Winn Parish, Louisiana

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Winn Parish, Louisiana
Parish
Parish of Winn
Winn Parish, LA, Courthouse MVI 2727.jpg
Winn Parish Courthouse in Winnfield
Map of Louisiana highlighting Winn Parish.svg
Location within the U.S. state of Louisiana
Louisiana in United States.svg
Louisiana's location within the US
CountryFlag of the United States.svg United States
StateFlag of Louisiana.svg Louisiana
Region North Louisiana
FoundedFebruary 24, 1852;173 years ago (1852-02-24)
Named after Walter Winn or Winfield Scott
Parish seat (and largest city) Winnfield
Incorporated municipalities
6 (total)
  • 1 city, 1 town, and 4 villages
  • (located entirely or partially
    within parish boundaries)
Area
 • Total
957 sq mi (2,480 km2)
 • Land950 sq mi (2,500 km2)
 • Water6.7 sq mi (17 km2)
 • percentage0.7 sq mi (1.8 km2)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
13,755
 • Density14/sq mi (5.6/km2)
Time zone UTC-6 (CST)
 • Summer (DST) UTC-5 (CDT)
Area code 318
Congressional district 5th

Winn Parish is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,755. [1] The parish seat and largest city is Winnfield. [2] The parish was founded in 1852. [3] It is last in alphabetical order of Louisiana's sixty-four parishes. Winn is separated from Natchitoches Parish along U.S. Highway 71 by Saline Bayou, the first blackwater protected waterway in the American South.

Contents

History

Saline Bayou Saline Bayou (Winn-Natchitoches Parish, LA) IMG 7496 1.jpg
Saline Bayou
Backwater flooding in Winn Parish led temporarily in June 2015 to a detour around U.S. Highway 71 at St. Maurice, Louisiana. 2015 backwater flooding in Winn Parish, LA MG 7194.JPG
Backwater flooding in Winn Parish led temporarily in June 2015 to a detour around U.S. Highway 71 at St. Maurice, Louisiana.

Winn Parish was established in 1852 from lands which had belonged to the parishes of Catahoula, Natchitoches, and Rapides. [3]

During the Civil War, David Pierson, a young attorney, was elected to represent the parish at the Secession Convention called in January 1861 in Baton Rouge by Governor Thomas Overton Moore. Pierson voted against secession and refused, along with several others, to change his "no" vote at the end of the process when asked to do so to make the final tally unanimous.[ citation needed ]

That these conscripts refused to fight for the Confederacy is understandable considering that Union support was higher in north Louisiana, and especially high in Winn Parish. [4] The Confederate States Army defeated a Union detachment sent to destroy a salt works in the parish. Winn Parish contributed to the $80,000 raised to build fortifications on the nearby Red River. [5]

After the war, bandits roamed the Natchez Trace or Harrisonburg Road that ran through the lower part of the parish. Among the worst were the West and Kimbrell clan. For seven years they preyed especially on travelers and migrants passing through the area. [6]

In April 1873, white Democrats forming a militia from Winn Parish joined with ex-Confederate veterans from Rapides and Grant parishes against Republican blacks in the Colfax massacre in neighboring Grant Parish. [7] [8] They attacked freedmen defending the parish courthouse and two Republican officeholders in the aftermath to the disputed gubernatorial election of 1872. Among the 80–150 blacks killed were at least 50 who had surrendered; a total of three white men were killed in the confrontation. [9] [10] [11] [12]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the parish has a total area of 957 square miles (2,480 km2), of which 950 square miles (2,500 km2) is land and 6.7 square miles (17 km2) (0.7%) is water. [13]

Major highways

Adjacent parishes

National protected area

Communities

City

Town

Villages

Unincorporated areas

Census-designated places

Other communities

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1860 6,876—
1870 4,954−28.0%
1880 5,84618.0%
1890 7,08221.1%
1900 9,64836.2%
1910 18,35790.3%
1920 16,119−12.2%
1930 14,766−8.4%
1940 16,92314.6%
1950 16,119−4.8%
1960 16,034−0.5%
1970 16,3692.1%
1980 17,2535.4%
1990 16,269−5.7%
2000 16,8943.8%
2010 15,313−9.4%
2020 13,755−10.2%
U.S. Decennial Census [15]
1790–1960 [16] 1900–1990 [17]
1990–2000 [18] 2010 [19]

