Jamaicans

Last updated

Jamaicans
Flag of Jamaica.svg
Total population
c. 4.4 million
2,683,707 (2011 census) [1]
Regions with significant populations
Jamaica   2,827,695 [2] [3]
United States1,100,000+ [4]
United Kingdom800,000+ [5]
Canada309,485 [6]
Cayman Islands 21,888 [7]
Trinidad and Tobago 15,000
Antigua and Barbuda 12,000 [8]
The Bahamas 5,572 [9]
Germany 4,000 [10]
The Netherlands 1,971 [11]
Australia 1,092 [5]
Japan 945 [12]
Brazil 704 [13]
Languages
English, Jamaican Patois
Religion
Primarily Protestantism [14]
Related ethnic groups
Caribbean people

Jamaicans are the citizens of Jamaica and their descendants in the Jamaican diaspora. The vast majority of Jamaicans are of Sub-Saharan African descent, with minorities of Europeans, Indians, Chinese, Middle Eastern, and others of mixed ancestry. The bulk of the Jamaican diaspora resides in other Anglophone countries, namely Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom. Jamaican populations are also prominent in other Caribbean countries, territories and Commonwealth realms, where in the Cayman Islands, born Jamaicans, as well as Caymanians of Jamaican origin, make up 26.8% of the population. [15] Outside of Anglophone countries, the largest Jamaican diaspora community lives in Central America, where Jamaicans make up a significant percentage of the population. [16]

Contents

History

According to the official Jamaica Population Census of 1970, ethnic origins categories in Jamaica include: Black (Mixed); Chinese; East Indian; White; and 'Other' (e.g.: Syrian or Lebanese). [1] Jamaicans who consider themselves Black (according to the United States' One-drop rule definition of Black), made up 92% of the working population. Those of non-African descent or mixed race made up the remaining 8% of the population. [17]

But according to a more precise study conducted by the local University of the West Indies - Jamaica's population is more accurately 76.3% African descent or Black, 15.1% Afro-European (or locally called the Brown Man or Browning Class), 3.4% East Indian and Afro-East Indian, 3.2% Caucasian, 1.2% Chinese and 0.8% Other. [18]

Wealth or economic power in Jamaica is disproportionately held by the White Jamaicans, Chinese Jamaicans and the Afro-European (or locally called the Brown Man or Browning Class) - i.e. despite being a minority group(s) (less than 25% of the country's population) controls most of the country's wealth. [19] [20]

Self-identified ethnic origin

Responses of the 2011 official census. [1]

Ethnic originPopulationMalesFemalesPercentage
Black 2,471,9461,226,0261,245,92092.1
Chinese 5,2282,8802,3480.2
Mixed162,71873,29389,4256.0
East Indian 20,06610,4919,5750.7
White 4,3652,1922,1730.2
Other1,8989709280.1
Not Reported17,4868,6388,8480.6
Total2,683,7071,324,4901,359,217100.0%
source [1]


A more precise breakdown of the Responses of the 2011 official census by the University of the West Indies [21]

Ethnic originPopulationPercentage
Black 2,047,66876.3
Chinese 32,2241.2
Afro-European or Browning Class405,24015.1
East Indian and Afro-East Indian91,2463.4
White 85,8783.2
Other21,4700.8
Total2,683,707100.0%
source [21]

Religion

Denomination 2011 census [1]
NumberPercentage
Christian
     Anglicanism 74,891
     Baptists 180,640
     Brethren 23,647
     Baptists 20,872-
     Brethren 9,7581.0
    Church of God in Jamaica129,544-
    Church of God of Prophecy121,400-
    New Testament Church of God192,086-
    Other Church of God246,838-
     The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (2021) [22] 6,718-
     Jehovah's Witnesses 50,8492.0
     Methodist 43,3362.0
     Moravian 18,351
     Pentecostal 295,195
     Rastafari 29,026
     Revivalist 36,296
     Roman Catholic 57,946
     Seventh-day Adventist 322,228-
     United Church 56,360
Baháʼí 269
Hinduism 1,836-
Islam 1,513-
Judaism 506
Other Religion/Denomination169,014-
Totals, specified religions100.00
No Religion/Denomination572,008-
Not reported60,326-
Totals, Jamaica2,683,105100.00

Diaspora

Many Jamaicans now live overseas and outside Jamaica, while many have migrated to Anglophone countries, including over 400,000 Jamaicans in the United Kingdom, over 300,000 in Canada and 1,100,000 in the United States. [23]

There are about 30,500 Jamaicans residing in other CARICOM member including the Bahamas, Antigua & Barbuda (12,000), [8] Barbados and Trinidad & Tobago. [24] There are also communities of Jamaican descendants in Central America, particularly Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama. Most of Costa Rica's Afro-Costa Rican and Mulatto population, which combined represents about 7% of the total population, is of Jamaican descent. [25] [26]

Notable Jamaicans

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Bahamas</span> Country in North America

