List of African-American United States representatives

Joseph Rainey (left) was the first African American to serve in the U.S. House; Shirley Chisholm (right) was the first African-American woman elected to the chamber.

The United States House of Representatives has had 157 elected African-American members, of whom 151 have been representatives from U.S. states and 6 have been delegates from U.S. territories and the District of Columbia. ^[1] The House of Representatives is the lower house of the bicameral United States Congress, which is the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the term "African American" includes all individuals who identify with one or more nationalities or ethnic groups originating in any of the black racial groups of Africa. ^[2] The term is generally used for Americans with at least partial ancestry in any of the original peoples of sub-Saharan Africa. During the founding of the federal government, African Americans were consigned to a status of second-class citizenship or enslaved. ^[3] No African American served in federal elective office before the ratification in 1870 of the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Fifteenth Amendment prohibits the federal and state governments from denying any citizen the right to vote because of that citizen's race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Joseph Rainey was the first African-American representative to be seated in the U.S. House. He served South Carolina's 1st congressional district beginning in 1870 during the Reconstruction era following the American Civil War. The first African-American woman to serve as a representative was Shirley Chisholm from New York's 12th congressional district in 1969 during the Civil Rights Movement.

Many African-American members of the House of Representatives serve majority-minority districts. ^[4] Some of these congressional districts are gerrymandered, limiting serious challenges to their re-election, and limiting their abilities to represent a larger, more diverse constituency. ^[4] The Voting Rights Act of 1965 includes restrictions on the ability of States to diminish minority representation during redistricting. In the elections of 2016 and 2018, an increasing number of non-majority-minority districts have elected racial minority representatives.

Overall, 31 of the 50 U.S. states, plus the U.S. Virgin Islands and the District of Columbia, have elected an African American to represent them in the U.S. House of Representatives, with Rhode Island being the most recent to elect its first (in 2023); out of these, 23 states, plus U.S. Virgin Islands and the District of Columbia, have elected an African-American woman to represent them in the U.S. House. Illinois's 1st congressional district has the longest continuous streak of electing African-American representatives, a tendency that has occurred from 1928 to the present. There currently are 57 African-American representatives and two African-American delegates in the United States House of Representatives, representing 29 states, plus the U.S. Virgin Islands and the District of Columbia. Most are members of the Congressional Black Caucus.

List of states represented by African Americans

State	Current members	Previous members	Total	First African-American member	Political party of first African-American member	Years with African-American members
Alabama	1	5	6	Benjamin S. Turner	Republican	1871–1877, 1993–present
Alaska	0	0	0
Arizona	0	0	0
Arkansas	0	0	0
California	3	10	13	Augustus F. Hawkins	Democratic	1963–present
Colorado	1	0	1	Joe Neguse	Democratic	2019–present
Connecticut	1	1	2	Gary Franks	Republican	1991–1997, 2019–present
Delaware	1	0	1	Lisa Blunt Rochester	Democratic	2017–present
Florida	4	8	12	Josiah T. Walls	Republican	1871–1876, 1993–present
Georgia	5	6	11	Jefferson F. Long	Republican	1871, 1973–1977, 1987–present
Hawaii	0	0	0
Idaho	0	0	0
Illinois	4	13	17	Oscar Stanton DePriest	Republican	1929–present
Indiana	1	2	3	Katie Hall	Democratic	1982–1985, 1997–present
Iowa	0	0	0
Kansas	0	0	0
Kentucky	0	0	0
Louisiana	1	4	5	Charles E. Nash	Republican	1875–1877, 1991–2009, 2011–present
Maine	0	0	0
Maryland	2	5	7	Parren Mitchell	Democratic	1971–present
Massachusetts	1	0	1	Ayanna Pressley	Democratic	2019–present
Michigan	1	8	9	Charles Diggs	Democratic	1955–present
Minnesota	1	1	2	Keith Ellison	Democratic–Farmer–Labor	2007–present
Mississippi	1	2	3	John R. Lynch	Republican	1873–1877, 1882–1883, 1987–present
Missouri	2	3	5	Bill Clay	Democratic	1969–present
Montana	0	0	0
Nebraska	0	0	0
Nevada	1	0	1	Steven Horsford	Democratic	2013–2015, 2019–present
New Hampshire	0	0	0
New Jersey	1	2	3	Donald M. Payne	Democratic	1989–present
New Mexico	0	0	0
New York	5	8	13	Adam Clayton Powell Jr.	Democratic	1945–present
North Carolina	3	8	11	John Adams Hyman	Republican	1875–1877, 1883–1887, 1889–1893, 1897–1901, 1992–present
North Dakota	0	0	0
Ohio	3	3	6	Louis Stokes	Democratic	1969–present
Oklahoma	0	1	1	J. C. Watts	Republican	1995–2003
Oregon	0	0	0
Pennsylvania	2	4	6	Robert N. C. Nix Sr.	Democratic	1958–present
Rhode Island	1	0	1	Gabe Amo	Democratic	2023–present
South Carolina	1	9	10	Joseph Rainey	Republican	1870–1879, 1882–1887, 1890–1891, 1893–1897, 1993–present
South Dakota	0	0	0
Tennessee	0	2	2	Harold Ford Sr.	Democratic	1975–2007
Texas	5	6	11	Barbara Jordan	Democratic	1973–present
Utah	1	1	2	Mia Love	Republican	2015–2019, 2021–present
Vermont	0	0	0
Virginia	2	2	4	John Mercer Langston	Republican	1890–1891, 1993–present
Washington	1	0	1	Marilyn Strickland	Democratic	2021–present
West Virginia	0	0	0
Wisconsin	1	0	1	Gwen Moore	Democratic	2005–present
Wyoming	0	0	0

