1904 United States presidential election in Louisiana

Main article: 1904 United States presidential election

1904 United States presidential election in Louisiana

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Nominee Alton B. Parker Theodore Roosevelt Party Democratic Republican Home state New York New York Running mate Henry G. Davis Charles W. Fairbanks Electoral vote 9 0 Popular vote 47,708 5,205 Percentage 88.50% 9.66%

Parish Results Parker   60-70%   70-80%   80-90%   90-100% The 1904 United States presidential election in Louisiana took place on November 8, 1904. All contemporary 45 states were part of the 1904 United States presidential election. State voters chose nine electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president. Following the overthrow of Reconstruction Republican government, Louisiana, like most of the former Confederacy, established a Democratic-dominated but highly fraudulent political system [1] that would from 1890 be challenged by the rise of the Populist Party due to declining conditions for farmers. Both the Populists and the earlier Greenback Party — who shared key leaders like James B. Weaver — would be supported by the state Republican Party, [2] and in the 1896 gubernatorial election a fusion candidate was undoubtedly denied by the continued fraud. [3] Consequently, the state’s plantation elite radically rewrote the state’s constitution in the next gubernatorial term with a poll tax, literacy test, grandfather clause, and a secret ballot. The consequence was a reduction in the number of registered black voters by 96 percent, [4] and virtual elimination of black voting in Acadiana until the 1950s. [a] Louisiana consequently became a one-party state dominated by the Democratic Party, as the now-moribund Republican party lacked any white base because Louisiana completely lacked upland or German refugee whites opposed to secession. [7] After 1900, not until 1964 would another Republican serve in the state legislature. [8] Despite this absolute single-party dominance, non-partisan tendencies remained strong among wealthy sugar planters in Acadiana, within the business elite of New Orleans, [9] and even amongst the “lily-white” “National Republican” GOP faction who supported black disenfranchisement in an effort to become respectable amongst the white elite. [10] State politics became controlled by the Choctaw Club of Louisiana, generally called the “Old Regulars”. This political machine was based in New Orleans and united with Black Belt cotton planters. [11] Although white Republicans continued to work towards taking over Federal patronage from the “black and tans”, throughout most of the 1900s Louisiana politics was under firm Choctaw control as the Populist movement weakened with the disenfranchisement of many poor whites via the poll tax. [10] Louisiana was won by the Democratic nominees, Chief Judge Alton B. Parker of New York and his running mate Henry G. Davis of West Virginia. They defeated the Republican nominees, incumbent President Theodore Roosevelt of New York and his running mate Charles W. Fairbanks of Indiana. Parker won the state by a landslide margin of 78.84%. With 88.5 percent of the popular vote, Louisiana would be Parker's third strongest victory in terms of percentage in the popular vote after South Carolina and neighboring Mississippi. [12] Results 1904 United States presidential election in Louisiana [13] Party Candidate Votes Percentage Electoral votes Democratic Alton B. Parker 47,708 88.50% 9 Republican Theodore Roosevelt (incumbent) 5,205 9.66% 0 Social Democratic Eugene V. Debs 995 1.85% 0 Totals 53,908 100.00% 9 Voter turnout — Results by parish 1904 United States presidential election in Louisiana by parish [14] [15] Parish Alton Parker Democratic Theodore Roosevelt Republican Eugene Debs Social Democratic Margin Total votes cast #  % #  % #  % #  % Acadia 626 77.09% 133 16.38% 53 6.53% 493 60.71% 812 Ascension 504 74.12% 175 25.74% 1 0.15% 329 48.38% 680 Assumption 592 78.72% 160 21.28% 0 0.00% 432 57.45% 752 Avoyelles 1,054 95.30% 37 3.35% 15 1.36% 1,017 91.95% 1,106 Bienville 833 93.81% 44 4.95% 11 1.24% 789 88.85% 888 Bossier 475 97.94% 10 2.06% 0 0.00% 465 95.88% 485 Caddo 1,592 96.95% 47 2.86% 3 0.18% 1,545 94.09% 1,642 Calcasieu 1,102 69.48% 401 25.28% 83 5.23% 701 44.20% 1,586 Caldwell 198 91.67% 16 7.41% 2 0.93% 182 84.26% 216 Cameron 178 90.82% 15 7.65% 3 1.53% 163 83.16% 196 Catahoula 514 79.32% 124 19.14% 10 1.54% 390 60.19% 648 Claiborne 708 97.52% 16 2.20% 2 0.28% 692 95.32% 726 Concordia 209 95.00% 2 0.91% 9 4.09% 200 [b] 90.91% 220 De Soto 908 97.63% 9 0.97% 13 1.40% 895 [b] 96.24% 930 East Baton Rouge 994 95.30% 48 4.60% 1 0.10% 946 90.70% 1,043 East Carroll 211 99.06% 2 0.94% 0 0.00% 209 98.12% 213 East Feliciana 388 97.73% 7 1.76% 2 0.50% 381 95.97% 397 Franklin 347 98.30% 5 1.42% 1 0.28% 342 96.88% 353 Grant 280 74.47% 71 18.88% 25 6.65% 209 55.59% 376 Iberia 734 76.30% 205 21.31% 23 2.39% 529 54.99% 962 Iberville 515 87.73% 72 12.27% 0 0.00% 443 75.47% 587 Jackson 576 91.00% 53 8.37% 4 0.63% 523 82.62% 633 Jefferson 1,110 97.11% 25 2.19% 8 0.70% 1,085 94.93% 1,143 Lafayette 496 88.89% 41 7.35% 21 3.76% 455 81.54% 558 Lafourche 931 84.56% 168 15.26% 2 0.18% 763 69.30% 1,101 Lincoln 532 94.66% 26 4.63% 4 0.71% 506 90.04% 562 Livingston 358 88.18% 47 11.58% 1 0.25% 311 76.60% 406 Madison 150 100.