The Bahamas, officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an island country within the Lucayan Archipelago of the Atlantic Ocean. It contains 97% of the Lucayan Archipelago's land area and 88% of its population. The archipelagic country consists of more than 3,000 islands, cays, and islets in the Atlantic Ocean, and is located north of Cuba and northwest of the island of Hispaniola and the Turks and Caicos Islands, southeast of the U.S. state of Florida and east of the Florida Keys. The capital is Nassau on the island of New Providence. The Royal Bahamas Defence Force describes the Bahamas' territory as encompassing 470,000 km2 (180,000 sq mi) of ocean space.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Costa Rica</span> Country in Central America

Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica, is a country in the Central American region of North America. It borders Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the northeast, Panama to the southeast, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, as well as maritime border with Ecuador to the south of Cocos Island. It has a population of around five million in a land area of nearly 51,180 km2 (19,760 sq mi). An estimated 352,381 people live in the capital and largest city, San José, with around two million people in the surrounding metropolitan area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of Costa Rica</span> Ethnic group

This is a demographic article about Costa Rica's population, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of Jamaica</span>

Jamaica is an island country in the Caribbean. The country had a population of 2,825,352 in 2023, the fourth largest in the region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of Panama</span>

This is a demography of the population of Panama including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population. Panama's 2020 census has been postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic but the government are currently assessing additional implications. They are evaluating the preparatory processes that can begin now, such as procurement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caribbean Community</span> Regional intergovernmental organisation

The Caribbean Community is an intergovernmental organisation that is a political and economic union of 15 member states and five associated members throughout the Americas, The Caribbean and Atlantic Ocean. It has the primary objective to promote economic integration and cooperation among its members, ensure that the benefits of integration are equitably shared, and coordinate foreign policy. The organisation was established in 1973, by its four founding members signing the Treaty of Chaguaramas. Its primary activities involve:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">African diaspora</span> People descending from indigenous Africans living outside Africa

The globalAfrican diaspora is the worldwide collection of communities descended from people from Africa, predominantly in the Americas. The African populations in the Americas are descended from haplogroup L genetic groups of native Africans. The term most commonly refers to the descendants of the native West and Central Africans who were enslaved and shipped to the Americas via the Atlantic slave trade between the 16th and 19th centuries, with their largest populations in Brazil, the United States, Colombia and Haiti. However, the term can also be used to refer to African descendants who immigrated to other parts of the world. Scholars identify "four circulatory phases" of this migration out of Africa. The phrase African diaspora gradually entered common usage at the turn of the 21st century. The term diaspora originates from the Greek διασπορά which gained popularity in English in reference to the Jewish diaspora before being more broadly applied to other populations.

Latin Americans are the citizens of Latin American countries.

Afro-Caribbean or African Caribbeanpeople are Caribbean people who trace their full or partial ancestry to Africa. The majority of the modern Afro-Caribbean people descend from the Africans taken as slaves to colonial Caribbean via the trans-Atlantic slave trade between the 15th and 19th centuries to work primarily on various sugar plantations and in domestic households. Other names for the ethnic group include Black Caribbean, Afro- or Black West Indian, or Afro- or Black Antillean. The term West Indian Creole has also been used to refer to Afro-Caribbean people, as well as other ethnic and racial groups in the region, though there remains debate about its use to refer to Afro-Caribbean people specifically. The term Afro-Caribbean was not coined by Caribbean people themselves but was first used by European Americans in the late 1960s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barbadians</span> People who are identified with the country of Barbados

Barbadians, more commonly known as Bajans, are people who are identified with the country of Barbados, by being citizens or their descendants in the Bajan diaspora. The connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Bajans, several of those connections exist and are collectively the source of their identity. Bajans are a multi-ethnic and multicultural society of various ethnic, religious and national origins; therefore Bajans do not necessarily equate their ethnicity with their Bajan nationality.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ethnic groups in Central America</span>

Central America is a subregion of the Americas formed by six Latin American countries and one (officially) Anglo-American country, Belize. As an isthmus it connects South America with the remainder of mainland North America, and comprises the following countries : Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama.

European emigration is the successive emigration waves from the European continent to other continents. The origins of the various European diasporas can be traced to the people who left the European nation states or stateless ethnic communities on the European continent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Afro–Costa Ricans</span> Costa Ricans of African ancestry

Afro–Costa Ricans are Costa Ricans of African ancestry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Epsy Campbell Barr</span> Costa Rican politician and economist

Epsy Alejandra Campbell Barr is a Costa Rican politician and economist who served as the Vice-president of Costa Rica from 8 May 2018 to 8 May 2022. She is the first woman of African descent to be vice president in Costa Rica and in Latin America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caribbean</span> Islands and coastal region surrounded by the Caribbean Sea

The Caribbean, is a subregion in the middle of the Americas centered around the Caribbean Sea in the North Atlantic Ocean. Bordered by North America to the north, Central America to the west, and South America to the south, it comprises numerous islands, cays, islets, reefs, and banks. It includes the Lucayan Archipelago, Greater Antilles, and Lesser Antilles of the West Indies; the Quintana Roo islands and Belizean islands of the Yucatán Peninsula; and the Bay Islands, Miskito Cays, Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia, and Santa Catalina, and Corn Islands of Central America. It also includes the coastal areas on the continental mainland of the Americas bordering the region from the Yucatán Peninsula in North America through Central America to the Guianas in South America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Costa Ricans</span> People from the country of Costa Rica

