Schock resigned from Congress in March 2015 amid a scandal involving his use of public and campaign funds. A subsequent congressional ethics investigation revealed that he used taxpayer money to fund "lavish" trips and events.[3] In November 2016,a federal grand jury indicted him in connection with the scandal. After he pled not guilty,prosecutors reached a deferred prosecution agreement with him in March 2019 whereby all charges were dropped in return for a period of good behavior and payment of $100,000 in restitution.[4] As part of the deal,Schock's campaign committee,Schock for Congress,also pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor count of failing to properly report expenses.[4]
Despite having a voting record of consistently opposing LGBTQ rights,[5] Schock came out as gay in March 2020 and expressed regret for some of his previous policy decisions.[6]
Early life,education and career
Schock was born in Morris,Minnesota,[1] the youngest of the four children[7] of Janice Marie (née Joos),[8] a homemaker,and Richard Schock,a family practice physician and former school board member.[9][10][11] During his early years,the family lived on a rural farm site where the children were given the responsibility of tending a three-acre patch of strawberries and selling the fruit.[12] When he was in fourth grade,his family moved to Peoria,Illinois. In 1995,he was elected to the executive board of the Illinois Association of Junior High Student Councils.[13]
Schock attended Richwoods High School.[12] By his junior year of high school,he had completed nearly all of his graduation requirements,and had few course options available because the school district had recently discontinued most of the Advanced Placement and other advanced courses due to budget cuts.[14][15] School district policy did not allow him to graduate early,and the board members refused his requests to change the policy.[12][14] He began attending classes at Illinois Central College in East Peoria,earning dual credits toward high school and college graduation.[15] He graduated from high school in 2000.[12]
Schock decided to run for the Peoria Board of Education a few months after graduating from high school because he felt the board needed a more diverse and youthful perspective.[12][14][1] After he did not get on the ballot because he did not have the required number of valid signatures on his petition to run for office,[18] he organized a successful write-in campaign,[19] using more than 200 volunteers who visited more than 13,000 households.[14] He defeated the incumbent with 57% of the vote;[20] at age 19,he was the youngest person serving on a school board in Illinois.[21][22]
On July 2,2003,his fellow board members elected him vice president of the board,on a vote of 4–3.[23] On July 2,2004,his fellow board members unanimously elected him school board president,making him,at 23,the youngest school board president in Illinois history.[21][24]
Illinois legislature
At the age of 23,Schock ran for a seat in the Illinois House of Representatives. In the November 2004 general election,he defeated four-term incumbent DemocratRicca Slone,by just 235 votes out of 40,000 ballots cast,and became the youngest member of the Illinois General Assembly in state history.[7][16][21] Five months after taking the office,he resigned from the school board to focus on his job as a state legislator.[21]
When Schock ran for reelection in 2006,he defeated Democrat Bill Spears,winning 58 percent of the total vote. He received more than 40 percent of the African-American vote in his district,despite his opposition to race-based affirmative action.[7] During his four years in the state legislature,Schock served on two appropriations committees that were typically reserved for more senior lawmakers,as well as the Financial Institutions,Environment &Energy and Veteran's Affairs committees.[25][26]
Schock was the chief sponsor of 38 bills,of which 13 became law.[27] The bills dealt with education,child protection,prescription drug savings,veterans' assistance,road construction and high-tech identity theft.[27] Another bill,co-sponsored with Democrat Dave Koehler,expanded the taxation area for the Peoria Airport.[28]
During his time in the state legislature,Schock was involved with Youth for a Cause,Peoria Mayor's Vision 2020,the Peoria Chamber of Commerce,Heart of Illinois Kids Count,St. Jude Telethon V.I.P. and medical mission trips to Mexico and Jamaica.[25]