Reconstruction and early post-Reconstruction era, 1870–1887

Political party

   Republican

Representative [a]			Congressional district	Took office	Left office	Party	Congress	Former slave?	Notes
		Joseph Rainey (1832–1887)	South Carolina's 1st	December 12, 1870	March 3, 1879	Republican	41st (1869–1871)	Yes	Lost reelection [b] [5]
							THRU
							45th (1877–1879)
		Jefferson F. Long (1836–1901)	Georgia's 4th	January 16, 1871	March 3, 1871	Republican	41st (1869–1871)	Yes	Retired [c] [6]
		Robert C. De Large (1842–1874)	South Carolina's 2nd	March 4, 1871	January 24, 1873	Republican	42nd (1871–1873)	No	Unseated in 1873 due to a contested election that involved Christopher C. Bowen, the previous seat holder. [7] [d] [8]
		Robert B. Elliott (1842–1884)	South Carolina's 3rd	March 4, 1871	November 1, 1874	Republican	42nd (1871–1873)	No	Resigned [e] [9]
							43rd (1873–1875)
		Benjamin S. Turner (1825–1894)	Alabama's 1st	March 4, 1871	March 3, 1873	Republican	42nd (1871–1873)	Yes	Lost reelection [f] [10]
		Josiah T. Walls (1842–1905)	Florida's at-large	March 4, 1871	January 29, 1873	Republican	42nd (1871–1873)	Yes	Unseated in 1873 and 1876 due to contested elections that involved Silas L. Niblack [11] and Jesse Finley, [12] respectively. [g] [13]
				March 4, 1873	March 3, 1875		43rd (1873–1875)
			Florida's 2nd	March 4, 1875	April 19, 1876		44th (1875–1877)
		Richard H. Cain (1825–1887)	South Carolina's at-large	March 4, 1873	March 3, 1875	Republican	43rd (1873–1875)	No	Retired [14]
			South Carolina's 2nd	March 4, 1877	March 3, 1879		45th (1877–1879)
		John R. Lynch (1847–1939)	Mississippi's 6th	March 4, 1873	March 3, 1877	Republican	43rd (1873–1875)	Yes	Lost reelection [h] [16]
							44th (1875–1877)
				April 29, 1882	March 3, 1883		47th (1881–1883)
		Alonzo J. Ransier (1834–1882)	South Carolina's 2nd	March 4, 1873	March 3, 1875	Republican	43rd (1873–1875)	No	Retired [i] [17]
		James T. Rapier (1837–1883)	Alabama's 2nd	March 4, 1873	March 3, 1875	Republican	43rd (1873–1875)	No	Lost reelection [18]
		Jeremiah Haralson (1846–1916)	Alabama's 1st	March 4, 1875	March 3, 1877	Republican	44th (1875–1877)	Yes	Lost reelection [19]
		John Adams Hyman (1840–1891)	North Carolina's 2nd	March 4, 1875	March 3, 1877	Republican	44th (1875–1877)	Yes	Lost renomination [j] [20]
		Charles E. Nash (1844–1913)	Louisiana's 6th	March 4, 1875	March 3, 1877	Republican	44th (1875–1877)	No	Lost reelection [k] [21]
		Robert Smalls (1839–1915)	South Carolina's 5th	March 4, 1875	March 3, 1879	Republican	44th (1875–1877)	Yes	Lost reelection [l] [23]
							45th (1877–1879)
				July 19, 1882	March 3, 1883		47th (1881–1883)		Lost reelection
			South Carolina's 7th	March 18, 1884	March 3, 1887		48th (1883–1885)		Retired
							49th (1885–1887)
		James E. O'Hara (1844–1905)	North Carolina's 2nd	March 4, 1883	March 3, 1887	Republican	48th (1883–1885)	No	Lost reelection [24]
							49th (1885–1887)

