2009 Honduran general election

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2009 Honduran general election
Flag of Honduras (1949-2022).svg
←  2005 29 November 2009 2013  →
Presidential election
Turnout49.88% (Decrease2.svg 5.20pp)
  Pepe Lobo 2010-01-27.jpg Elvin Santos.jpg
Nominee Porfirio Lobo Sosa Elvin Santos
Party National Liberal
Popular vote1,213,695817,524
Percentage56.56%38.10%
Mapa Electoral de Honduras 2009.svg
Mapa Electoral de Honduras por municipios 2009.svg
Lobo:     40–50%     50–60%     60–70%     70–80%     80–90%     >90%
Santos:     40–50%     50–60%     60–70%
President before election

Roberto Micheletti
Liberal

Elected President

Porfirio Lobo Sosa
National

Parliamentary election
All 128 seats in the National Congress
65 seats needed for a majority
PartyLeader%Seats+/–
National Ricardo Álvarez Arias 53.3771+26
Liberal Mauricio Villeda 30.7845−17
PINU Carlos Sosa Coello6.433+1
CD Lucas Evangelisto Aguilera4.885+1
UD Matías Funes 4.514−1
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
2009 Honduran Legislative Election.svg
Results of the congressional election
President of the Congress beforePresident of the Congress after
José Alfredo Saavedra
(acting)
Liberal 		Juan Orlando Hernández
National

General elections were held in Honduras on 29 November 2009, including presidential, parliamentary and local elections. [1] [2] Voters went to the polls to elect:

Contents

The possibility of having a "fourth ballot box" (Spanish: cuarta urna) at the 29 November election regarding the convocation of a National Constituent Assembly [3] constituted a major element of the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis.

Campaigning

Preceding the planned November elections, the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis (ouster of president Manuel Zelaya) occurred, bringing the legitimacy of the elections into doubt. [4] [5] [6] [7]

Campaigning by candidates took place for the three months prior to 29 November in the context of conflict between the de facto government, the de jure government, and resistance to the de facto government, mostly coordinated by the National Resistance Front.

Nearly one month of this campaign period was covered by the Micheletti de facto government Decree PCM-M-016-2009, signed on 22 September 2009 and rescinded on 19 October 2009. [8] The decree suspended five constitutional rights: personal liberty (Article 69), freedom of expression (Article 72), freedom of movement (Article 81), habeas corpus (Article 84) and freedom of association. [9]

Hundreds of candidates, including presidential candidate Carlos H. Reyes, renounced their candidacy citing scepticism that the same military that overthrew the elected president could be trusted to run a free and fair election five months later. [10]

Presidential candidates

The candidates of the two main political parties were former presidential candidate Porfirio Lobo Sosa of the National Party and former vice-president Elvin Santos of the Liberal Party. The trade unionist [11] Garifuna leader Bernard Martínez Valerio was the Innovation and Unity Party (PINU) candidate. [12] Martínez was the first black presidential candidate in the history of Honduras, according to PINU. [11] Another trade union leader, Carlos Humberto Reyes, one of the coordinators of the Frente Nacional de Resistencia Contra el Golpe de Estado en Honduras, was an independent candidate for the election [13] [14] but formally withdrew in order not to legitimise the coup d'état and what he and his supporters perceived would be fraudulent elections. [15] [16]

The table below shows all six continuing and withdrawn candidates, in the order published by the Supreme Electoral Tribunal. [17]

CandidateParty/Independent
Porfirio Lobo Sosa National Party
Bernard Martínez Innovation and Unity Party-Social-Democracy (PINU)
Felicito Ávila Christian Democrat Party (CD)
Elvin Santos Liberal Party
César Ham Democratic Unification Party (PUD)
Carlos H. Reyes Independent (withdrew 9 November on grounds of alleged election illegitimacy and fraud) [15] [16] [18]