During his second term as state representative,Schock worked as director of development and construction for Petersen Companies of Peoria,[29]the real estate development arm of a senior citizen health care provider.[citation needed]
U.S. House of Representatives
Schock visiting the Illinois River with Bob Walters,mayor of Beardstown,Illinois,in 2009
In his speech announcing his candidacy for Illinois's 18th congressional district, to succeed retiring incumbent Republican congressman Ray LaHood, Schock said, "If China continues to be irresponsible about nuclear proliferation in Iran, we should tell them that ... we will sell Pershing nuclear missiles to Taiwan for their defense. Nonproliferation will either be enforced universally or not at all – it is their choice. The Chinese will come around, I have no doubt."[30] His campaign manager described the policy as "well thought out" and Schock first defended the remarks, but Schock later said it was "more in jest" and that he had made a mistake.[31][32]
Schock easily won the Republican primary in February 2008, with 72% of the vote,[21] beating his opponents Jim McConoughey (16%) and John Morris (12%).[33]
Schock visiting students at Whittier Elementary School in Peoria, Illinois
Schock drew mixed reaction in late July 2008 when he brought President George W. Bush to Peoria to raise money for his congressional campaign. The city of Peoria provided 38 police officers, 30 city trucks for temporary security barriers, and a number of firefighters, spending $38,252 to facilitate the visit, even though it was a private, paid-admission fundraiser. When requests to compensate the city increased, Schock called it "obviously a political move" and compared the issue to Barack Obama's endorsement of another state senator on the courthouse steps a few years before, for which the city did not request compensation.[34] A city councilman cited an ordinance against political activity by the city, but the mayor of Peoria, Jim Ardis, called the requests "political rhetoric" and said the ordinance did not apply, and that the city did not have a policy addressing a situation where a sitting president visits. Schock later said he would reimburse the city voluntarily, referring to payment for presidential protection as "unprecedented", and saying he believed his campaign was the first in the state and possibly the nation to repay a city for protective services provided to a president.[35]
Prior to the general election, Schock was endorsed by 116 mayors across the district and the Illinois Farm Bureau. Schock's hometown newspaper, the Journal Star, endorsed Schock "on the basis of his potential."[37]
In October 2008, Schock's father testified in a federal court that his son had notarized documents with false dates (a Class A misdemeanor under the Illinois Notary Public Act) while helping his parents establish tax shelters.[38]
Schock won the 2008 general election with 59% of the vote, defeating Democratic candidate Colleen Callahan and Green Party candidate Sheldon Schafer.[21][39] He was only the fifth person to serve the district since 1933. Upon taking his seat in Congress, at the age of 27, he became the youngest member of Congress, supplanting 33-year-old Patrick McHenry of North Carolina,[40] and the first member of Congress born in the 1980s.[41]
In November 2010, Schock was challenged by Democrat D. K. Hirner, the Executive Director of the Illinois Environmental Regulatory Group and the Green Party nominee Sheldon Schafer. The Journal Star again endorsed Schock, writing, "Schock is a more self-assured, well-rounded candidate than he was two years ago." The endorsement noted that Schock had voted with President Barack Obama more than a third of the time, breaking with GOP leaders on multiple issues, from his support for renewable energy to taming predatory lenders to FDA regulation of tobacco.[43] Schock won with 59% of the vote.
For 2012, it appeared that Schock would face Darrel Miller in the Republican primary, but Miller was removed from the ballot in February 2012 due to problems with his petition signatures.[44] In the general election, Schock faced Democrat Steve Waterworth.[45] Redistricting made Schock's district much safer. Most of the more Democratic portions of Peoria were cut out, replaced with Republican-leaning Quincy and Bloomington.[46] On paper, the new 18th was now the second-most Republican district in Illinois; had the district existed in 2008, John McCain would have carried it with 60.7 percent of the vote.[47] By comparison, McCain had carried the old 18th with just over 50 percent of the vote.