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the parish had a population of 13,755, 5,181 households, and 3,661 families residing there. [20]

The median age was 40.1 years; 20.7% of residents were under the age of 18 and 18.7% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 113.0 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 115.5 males age 18 and over. [20]

The racial makeup of the parish was 62.5% White, 25.6% Black or African American, 0.6% American Indian and Alaska Native, 1.3% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 6.3% from some other race, and 3.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 7.4% of the population. [21]

34.0% of residents lived in urban areas, while 66.0% lived in rural areas. [22]

There were 5,181 households in the parish, of which 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 41.4% were married-couple households, 21.6% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 32.2% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 32.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. [20]

There were 6,339 housing units, of which 18.3% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 71.5% were owner-occupied and 28.5% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.9% and the rental vacancy rate was 6.9%. [20]

Racial and ethnic composition

Winn Parish, Louisiana – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)Pop 1980 [23] Pop 1990 [24] Pop 2000 [25] Pop 2010 [26] Pop 2020 [27] % 1980% 1990% 2000% 2010% 2020
White alone (NH)12,28111,27011,10010,1088,49871.18%69.27%65.70%66.01%61.78%
Black or African American alone (NH)4,8204,7755,3964,6663,51827.94%29.35%31.94%30.47%25.58%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)20618196770.12%0.37%0.48%0.63%0.56%
Asian alone (NH)202227391720.12%0.14%0.16%0.25%1.25%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH)x [28] x [29] 9216xx0.05%0.01%0.12%
Other race alone (NH)4227250.02%0.01%0.01%0.05%0.18%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH)x [30] x [31] 132155426xx0.78%1.01%3.10%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)1081391472401,0230.63%0.85%0.87%1.57%7.44%
Total17,25316,26916,89415,31313,755 100.00%100.00%100.00%100.00%100.00%

Education

Winn Parish School Board operates local public schools in all of the parish. [32]

Corrections

Winn Correctional Center is in an unincorporated section of Winn Parish. Corrections Corporation of America, under contract with Louisiana Department of Public Safety and Corrections, once operated the prison. [33]

National Guard

"A" Company of the Louisiana National Guard 199th Forward Support Battalion was previously located in Winnfield, Louisiana. The unit deployed twice to Iraq as part of the 256TH IBCT in 2004-5 and 2010. The unit's Winnfield Armory was closed.[ citation needed ]

Politics

Winn Parish, Louisiana, has distinguished itself as a notable indicator of statewide electoral outcomes. This parish has consistently mirrored the state's choice for the presidential winner in 15 consecutive elections since 1964.

United States presidential election results for Winn Parish, Louisiana [34]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
№ %№ %№ %
1912 262.50%60057.75%41339.75%
1916 505.45%86894.55%00.00%
1920 29119.70%96365.20%22315.10%
1924 12013.09%79786.91%00.00%
1928 53331.46%1,16168.54%00.00%
1932 361.60%2,17296.71%381.69%
1936 2549.60%2,39390.40%00.00%
1940 38213.02%2,55286.98%00.00%
1944 88138.57%1,40361.43%00.00%
1948 33311.37%94032.08%1,65756.55%
1952 1,91546.47%2,20653.53%00.00%
1956 1,73649.56%1,22534.97%54215.47%
1960 1,83944.90%1,10827.05%1,14928.05%
1964 4,36678.54%1,19321.46%00.00%
1968 1,05016.68%1,23019.54%4,01563.78%
1972 4,23570.40%1,49024.77%2914.84%
1976 3,20946.58%3,54351.43%1371.99%
1980 3,94452.26%3,41145.20%1922.54%
1984 4,93463.85%2,63334.08%1602.07%
1988 4,16559.02%2,69938.25%1932.73%
1992 2,93238.84%3,53746.85%1,08014.31%
1996 2,80337.56%3,77950.64%88111.80%
2000 4,02863.32%2,16734.07%1662.61%
2004 4,36667.10%2,05631.60%851.31%
2008 4,63268.40%2,04730.23%931.37%
2012 4,54169.50%1,91929.37%741.13%
2016 4,60872.32%1,64425.80%1201.88%
2020 4,61974.20%1,54324.79%631.01%
2024 4,43776.75%1,29222.35%520.90%