Opinion polls

A pre-election poll conducted between 23 and 29 August 2009 by COIMER & OP showed a relative majority (41%) who would not declare a voting preference or would not vote in favour of any of the six candidates. [19] By mid-October this had dropped to a minority (29%) according to a CID-Gallup poll. [20] Porfirio Lobo's support increased from 28% in August to 37% in October, and Elvin Santos' support increased from 14% to 21%. According to the two polls, Carlos H. Reyes' support dropped from 12% to 6%, while the other three candidates increased from 1–2% support in August to 2–3% in October. [19] A popularity rating question in the COIMER & OP August poll, concerning positive, average and negative opinions towards presidential candidates and other prominent people, found that Porfirio Lobo had more negative than positive popularity (34% versus 30%), as did Elvin Santos (45% versus 19%) and the de facto President Roberto Micheletti (56% versus 16%) and César Ham (20% versus 16%). Carlos H. Reyes had more positive than negative ratings (25% versus 14%), as did de jure President Manuel Zelaya (45% versus 26%). [19]

polling organisation, [ref]datepoll detailscandidate
Porfirio Lobo Bernard Martínez Felicito Ávila Elvin Santos César Ham Carlos Reyes (withdrew 9 Nov) [15] [16] [18] (other response)
CID-Gallup [20] [21] 13–19 October 2009national; 1420 people37%2%2%21%3%6%29%
COIMER & OP [19] 23–29 August 2009national; 1470 people28%1%1%14%2%12%41%
CID-Gallup [22] 30 June–4 July 2009national; 1204 people42%––37%–––

Conduct

Over thirty thousand security personnel were involved in running the election, including 12,000 military, 14,000 police officers and 5000 reservists. [23] Mayors were requested by the army to provide lists of "enemies" (Spanish: enemigos) of the electoral process in order to "neutralise" them (Spanish: neutralizarlos). [23]

Amnesty International protested to the Honduran de facto government about violations of habeas corpus on 28 and 29 November. [24] One of the people who were disappeared was Jensys Mario Umanzor Gutierrez, last seen in police detention early on the morning of 30 November. Amnesty International (AI) stated that no courts, including the Supreme Court, were available to receive a petition for habeas corpus. AI also referred to two men arrested under terrorism charges and beaten, and 14 minors detained under decree PCM-M-016-2009 [8] for gathering in groups of more than four persons, and later freed without charges. [24] AI also said that human rights organizations in Honduras "suffered attacks and acts of intimidation". [24]

On election day, police and military suppressed an anti-election rally in San Pedro Sula, with reports of one death plus injuries and arrests. [25] [ unreliable source? ] There were also reports that employees of government agencies and private businesses were being told that they would be fired if they did not vote. [26] [ unreliable source? ]

The European Parliament did not send observers. [27] However, observers were sent by the centre-right European People's Party, who reported a "high degree of civic maturity and exemplar democratic behaviour" during the elections. [28]

Despite few outside legal observers, the International Republican Institute and the National Democratic Institute were there as American observers. The IRI supported the projections of 61% from the interim government and the Supreme Electoral Tribunal. [29] The NDI has so far not commented on their projection of the vote turnout, however have commented on an independent, local Honduran observer part-funded by USAID, [30] the Hagamos Democracia who put the turnout on 48%. The NDI commented that they had a low margin of error on what percentage of the votes were allocated to the candidates as they had successfully projected the vote's outcome: 56 percent for Lobo and 38 percent for Santos. He also said a 48 percent turnout would be consistent with a trend of increasing abstention in Honduras. Turnout was 55 percent in the 2005 election that brought Zelaya to office, 10 percentage points lower than in the previous election. [31] Official turnout was revised down to 49%, a figure consistent with the TSE's own internal figures on election day but over which it had preferred to announce the entirely unfounded but rather more politically convenient 61%, as was caught on video at the time. [32] 49% incidentally, is also a decline on the 55% 2005 election turnout. [33]

Results

President

Porfirio Lobo Sosa, popularly known as Pepe Lobo, of the opposition conservative National Party was elected to succeed Micheletti. Early reports gave Lobo over 50% of the popular vote, with Elvin Santos the closest opponent with around 35%. [34] While some regional nations did not accept the election as valid, others including the United States have supported its legitimacy. [35] While exiled President Manuel Zelaya called for a boycott of the election, turnout ranged from around 30% in poorer areas to 70% in more wealthy communities. Lobo hinted that charges against Zelaya would be dropped. [36]