In April 2012, watchdog groups filed a complaint with the Federal Election Commission, claiming that Schock violated federal campaign rules when he solicited a $25,000 donation from House Majority Leader Eric Cantor for use in a Republican primary. Schock's campaign stated that it believed the FEC would dismiss the complaint after review.[48] In December 2012, the House Committee on Ethics confirmed that the same matter had been referred to it by the Office of Congressional Ethics.[49] In February 2013, the Office of Congressional Ethics' report was publicly released, which stated there was "substantial reason to believe that Rep. Schock violated federal law, House rules and standards of conduct." At the time of the release, Schock's communications director released a statement saying: "The release by the Ethics Committee of this report from the Office of Congressional Ethics (OCE) is just one more step in the long process of adjudicating ethics complaints that can be submitted by anyone for any reason. We remain firmly convinced that Congressman Schock will be exonerated when the Ethics Committee examines the complaint and in due course resolves this matter."[50]
Questions have also been raised about a real estate transaction that occurred the month before the 2012 elections. Schock sold his Peoria home to a major Republican donor, who was also one of his campaign supporters, for a price that appeared to far exceed its then market value,[51] and reported as three times its worth. This led to another ethics complaint being filed against Schock by the group Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington.[52]
Schock was endorsed by the editorial board of The State Journal-Register, who wrote that Schock "has grown in his two terms in the House, building expertise on budget, trade, transportation and agriculture issues and reaching across the aisle at times to build a solid record."[53] Schock was also endorsed by the Journal Star and the Chicago Tribune.[54][55]
Schock defeated Waterworth to win reelection in 2012, winning 74% of the vote.[56]
After the 2012 election, there was speculation about Schock's ambitions for higher political office, including a Roll Call article noting that Schock's new district in central Illinois had been drawn, during redistricting after the 2010 census, to be very safe, leading to suggestions that Democrats were trying to keep him happy in the House and away from any statewide bid. An Illinois Republican was quoted as saying, "I think he would be the top candidate on the Republican side if Dick Durbin retired or if he wanted to run for governor. His ability to fundraise and be popular with conservatives without coming across as an ideologue would suit him well if he chooses to run."[57] In November 2012, it was reported that Schock had met with officials at the Republican Governors Association to explore the possibility of running for Governor of Illinois in 2014.[58] However, in April 2013, Schock announced that he would not be running for governor, and would instead be seeking election to a fourth term in Congress.[59]
Schock won the November 2014 general election with 75% of the vote, defeating Democrat Darrel Miller.
Legislation
Two weeks after taking office in 2009, Schock proposed an amendment, which passed, to the Troubled Asset Relief Program Accountability Act, to create a searchable website so Americans could see where bailout funds were being spent. The act's sponsor, Democrat Barney Frank, said "this is a very thoughtful amendment and it will greatly enhance things."[60]
During his first year in Congress, Schock sponsored more passed legislation than any other Republican freshman. In 2010 he secured $40.7 million in funding for Illinois.[62]
Schock and Rep. William R. Keating jointly introduced the Equitable Access to Care and Health Act on April 29, 2013.[66] The bill would amend the Internal Revenue Code, with respect to minimum essential health care coverage requirements added by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, to allow an additional religious exemption from such requirements for individuals whose sincerely held religious beliefs would cause them to object to medical health care provided under such coverage.[66] Individuals could file an affidavit to get this exemption, but would lose the exemption if they went on to later use healthcare.[67] Schock and Keating wrote a letter in support of their bill saying, "we believe the EACH Act balances a respect for religious diversity against the need to prevent fraud and abuse."[67]
In December 2013, Schock was selected by House Speaker John Boehner to lead the congressional delegation to the funeral of Nelson Mandela. Schock was the only current Republican House of Representatives member in the delegation and only other seated Republican Congressman other than Texas Senator Ted Cruz.[68]
In their 2010 endorsement of Schock, the Journal Star wrote, "We've not always seen eye to eye with Schock, but he has been far more influential than your average freshman. He's a hard worker, a rising star in the Republican Party...We have long valued independence in our congressmen; Aaron Schock is a conservative, but he also has a mind of his own, and he is endorsed."[43]
Schock voted against the $787 billion stimulus plan in February 2009.[61] He also voted against the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in 2010.[76] He has advocated for tort reform and interstate health insurance competition as ways to reduce health care costs.[77]
Schock has introduced legislation that would create the Federal Program Sunset Commission Error in Webarchive template: Empty url. (H.R. 606). His proposed legislation would create a bipartisan commission made up of former members of Congress and outside experts to abolish federal programs that are found to be unnecessary or under-performing.
