St. Landry Parish, Louisiana

St. Landry Parish
Parish
The St. Landry Parish Courthouse in Opelousas during the Civil War
Location within the U.S. state of Louisiana
Louisiana's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 30°36′N92°00′W / 30.6°N 92°W / 30.6; -92
Country	United States
State	Louisiana
Founded	1807
Named for	St. Landry Catholic Church
Seat	Opelousas
Largest city	Opelousas
Area
• Total	939 sq mi (2,430 km2)
• Land	924 sq mi (2,390 km2)
• Water	15 sq mi (40 km2)  1.6%
Population  (2020)
• Total	82,540
• Estimate  (2022)	82,786
• Density	88/sq mi (34/km2)
Time zone	UTC−6 (Central)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional districts	3rd, 4th, 5th
Website	stlandrypg.org

St. Landry Parish (French : Paroisse de Saint-Landry) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 82,540. ^[1] The parish seat is Opelousas. ^[2] The parish was established in 1807. ^[3]

St. Landry Parish comprises the Opelousas, LA Micropolitan Statistical Area (μSA), which is also included in the Lafayette-Opelousas-Morgan City, LA Combined Statistical Area. It is at the heart of Creole and Cajun culture and heritage in Louisiana.

History

French and Spanish Territory

The land that became St. Landry Parish was inhabited since at least 10,500 B.C., as deduced from excavations of three prehistoric dwelling sites. By the 15th century, the Opelousa Indians settled in the area situated between Atchafalaya River and Sabine River (at the border of Texas-Louisiana). The Opelousa were war-like and preyed on neighbors to defend their own territory.

The first European recorded in the Opelousa territory was a French trader named Michel de Birotte. He came in 1690 and negotiated with the Opelousa nation.^{[ citation needed ]} Nine years later, France named Louisiana as a colony and defined the land occupied by the Opelousa as the Opelousas Territory. The area south of the Opelousas Territory between the Atchafalaya River, the Gulf of Mexico and Bayou Nezpique, occupied by the Atakapas Indians (Eastern Atakapa), was named Atakapas Territory.

In 1764, France established the Opelousas Post slightly north of the contemporary city of Opelousas (near present-day Washington). ^[4] It was a major trading organization for the developing area. In addition, France established the Attakapas Post (near the present-day St. Martinville) in the Attakapas Territory, in 1765. France gave land grants to soldiers and settlers to encourage development. Most settlers were French immigrants. Tradition says that Jean Joseph LeKintrek and Joseph Blainpain, who had formed a partnership to trade with the Opelousa Indians, came in the early 1740s. They brought three enslaved Africans, the first to live in the area. ^[5]

Some Indians sold land to the newcomers. When the Eastern Attakapas Chief Kinemo sold all the land between Vermilion River and Bayou Teche to Frenchman Gabriel Fuselier de la Claire in 1760, however, the angry Opelousa tribe exterminated the Attakapas (Eastern Atakapa).

France ceded Louisiana and its territories to Spain in 1762. Under Spanish rule, Opelousas Post became the center of government for Southwest Louisiana. By 1769 about 100 families were living in Opelousas Post. Between 1780 and 1820, the first settlers were joined by others coming from the Attakapas Territory, from the Pointe Coupée Territory, and east from the Atchafalaya River area. They were joined by immigrants from the French West Indies, who left after Haiti/St. Domingue became independent in a slave revolution. Most of the new settlers were French, Spaniards, French Creoles, Spanish Creoles, Africans and African-Americans.

The group from Attakapas Post included many Acadians. These were French who migrated from Nova Scotia in 1763, after their expulsion by the English in the aftermath of France's defeat in the Seven Years' War (known in North America as the French and Indian War). They were led by Jean-Jacques Blaise d'Abbadie. D'Abbadie was Governor of the territory from 1763 to 1765. The French community built St. Landry Catholic Church by 1766, dedicated to St. Landry (Landericus) of Paris, the Bishop of Paris in the 7th century. ^{[6] [7]}

On April 10, 1805, after the United States had acquired the Louisiana Purchase, the post was named the town of Opelousas and became the seat of the County of Opelousas, part of the Territory of Orleans. In 1807, when the territory was reorganized into parishes, Opelousas was designated the seat of St. Landry Parish. ^[8]

Purchase by the United States

1893 Map of St. Landry

The United States gained control of the territory in 1803 through the Louisiana Purchase. Americans from the South and other parts of the United States began to migrate to the area, marking the arrival of the first large English-speaking population and the introduction of the need for more general use of English. ^[4]