CandidatePartyVotes%
Porfirio Lobo Sosa National Party 1,213,69556.56
Elvin Santos Liberal Party 817,52438.10
Bernard Martínez Valerio Innovation and Unity Party 39,9601.86
Felicito Ávila Christian Democratic Party 38,4131.79
César Ham Democratic Unification Party 36,4201.70
Total2,146,012100.00
Valid votes2,146,01293.30
Invalid/blank votes154,0446.70
Total votes2,300,056100.00
Registered voters/turnout4,611,21149.88
Source: NDI

National Congress

Honduras National Congress 2009.svg
PartyVotes%Seats+/–
National Party 8,561,57753.3771+16
Liberal Party 4,937,99530.7845–17
Innovation and Unity Party 1,031,2186.433+1
Christian Democratic Party 782,5514.885+1
Democratic Unification Party 723,7444.514–1
Independent People's Progressive Movement3,5450.020New
Total16,040,630100.001280
Valid votes2,146,01293.30
Invalid/blank votes154,0446.70
Total votes2,300,056100.00
Source: TSE, IFES

Reactions

Organisations and individuals in Honduras, including the National Resistance Front against the coup d'État in Honduras, [37] Marvin Ponce of the Democratic Unification Party, [37] and Bertha Oliva of Comité de Familiares de Detenidos Desaparecidos en Honduras, [38] and internationally, including Mercosur, [4] President Cristina Kirchner of Argentina [4] and the Union of South American Nations, [5] said that elections held on 29 November under Micheletti would not be recognized.

Honduras

Hundreds of people made a noisy drive-by protest in Tegucigalpa on 1 December to symbolise their rejection of the elections and to highlight that the turnout estimates of over 60% were inaccurate. [39] Zelaya's aide Carlos Reina called for the elections to be cancelled. [39]

In early November 2009, Dagoberto Suazo of the National Resistance Front against the coup d'État in Honduras asked for the international community to continue to refuse to recognise the planned 29 November elections. [37] Marvin Ponce, a member of Congress from the Democratic Unification Party, said that it was not possible to hold the elections in the aftermath of the coup d'état. [37] Bertha Oliva of COFADEH criticised the United States government for stating that Honduras could hold "free elections in less than three weeks" when "Hondurans [were being] subjected to arbitrary arrest, the closure of independent media, police beatings, torture and even killings by security forces". [38] Oliva claimed that it was not possible to have an election campaign when the right to freedom of assembly, freedom of movement and press freedom were absent. She called for elections to be delayed until at least three months after human rights and democracy are restored. [38]

On 6 November 2009, following the failure of Micheletti and Zelaya to together create a "unity cabinet", Zelaya called for a boycott of the 29 November election. [40]

On 9 November 2009, following a national meeting of leaders of the National Resistance Front against the coup d'état, presidential candidate Carlos H. Reyes declared the withdrawal of his candidacy, on the grounds of not legitimising the coup d'état and fraudulent elections. [15] [16] [18] At the time of Reyes' withdrawal, the Honduran newspapers El Tiempo and La Tribuna showed Reyes' right hand in a plaster cast [15] [16] due to an injury sustained during his 30 July beating by Honduran security forces under the control of the de facto Micheletti government. [13] [14] At least 30–40 candidates from various parties and independent candidates, including at least one National Party candidate, Mario Medrano in San Manuel, Cortés, also withdraw in protest. [41] Mario Medrano stated that he withdrew his candidature in order not to legitimise the coup d'état, that this was independent of party membership, and that anyone elected could be removed [if the coup d'état remained legitimate]. [41]

