738.93%11,707
Livingston 3,28860.32%1,98836.47%1542.83%90.17%90.17%30.06%1,30023.85%5,451
Luce 36480.89%6314.00%163.56%30.67%10.22%30.67%30166.89%450
Mackinac 1,19169.16%50329.21%201.16%40.23%30.17%10.06%68839.95%1,722
Macomb 4,81860.18%2,98937.33%1501.87%300.37%140.17%50.06%1,82922.85%8,006
Manistee 3,15567.43%1,23526.39%1082.31%1553.31%60.13%200.43%1,92041.03%4,679
Marquette 5,65482.94%78511.52%2183.20%1201.76%210.31%190.28%4,86971.42%6,817
Mason 2,39472.13%76423.02%1213.65%330.99%50.15%20.06%1,63049.11%3,319
Mecosta 3,31375.90%89820.57%1262.89%250.57%20.05%10.02%2,41555.33%4,365
Menominee 3,24672.98%98922.23%922.07%1022.29%80.18%110.25%2,25750.74%4,448
Midland 2,10770.63%76625.68%732.45%301.01%60.20%10.03%1,34144.95%2,983
Missaukee 1,78180.77%34515.65%502.27%190.86%100.45%00.00%1,43665.12%2,205
Monroe 4,40756.95%3,12740.41%1722.22%160.21%140.18%30.04%1,28016.54%7,739
Montcalm 5,31476.73%1,37219.81%1612.32%570.82%90.13%130.19%3,94256.92%6,926
Montmorency 65480.54%14617.98%101.23%00.00%10.12%10.12%50862.56%812
Muskegon 5,45376.46%1,18116.56%1031.44%3765.27%50.07%140.20%4,27259.90%7,132
Newaygo 2,96675.86%79020.20%1323.38%150.38%40.10%30.08%2,17655.65%3,910
Oakland 6,98661.88%3,95635.04%2622.32%600.53%190.17%60.05%3,03026.84%11,289
Oceana 2,65375.65%59116.85%2035.79%461.31%120.34%20.06%2,06258.80%3,507
Ogemaw 1,32075.47%32918.81%824.69%90.51%80.46%10.06%99156.66%1,749
Ontonagon 1,34577.08%35520.34%170.97%221.26%20.11%40.23%99056.73%1,745
Osceola 2,93680.24%56215.36%1353.69%140.38%70.19%50.14%2,37464.88%3,659
Oscoda 32386.13%4411.73%71.87%10.27%00.00%00.00%27974.40%375
Otsego 1,23978.82%26616.92%452.86%140.89%40.25%40.25%97361.90%1,572
Ottawa 5,90875.33%1,55319.80%1762.24%1672.13%190.24%200.26%4,35555.53%7,843
Presque Isle 1,86182.93%36316.18%130.58%50.22%10.04%10.04%1,49866.76%2,244
Roscommon 37371.46%11622.22%122.30%203.83%00.00%10.19%25749.23%522
Saginaw 10,14660.66%5,33031.86%2021.21%9575.72%210.13%710.42%4,81628.79%16,727
Sanilac 4,67174.37%1,21719.38%3395.40%240.38%250.40%50.08%3,45454.99%6,281
Schoolcraft 1,47283.49%22512.76%412.33%201.13%30.17%20.11%1,24770.73%1,763
Shiawassee 5,55366.19%2,24126.71%4655.54%1011.20%150.18%150.18%3,31239.48%8,390
St. Clair 8,30569.01%3,24826.99%2412.00%2101.74%140.12%170.14%5,05742.02%12,035
St. Joseph 3,64959.80%2,17635.66%1222.00%1091.79%370.61%90.15%1,47324.14%6,102
Tuscola 4,99272.15%1,51821.94%3495.04%420.61%140.20%40.06%3,47450.21%6,919
Van Buren 5,25472.67%1,63422.60%2173.00%710.98%450.62%90.12%3,62050.07%7,230
Washtenaw 6,56662.04%3,77935.71%1731.63%350.33%110.10%190.18%2,78726.33%10,583
Wayne 48,39369.38%19,54828.03%4260.61%1,1831.70%590.08%1410.20%28,84541.35%69,750
Wexford 3,00376.37%69017.55%2205.60%120.31%50.13%20.05%2,31358.83%3,932
Totals [a] 361,86369.53%134,16325.78%13,3122.56%8,9421.72%1,1450.22%1,0180.20%227,70043.75%520,443

See also

Notes

  1. These figures are lower for all candidates than those from Dave Leip’s U.S. Election Atlas.

References

  1. "1904 Election for the Thirtieth Term (1905-1909)" . Retrieved April 3, 2018.
  2. Burnham, Walter Dean (December 23, 1981). "The System of 1896: An Analysis". The Evolution of American Electoral Systems. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 178–179. ISBN   0313213798.
  3. English, Gustavus P.; Proceedings of the Ninth Republican National Convention (1888), p. 234
  4. Sundquist, James (December 2010). Politics and Policy: The Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson Years. Brookings Institution Press. p. 526. ISBN   978-0815719090.
  5. Rogowski, Ronald (2020). Commerce and Coalitions: How Trade Affects Domestic Political Alignments. Princeton University Press. ISBN   978-0691219431.
  6. "Swamped! The Democrats Drowned Out by a Tremendous Republican Tidal Wave". The L'Anse Sentinel. L'Anse. November 10, 1894. p. 1.
  7. Hansen, John Mark; Shigeo, Hirano; Snyder Jr, James M. (February 27, 2017). "Parties within Parties: Parties, Factions, and Coordinated Politics, 1900-1980". In Gerber, Alan S.; Schickler, Eric (eds.). Governing in a Polarized Age: Elections, Parties, and Political Representation in America. Cambridge University Press. pp. 165–168. ISBN   978-1-107-09509-0.
  8. "Parker Deserted". Los Angeles Daily Times . October 10, 1904. p. 5.
  9. "Ferris Elected on a Straw Vote". Detroit Free Press . October 2, 1904. p. 4.
  10. "1904 Presidential General Election Results - Michigan" . Retrieved April 3, 2018.
  11. 1 2 Géoelections; Popular Vote for President, 1904 (.xlsx file for €15)
  12. 1 2 3 4 Géoelections; Popular Vote for Eugene V. Debs (1904) (.xlsx file for €15)