St. Landry Parish was officially established on April 10, 1805, by a legislative act, becoming the largest parish in the Louisiana state. The new parish was named after the St. Landry Catholic Church located near the Opelousas Post. ^[4] The parish's boundaries encompassed about half the land of the Opelousas Territory, between the Atchafalaya River and Sabine River, between Rapides Parish and Vernon Parish, and Lafayette and St. Martin Parishes. Since then, the area of the parish has decreased, as six additional parishes have been created from its territory. These include Calcasieu, Acadia, Evangeline, Jeff Davis, Beauregard, and Allen. ^[4]

In 1821 the second educational institution west of the Mississippi was founded in Grand Coteau. In this community south of Opelousas is the Academy of the Sacred Heart, a private Catholic school founded by the French Creole community. ^[9]

The city of Opelousas has been the seat of government for the St. Landry Parish since its formation. ^[4] After Baton Rouge fell to the Union troops during the Civil War in 1862, Opelousas became the state capital for nine months. The capital was moved again in 1863, this time to Shreveport when Union troops occupied Opelousas. ^{[10] [11]}

St. Landry Parish originally consisted of all the territory in the current parishes of Acadia, Evangeline, and St. Landry. Over time, it was separated into three different parishes. The southwestern portion of St. Landry was broken off to become Acadia Parish in 1886. A bill was introduced in the Louisiana House of Representatives entitled "An act to create the parish of Nicholls, and to provide for the organization thereof." ^[12] The title was later changed to read: "An act to create the parish of Acadia." Father Joseph Anthonioz, the first pastor of the Catholic Church at Rayne, is credited with having suggested the name, Acadia Parish. The bill passed the house on June 11, the senate on June 28, and was approved by Governor Samuel D. McEnery on June 30. ^[13] On October 6, an election was held to affirm the creation of the parish, with 2,516 votes for and 1,521 votes against the creation.

St. Landry was divided again when the northwestern portion was broken away. In June 1908, a bill was passed to create a new parish out of a portion of St. Landry Parish. This new parish became named Evangeline Parish in 1910. Prior to creation of the new parish, Eunice and Ville Platte were in competition for the new parish seat. Ville Platte was selected by voters on April 12, 1909. After the election, Eunice declared it would remain in St. Landry Parish. ^[14]

Opelousas massacre

In the aftermath of the ratification of Louisiana's Constitution of 1868 and the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, tensions between white Democrats and Black Republicans in St. Landry Parish escalated throughout the summer of 1868. On September 28, white schoolteacher and Republican newspaper editor Emerson Bentley was attacked and beaten by three white supremacists while teaching a classroom of Black children in Opelousas, Louisiana. Rumors of Bentley's death, while unfounded, led both Black Republicans and white supremacist Democrats, including the St. Landry Parish chapter of the Knights of the White Camelia, to threaten violent retribution. In the days following Bentley's subsequent covert flight to New Orleans, the massacre began. Heavily outnumbered, Black citizens were chased, captured, shot, murdered, and lynched during the following weeks. While estimates of casualties vary widely, several sources number the deaths between 200 and 300 black people and several dozen whites, making it the bloodiest massacres of the Reconstruction Era and among the deadliest in American history. Following the massacre, the Republican Party in St. Landry Parish was eliminated for several years. ^[15]

2019 black church fires

During 10 days, three black churches, the St. Mary Baptist Church over 100 years old (26 March 2019), Greater Union Baptist Church (2 April 2019), and Mount Pleasant Baptist Church (4 April 2019) set on fire by a vandal and this incident raised officials concern that the fires started by racist and radical group or person. Finally, police arrested the vandal who was the son of a St. Landry Parish sheriff's deputy. Holden Matthews, 21, has been charged with the arson attack on black churches. ^{[16] [17] [18]}

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the parish has a total area of 939 square miles (2,430 km²), of which 924 square miles (2,390 km²) is land and 15 square miles (39 km²) (0.6%) is water. ^[19]

Adjacent parishes

• Avoyelles Parish (north)
• Pointe Coupee Parish (east)
• St. Martin Parish (southeast)
• Lafayette Parish (south)
• Acadia Parish (southwest)
• Evangeline Parish (west and northwest)

National protected areas

• Atchafalaya National Wildlife Refuge (part)
• Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve (part, in Eunice)