Canadian investigative journalist Jesse Freeston released a series of three videos before and after the elections them of being "coup laundering". In the final video, "Honduran Elections Exposed", Freeston separately interviews two members of the Honduran Supreme Electoral Tribunal. The engineer in charge of the count says that 49% of Hondurans had turned out to vote. Meanwhile, the spokesman for the tribunal told Freeston that roughly 65% had turned out. Freeston concludes that nobody knows how many Hondurans turned out, since all four major international election observers (UN, EU, Carter Center, and OAS) all refused to participate. [42] The videos also exposed the police attack on an anti-election protest in San Pedro Sula, the arrest of a man for possession of anti-election posters in Tegucigalpa, a letter the military sent to all the mayors in Honduras seeking contact information of anyone involved in the National People's Resistance Front, the shutting down of anti-coup media outlets Radio Globo and Canal 36, and the targeted assassinations of anti-coup community organizers. [43]

International

International response to the 2009 Honduran elections .mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{} Honduras Countries recognizing the elections Countries not recognizing the elections No response. International response to the Honduran election.svg
International response to the 2009 Honduran elections
  Honduras
  Countries recognizing the elections
  Countries not recognizing the elections
  No response.

Mercosur declared on 24 July 2009 that it would not recognise the results of the planned November elections or any other elections organised under Micheletti. [4] President Cristina Kirchner of Argentina stated, "We must condemn any benevolent coup attempt, that is, when through a civilian-military coup legitimate authorities are ousted followed by attempts to legalize the situation by calling new elections. This would be the death kiss for the OAS democratic charter and turning the Mercosur democratic charter in mere fiction". [4] On 10 August, the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) also declared that it would not recognise the results of elections held while the de facto Micheletti government remained in power. [5] On 17 August, President Felipe Calderón of Mexico, together with Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, made a similar statement. [6] On September 3, the US State Department issued a statement revoking all non-humanitarian assistance to Honduras and said, of the November 29 elections "At this moment, we would not be able to support the outcome of the scheduled elections". [7]

The U.S. has since changed position and announced that it will recognize the results of the election as a part of the San Jose-Tegucigalpa Accord. [44] Prior to the elections, the OAS advanced a resolution that would have refused to recognize its results. [45] Initially, the U.S. administration pushed for the return of Zelaya, however, subsequently back-tracked on a threat not to recognize the election. [46] The OAS resolution was ultimately blocked by the United States. [45] The U.S. State Department rejected appeals by other Organization of American States (OAS) member nations to condemn what many perceived to be a fraudulent election and, instead, declared the contest "free, fair and transparent." [47] The International Republican Institute, an organization linked to the United States Republican Party, also declared the elections had been "free of violence and overt acts of intimidation". [46] The victory of Porfirio Lobo Sosa was quickly recognized by the United States, which increased military and police aid to the government, despite much of Latin America continuing to view him as an illegal pretender to the Honduran presidency. [48]

In the days preceding the elections, Israel, Italy, Colombia, Panama, Peru, Germany, Costa Rica and Japan also announced their intentions to recognize the results of the elections. [49] [50] [51] [52]

On 30 November at the 19th Ibero-American Summit in Estoril, Portugal the governments of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Spain, Uruguay, and Venezuela announced they would not recognize the elections whereas Colombia, Costa Rica and Panama said that they would. [53] On 7 December the five Mercosur member states once again ratified their decision of not recognizing the election of Porfirio Lobo. [54]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Politics of Honduras</span>

Politics of Honduras takes place in a framework of a multi-party system presidential representative democratic republic. The President of Honduras is both head of state and head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in the National Congress of Honduras. The party system is dominated by the conservative National Party of Honduras, the Liberal Party of Honduras, and Liberty and Refoundation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Liberal Party of Honduras</span> Political party in Honduras

The Liberal Party of Honduras is a centrist liberal political party in Honduras that was founded in 1891. It is the oldest extant political party in the country; further, it is one of the two main parties that have, until recently, dominated Honduran politics. The party is a member of the Liberal International. The PLH is identified with the colours red and white, as the flag Francisco Morazán used in most of his military campaigns during time of the Central American Federal Republic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Porfirio Lobo Sosa</span> President of Honduras from 2010 to 2014