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Census - Geography Profile: Winn Parish, Louisiana". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved January 22, 2023.
  2. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. 1 2 "Winn Parish". Center for Cultural and Eco-Tourism. Retrieved September 5, 2014.
  4. ↑ King, William Henry, 1828–1903. (2006). No pardons to ask, nor apologies to make : the journal of William Henry King, Gray's 28th Louisiana Infantry Regiment. Joiner, Gary D., Joiner, Marilyn S., Cardin, Clifton D. (Clifton Dale), 1957– (1st ed.). Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN   1-57233-461-4. OCLC   61204291.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  5. ↑ John D. Winters, The Civil War in Louisiana, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1963, ISBN   0-8071-0834-0, pp. 164, 310
  6. ↑ LeJeune, Keagan (2016). Legendary Louisiana Outlaws: The Villains and Heroes of Folk Justice. Baton Rouge: LSU Press. pp. 48–49. ISBN   9780807162590.
  7. ↑ Keith, Leeanna, The Colfax Massacre: The Untold Story of Black Power, White Terror, & The Death of Reconstruction, New York: Oxford University Press, 2007
  8. ↑ Lane, Charles (2008). The Day Freedom Died: The Colfax Massacre, the Supreme Court, and the Betrayal of Reconstruction . New York: Henry Holt & Company. ISBN   9780805083422.
  9. ↑ Buddy Jordan obituary, Alexandria Daily Town Talk , February 23, 2012
  10. ↑ Louisiana Secretary of State, General election returns, November 17, 2007
  11. ↑ ""Former Sheriff of Winn Parish Found Guilty: Federal Jury Convicts A. D. "Bodie" Little of Drug Charges Tonight," February 24, 2012" (PDF). justice.gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 14, 2012. Retrieved March 4, 2012.
  12. ↑ "Tom Kelly, "Third Sheriff Jordan elected in Winn Parish," 2011". thepineywoods.com. Retrieved March 4, 2012.
  13. ↑ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on September 28, 2013. Retrieved September 2, 2014.
  14. ↑ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Packton
  15. ↑ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 2, 2014.
  16. ↑ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved September 2, 2014.
  17. ↑ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 2, 2014.
  18. ↑ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved September 2, 2014.
  19. ↑ "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved August 18, 2013.
  20. 1 2 3 4 "2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1)". United States Census Bureau. 2021. Retrieved January 3, 2026.
  21. ↑ "2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171)". United States Census Bureau. 2021. Retrieved January 3, 2026.
  22. ↑ "2020 Decennial Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics (DHC)". United States Census Bureau. 2023. Retrieved January 3, 2026.
  23. ↑ "1980 Census of Population - General Population Characteristics - Louisiana - Table 14 - Persons by Race and Table 15 - Total Persons and Spanish Origin Persons by Type of Spanish Origin and Race (p. 20/12-20/20)" (PDF). United States Census Bureau .
  24. ↑ "1990 Census of Population - General Population Characteristics - Louisiana - Table 6 - Race and Hispanic Origin" (PDF). United States Census Bureau . p. 15-38.
  25. ↑ "P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Winn Parish, Louisiana". United States Census Bureau .
  26. ↑ "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Winn Parish, Louisiana". United States Census Bureau .
  27. ↑ "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Winn Parish, Louisiana". United States Census Bureau .
  28. ↑ included in the Asian category in the 1980 Census
  29. ↑ included in the Asian category in the 1990 Census
  30. ↑ not an option in the 1980 Census
  31. ↑ not an option in the 1990 Census
  32. ↑ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Winn Parish, LA" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved July 31, 2022. - Text list
  33. ↑ "Winn Corr. Center Archived 2008-09-15 at the Wayback Machine ." Louisiana Department of Public Safety and Corrections . Accessed September 14, 2008.
  34. ↑ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved March 7, 2018.

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