Major highways

• Interstate 49
• U.S. Highway 71
• U.S. Highway 167
• U.S. Highway 190
• Louisiana Highway 10
• Louisiana Highway 13
• Louisiana Highway 29
• Louisiana Highway 31
• Louisiana Highway 35
• Louisiana Highway 91
• Louisiana Highway 93
• Louisiana Highway 103
• Louisiana Highway 182

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1830	12,591		—
1840	15,233		21.0%
1850	22,253		46.1%
1860	23,104		3.8%
1870	25,553		10.6%
1880	40,004		56.6%
1890	40,250		0.6%
1900	52,906		31.4%
1910	66,661		26.0%
1920	51,697		−22.4%
1930	60,074		16.2%
1940	71,481		19.0%
1950	78,476		9.8%
1960	81,493		3.8%
1970	80,364		−1.4%
1980	84,128		4.7%
1990	80,331		−4.5%
2000	87,700		9.2%
2010	83,384		−4.9%
2020	82,540		−1.0%
U.S. Decennial Census [20] 1790-1960 [21] 1900-1990 [22] 1990-2000 [23] 2010 [24]

St. Landry Parish racial composition as of 2020 ^[25]

Race	Number	Percentage
White (non-Hispanic)	43,225	52.37%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic)	34,218	41.46%
Native American	153	0.19%
Asian	374	0.45%
Pacific Islander	12	0.01%
Other/Mixed	2,380	2.88%
Hispanic or Latino	2,178	2.64%

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 82,540 people, 30,441 households, and 20,790 families residing in the parish.

Law enforcement

St. Landry Parish Sheriff's Office
Abbreviation	SLPSO
Jurisdictional structure
Operations jurisdiction	United States
General nature	Local civilian police
Operational structure
Headquarters	Opelousas, Louisiana
Agency executive	Bobby J. Guidroz, Sheriff
Facilities
Substations	5
Website
http://www.slpsheriff.com/

The St. Landry Parish Sheriff's Office (SLPSO) is the primary law enforcement agency of St. Landry Parish. It falls under the authority of the Sheriff, who is the chief law enforcement officer of the parish. As of 2022 ^[update] the sheriff of St. Landry Parish is Bobby J. Guidroz. ^[26]

The office briefly became the subject of national attention in 2015 when its eccentric Crime Stoppers videos, starring public relations officer (later U.S. Representative) Clay Higgins, went viral and were featured on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon . ^[27] Higgins left the department after the videos attracted criticism from the ACLU and Sheriff Guidroz ordered that future videos be "toned down". ^{[28] [29]}

Politics

United States presidential election results for St. Landry Parish, Louisiana ^[30]

Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2020	23,171	56.30%	17,372	42.21%	611	1.48%
2016	21,971	54.96%	17,209	43.05%	797	1.99%
2012	21,475	51.56%	19,668	47.23%	504	1.21%
2008	21,650	50.95%	20,268	47.70%	575	1.35%
2004	18,315	49.82%	18,166	49.42%	279	0.76%
2000	15,449	45.24%	18,067	52.90%	635	1.86%
1996	12,273	34.62%	20,636	58.21%	2,544	7.18%
1992	11,882	32.27%	20,383	55.37%	4,550	12.36%
1988	15,790	44.53%	19,091	53.84%	576	1.62%
1984	19,055	51.19%	17,950	48.22%	218	0.59%
1980	14,940	45.72%	17,125	52.41%	613	1.88%
1976	9,956	37.94%	15,613	59.49%	674	2.57%
1972	12,510	57.01%	7,421	33.82%	2,014	9.18%
1968	3,508	13.90%	9,075	35.95%	12,659	50.15%
1964	10,920	48.05%	11,807	51.95%	0	0.00%
1960	3,083	15.22%	14,625	72.18%	2,554	12.60%
1956	5,141	51.56%	4,435	44.48%	394	3.95%
1952	5,303	52.69%	4,761	47.31%	0	0.00%
1948	829	10.70%	1,179	15.22%	5,739	74.08%
1944	784	15.06%	4,423	84.94%	0	0.00%
1940	561	8.11%	6,358	91.89%	0	0.00%
1936	441	7.25%	5,639	92.75%	0	0.00%
1932	297	7.31%	3,766	92.69%	0	0.00%
1928	718	17.46%	3,394	82.54%	0	0.00%
1924	357	20.86%	1,354	79.14%	0	0.00%
1920	942	48.09%	1,017	51.91%	0	0.00%
1916	117	31.03%	139	36.87%	121	32.10%
1912	101	8.31%	938	77.20%	176	14.49%