Porfirio Lobo Sosa also known by his nickname, Pepe Lobo, is a former Honduran politician and agricultural landowner who served as President of Honduras from 2010 to 2014. A member of the conservative National Party and a former deputy in the National Congress of Honduras from 1990, he was president of the National Congress of Honduras from 2002 to 2006. He came second to Manuel Zelaya with 46% of the vote in the 2005 general election. After the military ousted Zelaya in a coup d'état, Lobo was elected president in the 2009 presidential election and took office on 27 January 2010.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manuel Zelaya</span> President of Honduras from 2006 to 2009

José Manuel Zelaya Rosales is a Honduran politician who was President of Honduras from 27 January 2006 until his forcible removal in the 2009 coup d'état, and who since January 2022 serves as the first First Gentleman of Honduras. He is the eldest son of a wealthy businessman, and inherited his father's nickname "Mel". Before entering politics he was involved in his family's logging and timber businesses.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elvin Santos</span> Honduran politician

Elvin Ernesto Santos Ordóñez is a Honduran politician who served as the vice president of Honduras from January 2006 to November 2008, when he resigned to stand as a Liberal Party candidate for the presidency in the 2009 elections. For the 2005 election the constitution was amended to create a single vice president. Although Santos served as vice president under the presidency of Manuel Zelaya, he distanced himself from Zelaya since there were conflicts between the two politicians. He was also against the fourth ballot box referendum that Zelaya promoted.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Roberto Micheletti</span> Interim president of Honduras following the 2009 coup until 2010

Roberto Micheletti Baín is a Honduran politician who served as the interim president of Honduras from 28 June 2009 to 27 January 2010 as a result of the 2009 Honduran coup d'état. The Honduran military ousted the President, and the National Congress read a letter of resignation, which was refuted two minutes later by Manuel Zelaya in conversation with CNN en Español; days later, the coup-plotters claimed that the Supreme Court had ordered to forcefully detain President Manuel Zelaya because "he was violating the Honduran constitution"; Zelaya was exiled rather than arrested. Micheletti, constitutionally next in line for the presidency, was sworn in as president by the National Congress a few hours after Zelaya was sent into exile by the Honduran military. He was not acknowledged as de jure president by any government or international organization. The 2009 general election took place as planned in November and elected Porfirio Lobo Sosa to succeed Micheletti.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Romeo Vásquez Velásquez</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2009 Honduran constitutional crisis</span> Political crisis in Honduras

The 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis was a political dispute over plans to either rewrite the Constitution of Honduras or write a new one.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Constitution of Honduras</span> Fundamental law of Honduras

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International reaction to the 2009 Honduran coup d'état of June 28, 2009, was that the coup was widely repudiated around the globe. The United Nations, every other country in the Western Hemisphere and others, publicly condemned the military-led 2009 Honduran coup d'état and ouster of Honduran President Manuel Zelaya as illegal and most labelled it a coup d'état. The Obama administration, along with all other governments in the hemisphere, branded the action a "coup." Every country in the region, except the United States, withdrew their ambassadors from Honduras. All ambassadors of the European Union were recalled. Venezuela said it would suspend oil shipments, and Honduras's neighbors — El Salvador, Guatemala and Nicaragua - stopped overland trade for 48 hours. The World Bank and Inter-American Development Bank suspended lending to Honduras.

The 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis was a political confrontation concerning the events that led to, included, and followed the 2009 Honduran coup d'état and the political breakdown associated with it. The coup was repudiated around the globe, but Roberto Micheletti, head of the government installed after the coup, has claimed that the Honduran Supreme Court ordered the detention of Manuel Zelaya, deposed President of Honduras, and that the following succession was constitutionally valid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2009 Honduran coup d'état</span> 2009 deposition of Honduran President Manuel Zelaya by the military