Late post-Reconstruction, Populist, and early Jim Crow era, 1887–1929

Political party

   Republican

Representative [a]			Congressional district	Took office	Left office	Party	Congress	Former slave?	Notes
		Henry P. Cheatham (1857–1935)	North Carolina's 2nd	March 4, 1889	March 3, 1893	Republican	51st (1889–1891)	Yes	Lost reelection [m] [25]
							52nd (1891–1893)
		John Mercer Langston (1829–1897)	Virginia's 4th	September 23, 1890	March 3, 1891	Republican	51st (1889–1891)	No	Lost reelection [n] [27]
		Thomas E. Miller (1849–1938)	South Carolina's 7th	September 24, 1890	March 3, 1891	Republican	51st (1889–1891)	No	Lost reelection [o] [28] [29]
		George W. Murray (1853–1926)	South Carolina's 7th	March 4, 1893	March 3, 1895	Republican	53rd (1893–1895)	Yes	Lost reelection [p] [31]
			South Carolina's 1st	June 4, 1896	March 3, 1897		54th (1895–1897)
		George Henry White (1852–1918)	North Carolina's 2nd	March 4, 1897	March 3, 1901	Republican	55th (1897–1899)	Yes	Retired [q] [32]
							56th (1899–1901)

Late Jim Crow and Civil Rights era, 1929–1970

Political parties

   Democratic    Republican

Representative [a]			Congressional district	Took office	Left office	Party	Congress	Notes
		Oscar Stanton De Priest (1871–1951)	Illinois's 1st	March 4, 1929	January 3, 1935	Republican	71st (1929–1931)	Lost reelection [r] [33]
							72nd (1931–1933)
							73rd (1933–1935)
		Arthur W. Mitchell (1883–1968)	Illinois's 1st	January 3, 1935	January 3, 1943	Democratic	74th (1935–1937)	Retired [s] [34]
							THRU
							77th (1941–1943)
		William L. Dawson (1886–1970)	Illinois's 1st	January 3, 1943	November 9, 1970	Democratic	78th (1943–1945)	Died in office [35]
							THRU
							91st (1969–1971)
		Adam Clayton Powell Jr. (1908–1972)	New York's 22nd	January 3, 1945	January 3, 1953	Democratic	79th (1945–1947)	Lost renomination [t] [36]
							THRU
							82nd (1951–1953)
			New York's 16th	January 3, 1953	January 3, 1963		83rd (1953–1955)
							THRU
							87th (1961–1963)
			New York's 18th	January 3, 1963	February 28, 1967		88th (1963–1965)
							89th (1965–1967)
							90th (1967–1969)
				April 11, 1967	January 3, 1971
							91st (1969–1971)
		Charles Diggs (1922–1998)	Michigan's 13th	January 3, 1955	June 3, 1980	Democratic	84th (1955–1957)	Resigned after being convicted of mail fraud [u] [37]
							THRU
							96th (1979–1981)
		Robert N. C. Nix Sr. (1898–1987)	Pennsylvania's 4th	June 4, 1958	January 3, 1963	Democratic	85th (1957–1959)	Lost renomination [v] [38]
							THRU
							87th (1961–1963)
			Pennsylvania's 2nd	January 3, 1963	January 3, 1979		88th (1963–1965)
							THRU
							95th (1977–1979)
		Augustus F. Hawkins (1907–2007)	California's 21st	January 3, 1963	January 3, 1975	Democratic	88th (1963–1965)	Retired [w] [39]
							THRU
							93rd (1973–1975)
			California's 29th	January 3, 1975	January 3, 1991		94th (1975–1977)
							THRU
							101st (1989–1991)
		John Conyers (1929–2019)	Michigan's 1st	January 3, 1965	January 3, 1993	Democratic	89th (1965–1967)	Resigned after being accused of sexual harassment. [x] [40]
							THRU
							102nd (1991–1993)
			Michigan's 14th	January 3, 1993	January 3, 2013		103rd (1993–1995)
							THRU
							112th (2011–2013)
			Michigan's 13th	January 3, 2013	December 5, 2017		113th (2013–2015)
							THRU
							115th (2017–2019)
		Shirley Chisholm (1924–2005)	New York's 12th	January 3, 1969	January 3, 1983	Democratic	91st (1969–1971)	Retired [y] [41]
							THRU
							97th (1981–1983)
		Bill Clay (born 1931)	Missouri's 1st	January 3, 1969	January 3, 2001	Democratic	91st (1969–1971)	Retired [z] [42]
							THRU
							106th (1999–2001)
		Louis Stokes (1925–2015)	Ohio's 21st	January 3, 1969	January 3, 1993	Democratic	91st (1969–1971)	Retired [aa] [43]
							THRU
							102nd (1991–1993)
			Ohio's 11th	January 3, 1993	January 3, 1999		103rd (1993–1995)
							THRU
							105th (1997–1999)
		George W. Collins (1925–1972)	Illinois's 6th	November 3, 1970	December 8, 1972	Democratic	91st (1969–1971)	Died in office [ab] [44]
							92nd (1971–1973)