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 150 100.00% 150 Morehouse 526 96.16% 20 3.66% 1 0.18% 506 92.50% 547 Natchitoches 630 83.44% 125 16.56% 0 0.00% 505 66.89% 755 Orleans 16,103 89.65% 1,380 7.68% 480 2.67% 14,723 81.96% 17,963 Ouachita 669 94.36% 26 3.67% 14 1.97% 643 90.69% 709 Plaquemines 620 93.09% 38 5.71% 8 1.20% 582 87.39% 666 Pointe Coupee 505 98.06% 10 1.94% 0 0.00% 495 96.12% 515 Rapides 827 87.61% 107 11.33% 10 1.06% 720 76.27% 944 Red River 371 94.64% 12 3.06% 9 2.30% 359 91.58% 392 Richland 291 97.65% 7 2.35% 0 0.00% 284 95.30% 298 Sabine 504 87.80% 58 10.10% 12 2.09% 446 77.70% 574 Saint Bernard 424 92.58% 34 7.42% 0 0.00% 390 85.15% 458 Saint Charles 313 96.31% 12 3.69% 0 0.00% 301 92.62% 325 Saint Helena 234 88.30% 30 11.32% 1 0.38% 204 76.98% 265 Saint James 327 72.67% 99 22.00% 24 5.33% 228 50.67% 450 Saint John the Baptist 283 91.88% 24 7.79% 1 0.32% 259 84.09% 308 Saint Landry 887 92.88% 60 6.28% 8 0.84% 827 86.60% 955 Saint Martin 613 96.38% 23 3.62% 0 0.00% 590 92.77% 636 Saint Mary 749 79.18% 193 20.40% 4 0.42% 556 58.77% 946 Saint Tammany 453 83.27% 59 10.85% 32 5.88% 394 72.43% 544 Tangipahoa 623 77.39% 170 21.12% 12 1.49% 453 56.27% 805 Tensas 203 97.13% 6 2.87% 0 0.00% 197 94.26% 209 Terrebonne 702 82.49% 144 16.92% 5 0.59% 558 65.57% 851 Union 496 96.88% 15 2.93% 1 0.20% 481 93.95% 512 Vermilion 792 86.65% 111 12.14% 11 1.20% 681 74.51% 914 Vernon 469 61.31% 275 35.95% 21 2.75% 194 25.36% 765 Washington 367 90.84% 36 8.91% 1 0.25% 331 81.93% 404 Webster 698 97.08% 21 2.92% 0 0.00% 677 94.16% 719 West Baton Rouge 233 97.90% 5 2.10% 0 0.00% 228 95.80% 238 West Carroll 124 89.86% 5 3.62% 9 6.52% 115 [b] 83.33% 138 West Feliciana 319 96.08% 13 3.92% 0 0.00% 306 92.17% 332 Winn 277 63.10% 128 29.16% 34 7.74% 149 33.94% 439 Totals 47,747 88.51% 5,205 9.65% 995 1.84% 42,542 78.86% 53,947 See also United States presidential elections in Louisiana Notes In the remainder of the state most blacks were already disenfranchised by intimidation [5] before the 1898 Constitution and few voted again until after the Voting Rights Act of 1965. [6] In this parish where Debs ran second ahead of Roosevelt, margin given is Parker vote minus Debs vote and percentage margin Parker percentage minus Debs percentage. References Hair, William Ivy (1969). Bourbonism and agrarian protest; Louisiana politics, 1877-1900. Louisiana State University Press. pp. 114–115. ISBN   0807109088. Kousser, J. Morgan (1975). The Shaping of Southern Politics: Suffrage Restriction and the Establishment of the One-Party South, 1880-1910 (Second Printing ed.). New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. p. 25. ISBN   0-300-01973-4. Kousser. The Shaping of Southern Politics, p. 41 Lewinson, Paul (1965). Race, class and party; a history of Negro suffrage and white politics in the South. New York City: Grosset & Dunlap. p. 81. See Howard, Perry H. (1954). "A New Look at Reconstruction". Political Tendencies in Louisiana, 1812-1952; An Ecological Analysis of Voting Behavior (Thesis). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. pp. 112–113. OCLC   8115. Subcommittee No. 5 (1965). 1965 Voting Rights Act (Report). Committee on the Judiciary, United States House of Representatives. pp. 4, 139–201. Phillips, Kevin P. (November 23, 2014). The Emerging Republican Majority. Princeton University Press. pp. 208, 210. ISBN   9780691163246. Kang, Michael S. (May 29, 2019). "Hyperpartisan Gerrymandering". Boston College Law Review . 69: 1395. Schott, Matthew J. (Summer 1979). "Progressives against Democracy: Electoral Reform in Louisiana, 1894-1921". Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association. 20 (3): 247–260. Heersink, Boris; Jenkins, Jeffrey A. (March 19, 2020). Republican Party Politics and the American South, 1865-1968. Cambridge University Press. pp. 265–266. ISBN   978-1107158436. Wall, Bennett H.; Rodriguez, John C. (January 28, 2014). Louisiana: A History. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 274–275. ISBN   978-1118619292. "1904 Presidential Election Statistics". Dave Leip’s Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved March 5, 2018. Dave Leip's U.S. Election Atlas; Presidential General Election Results – Louisiana "Popular Vote for President, 1904". Géoelections. (.xlsx file for €15) "Popular Vote for Eugene V. Debs (1904)". Géoelections. (.xlsx file for €15) This page is based on this Wikipedia article Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.