The 2009 Honduran coup d'état, which took place during the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis, occurred when President Manuel Zelaya failed to follow the Honduran Supreme Court ruling. On 28 June 2009, the Honduran Army ousted him and sent him into exile. Zelaya had attempted to schedule a non-binding poll to hold a referendum on convening a constituent assembly for writing a new constitution. Despite court orders to cease, Zelaya refused to comply, and the Honduran Supreme Court issued a secret arrest warrant dated 26 June. Two days later, Honduran soldiers stormed the president's house in the middle of the night, detained him, and thwarted the poll. Instead of putting him on trial, the army put him on a military plane and flew him to Costa Rica. Later that day, after reading a resignation letter of disputed authenticity, the Honduran Congress voted to remove Zelaya from office and appointed Head of Congress Roberto Micheletti, his constitutional successor, to complete his term. This was the first coup to occur in the country since 1978.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mario Canahuati</span>

Mario Canahuati is a Honduran politician, businessman and a former Honduran ambassador to the United States. He is a former president of the Honduran Council of Private Enterprise (COHEP).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Human rights in Honduras</span>

Serious issues involving human rights in Honduras through the end of 2013 include unlawful and arbitrary killings by police and others, corruption and institutional weakness of the justice system, and harsh and at times life-threatening prison conditions.

The National Popular Resistance Front or National People's Resistance Front, frequently referred to as the National Resistance Front, is a wide coalition of Honduran grassroots organisations and political parties and movements that aims to restore elected President Manuel Zelaya and hold a constituent assembly to draw up a new constitution.

Public opinion on the 2009 Honduran coup d'état is divided in Honduras. There are three known opinion polls on the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis. The polls show polarized Honduras. The first CID-Gallup showed support for President Manuel Zelaya's removal from office because of his actions but not the manner in which it was carried out. Subsequent opinion polls showed higher levels of opposition to the events of the coup, though the opinion of the government it inaugurated was more evenly mixed. According to the latest poll in October, only 48% of Hondurans regard Roberto Micheletti's performance as good or excellent, and 50% as bad or poor. Porfirio Lobo Sosa, an opposition member, led polls before the November elections and subsequently won the elections.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jesse Freeston</span> Canadian video journalist and filmmaker

Jesse Freeston is a Canadian video journalist and filmmaker on social movements in North and Central America, the military-industrial complex, the global economic crisis, and undocumented migration. He is mostly known for exposing fraud in the Honduran election of 2009, and for his coverage of the 2010 G-20 summit in Toronto, where Freeston was attacked by an officer with the Toronto Police Service before having his microphone ripped from his hand by another officer. His video-journalism work with The Real News Network, which is all licensed copyleft, has been republished by outlets including The Huffington Post, Common Dreams and Le monde diplomatique. In 2012 he made three 30-minute Spanish-language documentaries for the Venezuelan government propaganda network Telesur.

Alexander Erick Martínez Ávila, also known as Erick Martínez, was a Honduran advocate and spokesperson for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) minority rights in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. A former journalist, he went into public relations for Asociación Kukulcán. He was also known to be a "Zelayista" activist. Days after his announcement to run as a Resistencia Party congressional candidate in the November elections, Martínez went missing and was found strangled to death about 3 kilometers from the capital.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Honduras–Uruguay relations</span> Bilateral relations

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The Truth and Reconciliation Commission in Honduras began its work on May 4, 2010 and submitted a final report in July 2011. The commission was created due to its inclusion as one of the measures in the “Accord for National Reconciliation and the Strengthening of Democracy in Honduras".