During the debate on the short-term continuing resolution that passed the House on February 19, 2011, Schock was successful in banning further funding for the creation of stimulus signs that highlight stimulus-related projects around the country. In July 2010, Schock's bill was selected as a winning proposal in a public outreach effort designed by House Republicans to highlight proposals aimed at reducing government spending.[78]
In February 2011, Schock was one of 23 Republicans who voted against an amendment that proposed cutting funding to the National Endowment for the Arts.[79]
In 2011, Schock and Delaware Democrat John Carney co-sponsored a bill that would use U.S. oil exploration to help fund a five-year federal highway construction project. The bill had not been voted on as of April 2012.[80][81]
In September 2011, Schock and Iowa Democrat Leonard Boswell introduced the Help Veterans Own Franchises Act, which would allow tax credits for the establishment of franchises owned by veterans. As of April 2012, the bill was in committee.[83]
Energy and environment
In 2009, Schock voted to secure $23 million for restoration and conservation of the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers.[84]
In April 2010, Biofuels Digest named Schock as #8 in the top ten groups of individuals that "make it happen for renewables, bioenergy in DC."[85] Schock, who says energy is the issue that people most want to talk about, supports eliminating federal taxes on the production of renewable energy.[86]
In March 2011, Schock signed on as a co-sponsor to a proposal by Republican Congressman Devin Nunes of California called "A Roadmap for America's Energy Future" (H.R. 909), a comprehensive plan focusing on policies that promote the production of a broad range of domestic energy supplies including traditional resources as well as renewable and alternative energy sources.
Foreign policy
Schock has been an opponent of using federal funds for the transfer of detainees from the Guantanamo Bay detention camp to elsewhere in the US.[87] In January 2011, Schock introduced legislation with Senator Mark Kirk to deny federal funds for the transfer of detainees to the United States. Similarly, he has fought to require military tribunals, as opposed to civilian courts, for detainee trials.
On December 15, 2009, during a discussion on Hardball with Chris Matthews, Schock stated "I don't believe we should – we should limit water-boarding or, quite frankly, any other alternative torture technique if it means saving Americans' lives" in a "ticking time bomb" scenario or other critical situation. He added that he didn't believe such techniques "should be standard practice."[91]
Schock also voted against the Employment Discrimination Law Amendment H.R. 11 and H.R. 12, which were passed in January 2009.[95]
Schock voted for House Amendment 1416, which Prohibits Use of Funds in Contravention of the Defense of Marriage Act, adopted 247 to 166 in the House July 19, 2012.[96]
Schock voted against the DREAM Act.[99] However, TheHill.com reported that Schock was "slammed" for calling illegal immigrants "undocumented citizens" and for showing support for a legalization program at a town hall event.[100][101]
Schock voted to repeal the Affordable Care Act. After this was done for the 56th time in 2015 without any replacement, the Peoria Journal Star stated: "The Affordable Care Act has its flaws, but its congressional detractors, Schock among them, have made it darn hard to conclude they are serious about governing."[102]
Taxes
Schock, along with Florida Senator Marco Rubio, introduced a bill in 2013 known as the Higher Education and Skills Obtainment Act. The bill would narrow the eligibility for people to use certain tax credits related to higher education. To do so, the legislation would take away eligibility for those tax credits from people who aren't students or who "did not attend an eligible institution", according to Ripon Advance.[103]
During his first term, Schock requested and was given three committee assignments.[105] In addition, he was appointed by Minority WhipEric Cantor to be a deputy minority whip.[105][106] He served as Ranking Member of the Subcommittee on Contracting and Technology of the Small Business Committee. Soon after being sworn in to serve his first term, he joined the Republican Study Committee, "a home for deficit hawks", according to the Los Angeles Times.[105] As of April 2012, he is no longer a member of the Republican Study Committee.[73] Schock was a member of the Republican Main Street Partnership, a group of moderate Republicans who advocate reducing the deficit, cutting taxes, and focusing on education and environmental issues.[107]
At the beginning of his second term in 2011, Schock was appointed to the Ways and Means Committee.[106] On the committee he served on the Subcommittee on Trade, Subcommittee on Social Security and Subcommittee on Oversight. The Subcommittee on Trade has oversight over reciprocal trade agreements including multilateral and bilateral trade negotiations and implementation of agreements involving tariff and non-tariff trade barriers.