Modern era, 1971–present

Representatives

Political parties

   Democratic    Republican

Representative [a]			Congressional district	Took office	Left office	Party	Congress	Notes
		Ron Dellums (1935–2018)	California's 7th	January 3, 1971	January 3, 1975	Democratic	92nd (1971–1973)	Resigned [ac] [45]
							93rd (1973–1975)
			California's 8th	January 3, 1975	January 3, 1993		94th (1975–1977)
							THRU
							102nd (1991–1993)
			California's 9th	January 3, 1993	February 6, 1998		103rd (1993–1995)
							THRU
							105th (1997–1999)
		Ralph Metcalfe (1910–1978)	Illinois's 1st	January 3, 1971	October 10, 1978	Democratic	92nd (1971–1973)	Died in office [ad] [48]
							THRU
							95th (1977–1979)
		Parren Mitchell (1922–2007)	Maryland's 7th	January 3, 1971	January 3, 1987	Democratic	92nd (1971–1973)	Retired to run unsuccessfully for Lieutenant Governor of Maryland. [ae] [49]
							THRU
							99th (1985–1987)
		Charles Rangel (born 1930)	New York's 18th	January 3, 1971	January 3, 1973	Democratic	92nd (1971–1973)	Retired [af] [50]
			New York's 19th	January 3, 1973	January 3, 1983		93rd (1973–1975)
							THRU
							97th (1981–1983)
			New York's 16th	January 3, 1983	January 3, 1993		98th (1983–1985)
							THRU
							102nd (1991–1993)
			New York's 15th	January 3, 1993	January 3, 2013		103rd (1993–1995)
							THRU
							112th (2011–2013)
			New York's 13th	January 3, 2013	January 3, 2017		113th (2013–2015)
							114th (2015–2017)
		Yvonne Brathwaite Burke (born 1932)	California's 37th	January 3, 1973	January 3, 1975	Democratic	93rd (1973–1975)	Retired to run unsuccessfully for Attorney General of California. [ag] [51]
			California's 28th	January 3, 1975	January 3, 1979		94th (1975–1977)
							95th (1977–1979)
		Barbara Jordan (1936–1996)	Texas's 18th	January 3, 1973	January 3, 1979	Democratic	93rd (1973–1975)	Retired [ah] [52]
							94th (1975–1977)
							95th (1977–1979)
		Andrew Young (born 1932)	Georgia's 5th	January 3, 1973	January 29, 1977	Democratic	93rd (1973–1975)	Resigned to become the United States Ambassador to the United Nations. [ai] [53]
							94th (1975–1977)
							95th (1977–1979)
		Cardiss Collins (1931–2013)	Illinois's 7th	June 5, 1973	January 3, 1997	Democratic	93rd (1973–1975)	Retired [aj] [54]
							THRU
							104th (1995–1997)
		Harold Ford Sr. (born 1945)	Tennessee's 8th	January 3, 1975	January 3, 1983	Democratic	94th (1975–1977)	Retired [ak] [55]
							THRU
							97th (1981–1983)
			Tennessee's 9th	January 3, 1983	January 3, 1997		98th (1983–1985)
							THRU
							104th (1995–1997)
		Julian Dixon (1934–2000)	California's 28th	January 3, 1979	January 3, 1993	Democratic	96th (1979–1981)	Died in office [al] [56]
							THRU
							102nd (1991–1993)
			California's 32nd	January 3, 1993	December 8, 2000		103rd (1993–1995)
							THRU
							106th (1999–2001)
		William H. Gray III (1941–2013)	Pennsylvania's 2nd	January 3, 1979	September 11, 1991	Democratic	96th (1979–1981)	Resigned to become President of the United Negro College Fund. [am] [57]
							THRU
							102nd (1991–1993)
		Mickey Leland (1944–1989)	Texas's 18th	January 3, 1979	August 7, 1989	Democratic	96th (1979–1981)	Died in office [an] [58]
							THRU
							101st (1989–1991)
		Bennett Stewart (1912–1988)	Illinois's 1st	January 3, 1979	January 3, 1981	Democratic	96th (1979–1981)	Lost renomination [59]
		George Crockett Jr. (1909–1997)	Michigan's 13th	November 4, 1980	January 3, 1991	Democratic	96th (1979–1981)	Retired [ao] [60]
							THRU
							101st (1989–1991)
		Mervyn Dymally (1926–2012)	California's 31st	January 3, 1981	January 3, 1993	Democratic	97th (1981–1983)	Retired [ap] [61]
							THRU
							102nd (1991–1993)