Costa Ricans are the citizens of Costa Rica, a multiethnic, Spanish-speaking nation in Central America. Costa Ricans are predominantly Mestizos, other ethnic groups people of Indigenous, European, African, and Asian descent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Reparations for slavery</span> Political justice concept

Reparations for slavery refers to providing benefits to victims of slavery and/or their descendants. There are concepts for reparations in legal philosophy and reparations in transitional justice. Reparations can take many forms, including practical and financial assistance to the descendants of enslaved people, acknowledgements or apologies to peoples or nations negatively affected by slavery, or honouring the memories of people who were enslaved by naming things after them. Victims of slavery can refer past slavery or ongoing slavery in the 21st century.

The International Decade for People of African Descent, 2015–2024, was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in a Resolution (68/237) adopted on 23 December 2013. The theme of the International Decade is "People of African descent: recognition, justice and development".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kamina Johnson Smith</span> Jamaican attorney and politician

Kamina Johnson Smith is a Jamaican of Afro-European heritage, attorney-at-law and Senator. Johnson Smith is Jamaica's first female Minister of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade. Since 2016, Johnson Smith has served concurrently as Minister of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade and Leader of Government Business in the Senate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eulalia Bernard</span> Afro-Costa Rican writer and poet (1935–2021)

Maunrice Eulalee Bernard Little, known as Eulalia Bernard, was a Costa Rican writer, poet, activist, politician, diplomat, and educator. She is considered in her country as an icon of the African descent culture. Bernard was the first Afro-Costa Rican woman to be published in her country.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "2011 Census of Population by Sex and Religious Affiliation/Denomination by Parish (P. 80)". issuu.com. Archived from the original on April 14, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.
  2. "World Population Prospects 2022". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  3. "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XSLX) ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  4. "2013 census". United States Census. Archived from the original on 2020-02-12. Retrieved 2016-06-16.
  5. 1 2 "World Migration". iom.int. 15 January 2015. Archived from the original on 1 May 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2015.
  6. "Census Profile, 2016 Census – Canada". Statistics Canada. Archived from the original on 2018-04-22. Retrieved 2020-04-24.
  7. "Labour Force Survey Spring 2022" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-07-20. Retrieved 2023-06-15.
  8. 1 2 "PM Golding Calls on Jamaicans in Antigua & Barbuda to Co-Operate with Government & People There". Jamaica Information Service. Archived from the original on 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2021-05-14.
  9. "The Nassau Guardian Home - The Nassau Guardian". The Nassau Guardian. Archived from the original on 2016-10-17. Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  10. "Immigrant and Emigrant Populations by Country of Origin and Destination". Archived from the original on 2021-04-14. Retrieved 2023-10-31.
  11. Bevolking; herkomstgroepering, generatie, geslacht en leeftijd, 1 januari Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine , CBS, geraadpleegd op 5 juli 2014, 20 oktober 2018 en 9 februari 2020, 24 mei 2020.
  12. "在留外国人統計" (in Japanese). 15 December 2023. Archived from the original on 28 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  13. Immigrants in Brazil (2024, in Portuguese)
  14. "Jamaica - Religion" Archived 2023-08-03 at the Wayback Machine , Encyclopædia Britannica online.
  15. "Demographic Characteristics" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-07-31. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
  16. "THE STORY BEHIND JAMAICANS IN COSTA RICA". www.linkedin.com. Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2022-04-18.
  17. Jamaica Population Census 1970.
  18. "Jamaica | The University of the West Indies". www.uwi.edu. Archived from the original on 2024-08-01. Retrieved 2024-07-31.
  19. Stone, Carl (August 1, 1972). "Stratification and political change in Trinidad and Jamaica". Beverly Hills [Calif.] Sage Publications via Internet Archive.
  20. "Essays on Power and Change in Jamaica". August 1, 1977 via Internet Archive.
  21. 1 2 "Jamaica | the University of the West Indies". Archived from the original on 2024-07-21. Retrieved 2024-07-21.
  22. "Statistics and Church Facts | Total Church Membership". newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org. Archived from the original on 2023-04-01. Retrieved 2023-04-14.
  23. "Article: Jamaica: From Diverse Beginning to Diaspora in the Developed World". Migration Policy. Archived from the original on 2016-04-20. Retrieved 2023-08-14.
  24. "30,000 Jamaicans residing in other CARICOM member states". caricomnews.net. Archived from the original on 2017-06-20. Retrieved 2014-04-24.
  25. Schulman, Bob. "'Little Jamaica' Rocks on the Caribbean Coast of Costa Rica". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 25 January 2019. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
  26. Koch, Charles W. (1977). "Jamaican Blacks and Their Descendants in Costa Rica". Social and Economic Studies. 26 (3). Jamaica: Sir Arthur Lewis Institute of Social and Economic Studies, University of the West Indies: 339–361. JSTOR   27861669.