References

  1. ↑ "Pol tica - Autoridad electoral de Honduras convoca elección general para 29 de noviembre - ADN.es". Archived from the original on 2 November 2011. Retrieved 9 June 2009.
  2. ↑ "IFES Election Guide | Country Profile: Honduras". electionguide.org. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
  3. ↑ "Honduras: busca reforma constitucional". BBC Spanish. 24 March 2009. Retrieved 11 July 2009.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 "Mercosur warns it rejects any attempt to call new elections in Honduras". Mercopress. 25 July 2009. Archived from the original on 26 July 2009. Retrieved 9 August 2009.
  5. 1 2 3 "Union of South American Nations rejects elections under Honduran de facto regime". Guelph Mercury/AP/The Canadian Press. 10 August 2009. Archived from the original on 25 February 2012. Retrieved 23 August 2009.
  6. 1 2 "State Visit to Brazil by Mexican President Felipe Calderón". government of Mexico. 17 August 2009. Archived from the original on 25 August 2009. Retrieved 23 August 2009.
  7. 1 2 US State Department (3 September 2009). "Termination of Assistance and Other Measures Affecting the De Facto Regime in Honduras". US State Department. Retrieved 4 September 2009.
  8. 1 2 Rosenberg, Mica; Gustavo Palencia (19 October 2009). "Honduras de facto leader lifts ban on media, protests". Reuters. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 19 October 2009.
  9. ↑ Ordaz, Pablo (28 September 2009). "Micheletti ordena el cierre de los medios de comunicación afines a Zelaya" (in Spanish). El País. Archived from the original on 13 May 2011. Retrieved 19 October 2009.
  10. ↑ "Carta de renuncia de Carlos H. Reye". Vos el Soberano. 9 November 2009. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  11. 1 2 Innovation and Unity Party (23 February 2009). "Sindicalista Bernard Martínez primer candidato presidencial negro en Honduras". Innovation and Unity Party. Archived from the original on 10 May 2008. Retrieved 27 August 2009.
  12. ↑ "Bernard Martínez". La Tribuna. 20 July 2009. Archived from the original on 11 August 2010. Retrieved 27 August 2009.
  13. 1 2 "International Mission denounces the brutal repression of pacific demonstrations". Agencia Latinoamerica de Información. 30 July 2009. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2009.
  14. 1 2 "Defying threats, Zelaya supporters continue protests". La Prensa. 31 July 2009. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2009.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 "Carlos H. Reyes anuncia su retiro de los comicios" (in Spanish). El Tiempo (Honduras). 8 November 2009. Archived from the original on 12 November 2009. Retrieved 11 November 2009.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 "Carlos H. Reyes oficializa su renuncia" (in Spanish). La Tribuna. 9 November 2009. Archived from the original on 30 October 2010. Retrieved 11 November 2009.
  17. ↑ "Publicación del voto despeja incógnitas" (in Spanish). Tiempo. 2009. Archived from the original on 24 May 2024. Retrieved 7 August 2009.
  18. 1 2 3 "BBC Mundo - América Latina - Honduras: piden boicotear las elecciones". www.bbc.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 December 2021.
  19. 1 2 3 4 "Estudio de Opinión Pública – Nivel Nacional" (PDF) (in Spanish). COIMER & OP (Consultores en Investigación de Mercados y Opinión Pública). 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 December 2009. Retrieved 7 October 2009.
  20. 1 2 "El opositor Porfirio Lobo aventaja en 16 puntos al oficialista en Honduras, según una encuesta". Casamerica. 27 October 2009. Archived from the original on 24 May 2024. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
  21. ↑ "Lobo 16 puntos arriba a 32 días de comicios" (in Spanish). La Prensa (Honduras). 26 October 2009. Archived from the original on 30 October 2009. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
  22. ↑ "Hondurans Would Back Lobo Sosa for President". Angus Reid Global Monitor. 6 July 2009. Archived from the original on 2 December 2009. Retrieved 29 November 2009.
  23. 1 2 "El signo de la represión". El Tiempo (Honduras). November 2009. Archived from the original on 30 November 2009. Retrieved 23 November 2009.
  24. 1 2 3 "Authorities Must Reveal Identities and Whereabouts of People Detained Today". Amnesty International USA. 30 November 2009. Archived from the original on 2 December 2009. Retrieved 1 December 2009.
  25. ↑ Jesse Freeston. "An Election Validated by Blood and Repression" Archived 4 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine . The Real News Network. December 2, 2009.