Misappropriation of funds charges
Resignation
In February 2015, The Washington Post reported that Schock's congressional offices had been lavishly redecorated in a style inspired by the aristocratic homes in the television show Downton Abbey.[108][109][110] In response to that story, the watchdog group Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW) filed a complaint alleging Schock could have received an improper gift. CREW's executive director, Anne Weismann, stated, "Again and again, Rep. Schock's seeming obsession with his image impedes his ability to conduct himself in [an] ethical manner."[111] Schock dismissed the criticism with the statement "Haters gonna hate", which was in turn criticized for its apparent flippancy.[112][113] Schock later stated he intended to pay the decorator.[114] Another investigation had discovered he had spent campaign money on workout DVDs.[111]
Further media scrutiny of congressional expenditure reports showed that Schock had spent over $100,000 in government funds on office decorating and renovations between January 2009 and late 2014, mostly during his first term.[115] In 2015, news company Politico reported Schock had charged thousands of dollars for private flights, legal expenses, new cars, tickets to the Super Bowl and Country Music Awards,[116][117] as well as cufflinks, massage, "gold equipment" and cigars[118] to his government-funded office account. The Associated Press accessed the location metadata on Schock's Instagram photos and correlated it with private flight records to identify flights that did not correspond to his campaign finance disclosures.[119] In response, Schock's office stated it had begun an internal review of the reimbursements.[117]
In March 2015 there were further reports of spending and disclosure irregularities,[120][121] including that Schock had accepted money from an outside group, the Global Poverty Project, to cover the cost of bringing a photographer on an all-expenses-paid trip to India organized to discuss sanitation and access to clean water.[122][123] The Associated Press also reported that much of Schock's personal wealth had been built with the assistance of political donors.[124][125] Conservative commentators began calling for Schock's replacement.[126][127]National Review called him "a crook" and stated: "Politics shouldn't be a ticket to a celebrity lifestyle on the public's dime. For a man who has enjoyed such a short and undistinguished career, Illinois's Representative Aaron Schock (R) has sure packed in a lot of corruption."[128]
On March 16, Politico reported that Schock had requested the federal government and his campaign reimburse him for a total of 170,000 miles that were driven on his personal car, a Chevrolet Tahoe, between January 2010 and July 2014. But when he transferred that car back to the dealer in July 2014, he signed documents saying it had only been driven 80,000 miles.[129] A subsequent investigation by the Chicago Sun-Times of reimbursements on Schock's previous vehicle, a GMC Envoy, revealed a similar discrepancy. He bought the Envoy in 2007 while still in the state house. The Envoy had 24,300 miles on its odometer when he bought it. When he sold it in 2009, he'd put an additional 53,100 miles on it in a little over two years. However, during 2009 he billed the federal government and his campaign for a total of 42,300 miles.[130]
On March 17, 2015, Schock announced his resignation from Congress, effective March 31, 2015.[131] The resignation came less than 12 hours after the Politico report about the questionable reimbursements went online. On the day he announced his resignation, his spokesman said that Schock had refunded all reimbursements he had received for mileage on his car.[129] By resigning, he avoided an impending congressional ethics inquiry. On March 20, the Chicago Tribune reported that federal investigators had opened a "preliminary investigation" into the activities of Schock.[132] In October 2016, Schock agreed to pay a $10,000 civil penalty to the Federal Election Commission for having asked Rep. Eric Cantor to contribute $25,000 to pay for advertisements for Rep. Adam Kinzinger.[133]
Schock pleaded not guilty to all charges when arraigned on December 12, 2016.[135] A trial date was set for July 11, 2017.[136] In March 2017, Schock's attorneys, led by George J. Terwilliger III of McGuire Woods, filed public documents criticizing activities of an FBI confidential informant, a former Schock staffer enlisted after Schock's indictment.[137][138] On May 19, 2017, Judge Colin S. Bruce set a new trial date for January 22, 2018, but the trial was delayed again in November 2017.[139][140] On October 23, 2017, Judge Bruce dismissed two of the 24 counts against Schock, but denied Schock's motion to dismiss the entire indictment.[141] On May 30, 2018, the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the district court's denial of Schock's motion to dismiss the entire indictment and dismissed his appeal.[142][143]
On June 26, 2018, Assistant U.S. Attorney Timothy Bass was removed from the Schock case after being accused of lying to the jury about Schock being subpoenaed to testify when he wasn't,[144] and that was followed, in mid-August 2018, by Judge Bruce being bumped from all of his criminal cases for commenting in emails about an unrelated trial he was overseeing, thus causing the U.S. Department of Justice to transfer the case to Judge Matthew Kennelly who, on August 30, 2018, was informed by U.S. Attorney for the Central District of Illinois John Childress that the Justice Department was replacing the prosecutors overseeing the Schock case, that were not named, other than Childress noting that the new prosecution team would be from outside of the Central District of Illinois.[145][146][147]