Education

St. Landry Parish is served by the St. Landry Parish School Board

Main article: St. Landry Parish School Board

• Arnaudville Elementary (Grades 5–8)
• Beau Chene High School (Grades 9–12) (unincorporated Arnaudville)
• Cankton Elementary (Grades PK-4) (Cankton)
• Central Middle School (Grades 5–6)
• East Elementary (Grades PK-4)
• Eunice Elementary (Grades PK-4)
• Eunice High School (Grades 9–12)
• Eunice Jr. High School (Grades 7–8)
• Glendale Elementary (Grades PK-4)
• Grand Coteau Elementary (Grades PK-4) (Grand Coteau)
• Grand Prairie Elementary (Grades PK-4) (unincorporated Washington)
• Grolee Elementary (Grades PK-4)
• Highland Elementary (Grades PK-4)
• Krotz Springs Elementary (Grades PK-8)
• Lawtell Elementary (Grades PK-8) (Lawtell)
• Leonville Elementary (Grades PK-8)
• North Central High School (Grades 9–12) (unincorporated Washington)
• Northeast Elementary (Grades PK-6)
• Northwest High School (Grades 9–12) (unincorporated Opelousas)
• Opelousas Jr. High School (Grades 7–8)
• Opelousas Sr. High School (Grades 9–12)
• Palmetto Elementary (Grades PK-4) (Palmetto)
• Park Vista Elementary (Grades PK-6)
• Plaisance Elementary (Grades 5–8) (unincorporated Opelousas)
• Port Barre Elementary (Grades PK-4)
• Port Barre High School (Grades 5–12)
• South Street Elementary (Grades PK-6)
• Sunset Elementary (Grades 5–8)
• Washington Elementary (Grades PK-8)

St. Landry Parish is also served by the Diocese of Lafayette with five schools:

• Academy of the Sacred Heart (Grades PK-12) (Grand Coteau)
• Berchman's Academy of the Sacred Heart (Grades PK-12) (Grand Coteau)
• Opelousas Catholic School (Grades PK-12) (Opelousas)
• St. Edmunds Catholic School (Grades PK-12) (Eunice)
• St. Ignatius Catholic School (Grades PK-8) (Grand Coteau)

Additionally, St. Landry Parish is served by four unaffiliated private schools:

• Good Shephard Montessori School (Grades PK-8) (Port Barre)
• Melville Private School (Grades PK-7) (Melville)
• Opelousas Family Worship School (Grades PK-12) (Opelousas)
• Westminster Christian Academy (Grades PK-12)

St. Landry Parish is served by two institutions of higher education:

• Louisiana State University at Eunice
• South Louisiana Community College service area, ^[31] T. H. Harris Campus (Opelousas)

Communities

Map of St. Landry Parish, Louisiana With Municipal Labels

Cities

• Eunice
• Opelousas (parish seat and largest municipality)

Towns

• Arnaudville
• Grand Coteau
• Krotz Springs
• Leonville
• Melville
• Port Barre
• Sunset
• Washington

Villages

• Cankton
• Palmetto

Unincorporated areas

Census-designated place

• Lawtell

Other unincorporated communities

• LeBeau
• Lemoyen
• Morrow
• Plaisance

Notable people

• Lottie Beebe
• Rod Bernard
• Carl A. Brasseaux
• Gerald Boudreaux
• Lonnie Brooks
• Tony Chachere
• Clifton Chenier
• Cat Doucet
• Gilbert L. Dupré
• E. D. Estilette
• Gordon (slave)
• Curtis J. Guillory
• Elbert Guillory
• Clay Higgins
• Rodney Milburn
• Paul Prudhomme
• Devery Henderson

See also

• United States portal

• National Register of Historic Places listings in St. Landry Parish, Louisiana
• Louisiana black church fires