  26. ↑ Schepers, Emile (30 November 2009). "Honduras election raises questions on turnout, international recognition". People's World. Retrieved 7 March 2010.
  27. ↑ "Debates - Political situation in Honduras with a view to the elections on 29 November 2009 (debate) - Wednesday, 11 November 2009". www.europarl.europa.eu. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
  28. ↑ El Grupo PPE reconoce plena legitimidad a las elecciones de Honduras Archived 2017-12-15 at the Wayback Machine . EPP Group in the European Parliament
  29. ↑ Morrison, James. "Embassy Row". The Washington Times . Retrieved 20 December 2021.
  30. ↑ "Elecciones Honduras: Exclusiva entrevista a "Hagamos Democracia" (+ Audio)". Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
  31. ↑ [ dead link ]
  32. ↑ Exclusive: Honduran elections exposed , retrieved 20 December 2021
  33. ↑ "Honduras revises down participation in disputed polls". AFP via France24. 4 December 2009. Retrieved 5 December 2009.[ permanent dead link ]
  34. ↑ http://www.yucatan.com.mx/noticia.asp?cx=99$1410000000$4200384&f=20091130 [ permanent dead link ]
  35. ↑ "Porfirio Lobo Elected President In Honduras". Huffington Post. 30 November 2009.
  36. ↑ "Honduras elects Porfirio Lobo as new president". the Guardian. 30 November 2009. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
  37. 1 2 3 4 "Pro-Zelaya organization issues ultimatum for Zelaya's restitution". Xinhua News Agency. 6 November 2009. Archived from the original on 9 November 2009. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
  38. 1 2 3 "Honduras' Most Prominent Human Rights Expert Calls on Obama Administration to Denounce "Grave Human Rights Violations"". Center for Economic and Policy Research. 5 November 2009. Archived from the original on 20 November 2009. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
  39. 1 2 "Zelaya calls for Latin America leaders to reject polls". Inform Technologies Inc./Agence France Presse. 2 December 2009. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 2 December 2009.
  40. ↑ Carroll, Rory (6 November 2009). "Power-sharing deal in Honduras collapses as Zelaya demands to lead". The Guardian . London. Archived from the original on 8 November 2009. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
  41. 1 2 "Renuncian importantes dirigentes del liberalismo". El Tiempo (Honduras). November 2009. Archived from the original on 24 November 2009. Retrieved 28 November 2009.
  42. ↑ Jesse Freeston. "TRNN Exclusive: Honduran elections exposed" Archived 2 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine . The Real News Network. December 6, 2009.
  43. ↑ Jesse Freeston. "Honduras: Elections as Coup Laundering" Archived 4 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine . The Real News Network. November 28, 2009.
  44. ↑ "Breaking News, World News and Video from al Jazeera".
  45. 1 2 Politics, Stephen Zunes Professor of; Francisco, Coordinator of Middle Eastern Studies at the University of San (19 June 2016). "The U.S. Role In The Honduras Coup And Subsequent Violence". HuffPost . Retrieved 16 December 2016.
  46. 1 2 Sheridan, Mary Beth (1 December 2009). "U.S. and some allies at odds over Honduras presidential election" . Retrieved 16 December 2016– via washingtonpost.com.
  47. ↑ Fang, Lee (6 July 2015). "During Honduras Crisis, Clinton Suggested Back Channel With Lobbyist Lanny Davis". The Intercept . Retrieved 16 December 2016.
  48. ↑ "In Honduras, a Mess Made in the U.S." The New York Times. 27 January 2012. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
  49. ↑ "Israel apoya las elecciones de Honduras" [Israel Supports Honduran Elections]. El Heraldo (Honduras) (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 28 November 2009.
  50. ↑ Frank, Dana (27 November 2009). "No Fair Election in Honduras under Military Occupation". Common Dreams (Press release). Archived from the original on 28 January 2012. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
  51. ↑ "Htw Media". Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 2 December 2009.
  52. ↑ "Japón respalda proceso electoral de Honduras" [Japan Supports Honduran Election Procedures]. La Prensa (Honduras) (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 March 2022.
  53. ↑ "Intenso debate sobre Honduras en la Cumbre Iberoamericana tras las elecciones" [Intense debate on Honduras at the Ibero-American Summit Following Elections] (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 5 December 2009. Retrieved 9 December 2009.
  54. ↑ "Los países del Mercosur no reconocen los comicios en Honduras". El País (in Spanish). 8 December 2009. ISSN   1134-6582 . Retrieved 20 December 2021.
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