		Gus Savage (1925–2015)	Illinois's 2nd	January 3, 1981	January 3, 1993	Democratic	97th (1981–1983)	Lost renomination. [62]
							THRU
							102nd (1991–1993)
		Harold Washington (1922–1987)	Illinois's 1st	January 3, 1981	April 30, 1983	Democratic	97th (1981–1983)	Resigned to become Mayor of Chicago [63]
							98th (1983–1985)
		Katie Hall (1938–2012)	Indiana's 1st	November 2, 1982	January 3, 1985	Democratic	97th (1981–1983)	Lost renomination [aq] [64]
							98th (1983–1985)
		Major Owens (1936–2013)	New York's 12th	January 3, 1983	January 3, 1993	Democratic	98th (1983–1985)	Retired [65]
							THRU
							102nd (1991–1993)
			New York's 11th	January 3, 1993	January 3, 2007		103rd (1993–1995)
							THRU
							109th (2005–2007)
		Edolphus Towns (born 1934)	New York's 11th	January 3, 1983	January 3, 1993	Democratic	98th (1983–1985)	Retired [ar] [66]
							THRU
							102nd (1991–1993)
			New York's 10th	January 3, 1993	January 3, 2013		103rd (1993–1995)
							THRU
							112th (2011–2013)
		Alan Wheat (born 1951)	Missouri's 5th	January 3, 1983	January 3, 1995	Democratic	98th (1983–1985)	Retired to run unsuccessfully for the United States Senate [67]
							THRU
							103rd (1993–1995)
		Charles Hayes (1918–1997)	Illinois's 1st	August 23, 1983	January 3, 1993	Democratic	98th (1983–1985)	Lost renomination [as] [68]
							THRU
							102nd (1991–1993)
		Alton Waldon (1936–2023)	New York's 6th	June 10, 1986	January 3, 1987	Democratic	99th (1985–1987)	Lost renomination [at] [69]
		Mike Espy (born 1953)	Mississippi's 2nd	January 3, 1987	January 22, 1993	Democratic	100th (1987–1989)	Resigned to become the United States Secretary of Agriculture. [70]
							THRU
							103rd (1993–1995)
		Floyd Flake (born 1945)	New York's 6th	January 3, 1987	November 17, 1997	Democratic	100th (1987–1989)	Resigned to become a pastor at the Allen African Methodist Episcopal Church. [71]
							THRU
							105th (1997–1999)
		John Lewis (1940–2020)	Georgia's 5th	January 3, 1987	July 17, 2020	Democratic	100th (1987–1989)	Died in office [au] [72]
							THRU
							116th (2019–2021)
		Kweisi Mfume (born 1948)	Maryland's 7th	January 3, 1987	February 15, 1996	Democratic	100th (1987–1989)	Resigned to become Executive Director of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). [av] [73]
							THRU
							104th (1995–1997)
				May 5, 2020	Incumbent		116th (2019–2021)
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)
		Donald M. Payne (1934–2012)	New Jersey's 10th	January 3, 1989	March 6, 2012	Democratic	101st (1989–1991)	Died in office [aw] [74]
							THRU
							112th (2011–2013)
		Craig Washington (born 1941)	Texas's 18th	December 9, 1989	January 3, 1995	Democratic	101st (1989–1991)	Lost renomination [ax] [75]
							102nd (1991–1993)
							103rd (1993–1995)
		Barbara-Rose Collins (1939–2021)	Michigan's 13th	January 3, 1991	January 3, 1993	Democratic	102nd (1991–1993)	Lost renomination [76]
			Michigan's 15th	January 3, 1993	January 3, 1997		103rd (1993–1995)
							104th (1995–1997)
		Gary Franks (born 1953)	Connecticut's 5th	January 3, 1991	January 3, 1997	Republican	102nd (1991–1993)	Lost reelection [ay] [77]
							103rd (1993–1995)
							104th (1995–1997)
		William J. Jefferson (born 1947)	Louisiana's 2nd	January 3, 1991	January 3, 2009	Democratic	102nd (1991–1993)	Lost reelection after being indicted for bribery, of which he was later convicted. [78]
							THRU
							110th (2007–2009)
		Maxine Waters (born 1938)	California's 29th	January 3, 1991	January 3, 1993	Democratic	102nd (1991–1993)	[az] [79]
			California's 35th	January 3, 1993	January 3, 2013		103rd (1993–1995)
							THRU
							112th (2011–2013)
			California's 43rd	January 3, 2013	Incumbent		113th (2013–2015)
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)