References

1. "Census - Geography Profile: St. Landry Parish, Louisiana". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved January 22, 2023.
2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
3. "St. Landry Parish". Center for Cultural and Eco-Tourism. Retrieved September 6, 2014.
4. Hartley, Carola (2003). "Imperial St. Landry Parish". LAGenWeb. Archived from the original on September 21, 2007. Retrieved March 21, 2007.
5. Harper, John, N. (2018). Mississippi Valley Mélange: A Collection of Notes and Documents for the Genealogy and History of the Province of Louisiana and the Territory of Orleans (1st ed.). Baton Rouge: Provincial Press. pp. 12–16. ISBN   1-59804-201-7.
6. Harper, John, N. (1993). The Mother Church of Acadiana: The History of the St. Landry Catholic Church in Opelousas, Louisiana (1st ed.). Rayne, LA: Hébert Publications. pp. 5–9, 18–19.
7. Harper, John N. (November 3, 2013). ""Who was Saint Landry?"". The (Opelousas) Daily World. pp. 13–14. Retrieved May 5, 2023.
8. "History of Opelousas | City of Opelousas: Perfectly Seasoned". www.cityofopelousas.com. Retrieved March 9, 2018.
9. Central Acadiana Gateway: Opelousas and St. Landry Parish, LSUE Office of Public Relations, 2000 Archived 2007-04-01 at the Wayback Machine , accessed 27 April 2008
10. "Opelousas and St. Landry Parish". Louisiana State University - Eunice. Archived from the original on April 1, 2007. Retrieved March 19, 2007.
11. "Opelousas Facts and History". City of Opelousas. Archived from the original on July 5, 2007. Retrieved March 19, 2007.
12. "Official Journal of the Proceedings of the House of Representatives of the State of Louisiana". 1886.
13. Fontenot, Mary.Acadia Parish, Louisiana. The Center for Louisiana Studies, 1976, p. 244.
14. "Evangeline Parish History" (PDF). www.lacollege.edu. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 10, 2016.
15. Boissoneault, Lorraine (September 28, 2018). "The Deadliest Massacre in Reconstruction-Era Louisiana Happened 150 Years Ago". Smithsonian Magazine. Archived from the original on September 30, 2021. Retrieved September 30, 2021.
16. Ingber, Sasha (April 11, 2019). "'Evil Acts': Son Of Sheriff's Deputy Is Chief Suspect In Louisiana Church Arson Cases". National Public Radio. Retrieved April 11, 2019.
17. Blinder, Alan; Fausset, Richard; Eligon, John (April 11, 2019). "A Charred Gas Can, a Receipt and an Arrest in Fires of 3 Black Churches". New York Times .
18. McLaughlin, Eliott C. "Prosecutor adds hate crimes to charges against Louisiana church fire suspect". CNN. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
19. "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on September 28, 2013. Retrieved September 1, 2014.
20. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 1, 2014.
21. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved September 1, 2014.
22. "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 1, 2014.
23. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved September 1, 2014.
24. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 18, 2013.
25. "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
26. "Information about Sheriff Bobby J. Guidroz, St. Landry Parish". St. Landry Parish Sheriff's Office. Sheriff Guidroz is a 1994 graduate of the F.B. I. National Academy. Retrieved September 29, 2012.
27. Stickney, Ken (December 16, 2016). "Higgins carves unlikely path to Capitol". The Daily Advertiser.
28. gunn, billy. "ACLU blasts St. Landry's law and order sheriff's captain over comments on latest viral video". The Advocate. Retrieved October 19, 2022.
29. "Higgins Leaves St. Landry Parish Sheriff's Office". acadiaparishtoday.com. February 29, 2016. Retrieved October 18, 2022.
30. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved March 9, 2018.
31. "Our Colleges". Louisiana's Technical and Community Colleges . Retrieved June 3, 2021.

References

• Nezat, Jack Claude (2007). The Nezat and Allied Families 1630-2007 (Paperback ed.). Lulu. ISBN   978-2-9528339-2-9., ISBN   978-0-615-15001-7.^{[ self-published source? ]}
  • Nezat, Jack Claude (March 24, 2021). The Nezat and Allied Families 1630-2020 (Kindle ed.). Lulu. ISBN   9798727857359.^{[ self-published source? ]}
  • The author is one of the descendants of "Alexandre of Attakapas", Nezat Alexandre, born 1781 in Attakapas Post and died 1824 (Source Hebert).

External links

• Official Web Site of St. Landry Parish Government
• Website for St. Landry Catholic Church Parish
• St. Landry Parish Sheriff's Office
• St. Landry Parish Tourist Commission

Geology

• Heinrich, P. V., and W. J. Autin, 2000, Baton Rouge 30 x 60 minute geologic quadrangle. Louisiana Geological Survey, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
• Heinrich, P. V., J. Snead, and R. P. McCulloh, 2003, Crowley 30 x 60 minute geologic quadrangle. Louisiana Geological Survey, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
• Snead, J., P. V. Heinrich, and R. P. McCulloh, 2002, Ville Platte 30 x 60 minute geologic quadrangle. Louisiana Geological Survey, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

30°36′N92°00′W / 30.60°N 92.00°W / 30.60; -92.00