In March 2019, prosecutors reached an agreement with Schock suspending the case for six months and requiring him to be under court supervision. If he stayed out of legal troubles all charges against him would be dropped in six months in exchange for him paying $42,000 to the IRS and $68,000 to his congressional campaign fund.[4][148] As part of the deal, Schock's campaign committee, Schock for Congress, pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor count of failing to properly report expenses.[4] The six months probationary period ended in September 2019, and all charges against Schock were dropped.[149]
Media coverage
According to The New York Times, Schock has "cultivated an image that is more about lifestyle and less about lawmaking."[51] Schock was selected "hottest freshman" congressman in a February 2009 reader poll on The Huffington Post.[150] Schock had been frequently targeted by TMZ.com reporters since his arrival in Washington.[151][152] Schock told CNN's Reliable Sources that such soft media coverage could increase voters' interest in politics. "People who watch TMZ or different mediums don't expect to see their congressman on such a show", he said. "To see their hometown congressman on a show like this kind of raises their interest and gets them a little excited."[153]
In 2009, Schock appeared on The Colbert Report, during which the host, Stephen Colbert– making fun of the TMZ reports – "grilled" Schock about his "six-pack abs".[154] Schock went on to appear on the cover of the June 2011 issue of Men's Health, which one commentator decried as evidence of "a narcissism that never rests".[112] Schock appeared on Season 7 (2010) of Top Chef, a competition reality-television program, as a guest judge.[155]
In 2012, Schock told Roll Call that "I'm a big believer if you want to change people's minds or get someone to vote for you, either a voter or a colleague, you've got to first get their attention. If people don't know who you are, they're not going to listen to your message. And not everybody pays attention to politicians by watching Fox News and CNN."[57] In May 2013, Schock was nominated for and included in a Time magazine poll titled "Who's the Most Influential Millennial?"[156]
In January 2014, journalist Itay Hod made a post on his personal Facebook page accusing an unknown Republican congressman from Illinois of voting against gay rights, while showering with a man and visiting gay bars.[160][161][162][163]The New York Times stated that the post "might be described as the world's most obvious blind item", and media outlets considered the post to be an outing of Schock.[164][165][166]
In April 2019, Schock was photographed at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival with several gay men, and a video was publicized that showed Schock kissing and fondling another man at the same event.[167][168][169] In June 2019, a video was released showing Schock tipping a male go-go dancer at a gay bar in Zona Rosa, Mexico City.[170][171] In October 2019, Schock was seen and photographed at a dance party for gay men in Los Angeles.[172][173] Schock's actions drew condemnation from gay rights activists due to his past political stances and votes on gay issues.[178]
Schock came out as gay in an Instagram post on March 5, 2020, as well as in a statement posted on his website. In his statement, Schock expressed regret for some of his stances and attributed his voting record to his estrangement from his socially conservative family and struggles to come to terms with his sexual orientation. He furthermore claimed that if he were elected to Congress now he "would support LGBTQ rights in every way [he] could."[179][180]
Electoral history
Peoria Board of Education
General Election – April 3, 2001 – Board of Education, Peoria, Illinois – District 150[20]
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Eric Sorensen is an American meteorologist and politician serving as the U.S. representative from Illinois's 17th congressional district since 2023. His district covers a large swath of western and central Illinois, centered around Moline, Rock Island and the Illinois side of the Quad Cities. It also includes large slices of Peoria and Rockford. A member of the Democratic Party, Sorensen is the first openly gay member of Congress from Illinois.
↑ Minnesota Marriage Index, "Janice M Joos to Richard F Schock" 1971
↑ Plank, Tami (May 20, 2009). "Looking Back". Morris Sun Tribune. Archived from the original on December 24, 2015. Retrieved December 24, 2015. "Items taken from the Tribune, May 10, 1984...Voters will elect school board members throughout Minnesota on Tuesday, May 15. In the Morris-Donnelly district, the candidates are Lowell Roholff, Roy Larson, and incumbent Richard Felstul. Incumbents Harold Luthi and Dr. Richard Schock did not file.
↑ Johnson, Chris (March 5, 2020). "Aaron Schock comes out as gay". Washington Blade: Gay News, Politics, LGBT Rights. Archived from the original on March 5, 2020. Retrieved March 5, 2020.
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