		Lucien Blackwell (1931–2003)	Pennsylvania's 2nd	November 5, 1991	January 3, 1995	Democratic	102nd (1991–1993)	Lost renomination [ba] [80]
							103rd (1993–1995)
		Eva Clayton (born 1934)	North Carolina's 1st	November 3, 1992	January 3, 2003	Democratic	102nd (1991–1993)	Retired [bb] [81]
							THRU
							107th (2001–2003)
		Sanford Bishop (born 1947)	Georgia's 2nd	January 3, 1993	Incumbent	Democratic	103rd (1993–1995)	[82]
							THRU
							117th (2021–2023)
		Corrine Brown (born 1946)	Florida's 3rd	January 3, 1993	January 3, 2013	Democratic	103rd (1993–1995)	Lost renomination after being indicted for fraud and tax-evasion, of which she was later convicted [83]
							THRU
							112th (2011–2013)
			Florida's 5th	January 3, 2013	January 3, 2017		113th (2013–2015)
							114th (2015–2017)
		Jim Clyburn (born 1940)	South Carolina's 6th	January 3, 1993	Incumbent	Democratic	103rd (1993–1995)	[bc] [84]
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)
		Cleo Fields (born 1962)	Louisiana's 4th	January 3, 1993	January 3, 1997	Democratic	103rd (1993–1995)	Retired [bd] [85]
							104th (1995–1997)
		Alcee Hastings (1936–2021)	Florida's 23rd	January 3, 1993	January 3, 2013	Democratic	103rd (1993–1995)	Died in office [86] [87]
							THRU
							112th (2011–2013)
			Florida's 20th	January 3, 2013	April 6, 2021		113th (2013–2015)
							THRU
							117th (2021–2023)
		Earl Hilliard (born 1942)	Alabama's 7th	January 3, 1993	January 3, 2003	Democratic	103rd (1993–1995)	Lost renomination [88]
							THRU
							107th (2001–2003)
		Eddie Bernice Johnson (1934–2023)	Texas's 30th	January 3, 1993	January 3, 2023	Democratic	103rd (1993–1995)	Retired [be] [89]
							THRU
							117th (2021–2023)
		Cynthia McKinney (born 1955)	Georgia's 11th	January 3, 1993	January 3, 1997	Democratic	103rd (1993–1995)	Lost renomination in 2002 and 2006 [bf] [90]
							104th (1995–1997)
			Georgia's 4th	January 3, 1997	January 3, 2003		105th (1997–1999)
							THRU
							107th (2001–2003)
				January 3, 2005	January 3, 2007		109th (2005–2007)
		Carrie Meek (1926–2021)	Florida's 17th	January 3, 1993	January 3, 2003	Democratic	103rd (1993–1995)	Retired [bg] [91]
							THRU
							107th (2001–2003)
		Mel Reynolds (born 1952)	Illinois's 2nd	January 3, 1993	October 1, 1995	Democratic	103rd (1993–1995)	Resigned after being convicted on 12 counts of sexual assault, obstruction of justice and solicitation of child pornography and being sentenced to five years in prison. [92]
							104th (1995–1997)
		Bobby Rush (born 1946)	Illinois's 1st	January 3, 1993	January 3, 2023	Democratic	103rd (1993–1995)	Retired [93]
							THRU
							117th (2021–2023)
		Bobby Scott (born 1947)	Virginia's 3rd	January 3, 1993	Incumbent	Democratic	103rd (1993–1995)	[94]
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)
		Walter R. Tucker III (born 1957)	California's 37th	January 3, 1993	December 15, 1995	Democratic	103rd (1993–1995)	Resigned after being convicted of tax-evasion and extortion [bh] [95]
							104th (1995–1997)
		Mel Watt (born 1945)	North Carolina's 12th	January 3, 1993	January 6, 2014	Democratic	103rd (1993–1995)	Resigned to become Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency [bi] [96]
							THRU
							113th (2013–2015)
		Albert Wynn (born 1951)	Maryland's 4th	January 3, 1993	May 31, 2008	Democratic	103rd (1993–1995)	Resigned after losing renomination. [97]
							THRU
							110th (2007–2009)
		Bennie Thompson (born 1948)	Mississippi's 2nd	April 13, 1993	Incumbent	Democratic	103rd (1993–1995)	[bj] [98]
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)
		Chaka Fattah (born 1956)	Pennsylvania's 2nd	January 3, 1995	June 23, 2016	Democratic	104th (1995–1997)	Resigned following loss of renomination and convictions for racketeering, fraud, and money laundering. [99]
							THRU
							114th (2015–2017)
		Sheila Jackson Lee (1950–2024)	Texas's 18th	January 3, 1995	July 19, 2024	Democratic	104th (1995–1997)	Died in office. [100]
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)
		J. C. Watts (born 1957)	Oklahoma's 4th	January 3, 1995	January 3, 2003	Republican	104th (1995–1997)	Retired from office. [bk] [101]
							THRU
							107th (2001–2003)
		Jesse Jackson Jr. (born 1965)	Illinois's 2nd	December 12, 1995	November 21, 2012	Democratic	104th (1995–1997)	Resigned after being convicted of wire and mail fraud [bl] [102]
							THRU
							112th (2011–2013)
		Juanita Millender-McDonald (1938–2007)	California's 37th	March 26, 1996	April 22, 2007	Democratic	104th (1995–1997)	Died in office [bm] [103]
							THRU
							110th (2007–2009)
		Elijah Cummings (1951–2019)	Maryland's 7th	April 16, 1996	October 17, 2019	Democratic	104th (1995–1997)	Died in office [bn] [104]
							THRU
							116th (2019–2021)
		Julia Carson (1938–2007)	Indiana's 10th	January 3, 1997	January 3, 2003	Democratic	105th (1997–1999)	Died in office [bo] [105]
							THRU
							107th (2001–2003)
			Indiana's 7th	January 3, 2003	December 15, 2007		108th (2003–2005)
							THRU
							110th (2007–2009)
		Danny Davis (born 1941)	Illinois's 7th	January 3, 1997	Incumbent	Democratic	105th (1997–1999)	[106]
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)
		Harold Ford Jr. (born 1970)	Tennessee's 9th	January 3, 1997	January 3, 2007	Democratic	105th (1997–1999)	Retired to run unsuccessfully for the United States Senate [bp] [107]
							THRU
							109th (2005–2007)
		Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick (born 1945)	Michigan's 15th	January 3, 1997	January 3, 2003	Democratic	105th (1997–1999)	Lost renomination [bq] [108]
							THRU
							107th (2001–2003)
			Michigan's 13th	January 3, 2003	January 3, 2011		108th (2003–2005)
							THRU
							111th (2009–2011)
		Gregory Meeks (born 1953)	New York's 6th	February 3, 1998	January 3, 2013	Democratic	105th (1997–1999)	[br] [109]
							THRU
							112th (2011–2013)
			New York's 5th	January 3, 2013	Incumbent		113th (2013–2015)
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)
		Barbara Lee (born 1946)	California's 9th	April 7, 1998	January 3, 2013	Democratic	105th (1997–1999)	[bs] [110] Would forgo re-election to U.S. House of Representatives in 2024 to unsuccessfully run for U.S. Senate seat. [111]
							THRU
							112th (2011–2013)
			California's 13th	January 3, 2013	January 3, 2023		113th (2013–2015)
							THRU
							117th (2021–2023)
			California's 12th	January 3, 2023	Incumbent		118th (2023–2025)
		Stephanie Tubbs Jones (1949–2008)	Ohio's 11th	January 3, 1999	August 20, 2008	Democratic	106th (1999–2001)	Died in office [112]
							THRU
							110th (2007–2009)
		Lacy Clay (born 1956)	Missouri's 1st	January 3, 2001	January 3, 2021	Democratic	107th (2001–2003)	Lost renomination [bt] [113]
							THRU
							116th (2019–2021)
		Diane Watson (born 1933)	California's 32nd	June 5, 2001	January 3, 2003	Democratic	107th (2001–2003)	Retired [bu] [114]
			California's 33rd	January 3, 2003	January 3, 2011		108th (2003–2005)
							THRU
							111th (2009–2011)
		Frank Ballance (1942–2019)	North Carolina's 1st	January 3, 2003	June 11, 2004	Democratic	108th (2003–2005)	Resigned after being convicted of mail fraud and money laundering [115]
		Artur Davis (born 1967)	Alabama's 7th	January 3, 2003	January 3, 2011	Democratic	108th (2003–2005)	Retired to run unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination for Governor of Alabama. [bv] [116]
							THRU
							111th (2009–2011)
		Denise Majette (born 1955)	Georgia's 4th	January 3, 2003	January 3, 2005	Democratic	108th (2003–2005)	Retired from office to run unsuccessfully for the United States Senate [117]
		Kendrick Meek (born 1966)	Florida's 17th	January 3, 2003	January 3, 2011	Democratic	108th (2003–2005)	Retired from office to run unsuccessfully for the United States Senate [bw] [118]
							THRU
							111th (2009–2011)
		David Scott (born 1945)	Georgia's 13th	January 3, 2003	Incumbent	Democratic	108th (2003–2005)	[119]
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)
		G. K. Butterfield (born 1947)	North Carolina's 1st	July 20, 2004	January 3, 2023	Democratic	108th (2003–2005)	Retired [bx] [120]
							THRU
							117th (2021–2023)
		Emanuel Cleaver (born 1944)	Missouri's 5th	January 3, 2005	Incumbent	Democratic	109th (2005–2007)	[by] [121]
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)
		Al Green (born 1947)	Texas's 9th	January 3, 2005	Incumbent	Democratic	109th (2005–2007)	[122]
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)
		Gwen Moore (born 1951)	Wisconsin's 4th	January 3, 2005	Incumbent	Democratic	109th (2005–2007)	[bz]
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)
		Yvette Clarke (born 1964)	New York's 11th	January 3, 2007	January 3, 2013	Democratic	110th (2007–2009)	[124]
							THRU
							112th (2011–2013)
			New York's 9th	January 3, 2013	Incumbent		113th (2013–2015)
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)
		Keith Ellison (born 1963)	Minnesota's 5th	January 3, 2007	January 3, 2019	Democratic	110th (2007–2009)	Retired to run successfully for Attorney General of Minnesota [ca] [125]
							THRU
							115th (2017–2019)
		Hank Johnson (born 1954)	Georgia's 4th	January 3, 2007	Incumbent	Democratic	110th (2007–2009)	[126]
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)
		Laura Richardson (born 1962)	California's 37th	August 21, 2007	January 3, 2013	Democratic	110th (2007–2009)	Lost reelection [cb] [127]
							111th (2009–2011)
							112th (2011–2013)
		André Carson (born 1974)	Indiana's 7th	March 11, 2008	Incumbent	Democratic	110th (2007–2009)	[cc] [128]
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)
		Donna Edwards (born 1958)	Maryland's 4th	June 17, 2008	January 3, 2017	Democratic	110th (2007–2009)	Retired to run unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination for the United States Senate [cd] [129]
							THRU
							114th (2015–2017)
		Marcia Fudge (born 1952)	Ohio's 11th	November 18, 2008	March 10, 2021	Democratic	110th (2007–2009)	Resigned to become Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. [ce] [130]
							THRU
							117th (2021–2023)
		Karen Bass (born 1953)	California's 33rd	January 3, 2011	January 3, 2013	Democratic	112th (2011–2013)	Resigned to become the Mayor of Los Angeles [cf] [131]
			California's 37th	January 3, 2013	December 9, 2022		113th (2013–2015)
							THRU
							117th (2021–2023)
		Hansen Clarke (born 1957)	Michigan's 13th	January 3, 2011	January 3, 2013	Democratic	112th (2011–2013)	Lost renomination [132]
		Cedric Richmond (born 1973)	Louisiana's 2nd	January 3, 2011	January 15, 2021	Democratic	112th (2011–2013)	Resigned to become Senior Advisor to the President and Director of the Office of Public Engagement [cg] [133]
							THRU
							117th (2021–2023)
		Tim Scott (born 1965)	South Carolina's 1st	January 3, 2011	January 2, 2013	Republican	112th (2011–2013)	After winning reelection, was appointed to the United States Senate and resigned early to take the Senate seat. [ch] [134]
		Terri Sewell (born 1965)	Alabama's 7th	January 3, 2011	Incumbent	Democratic	112th (2011–2013)	[ci] [135]
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)
		Allen West (born 1961)	Florida's 22nd	January 3, 2011	January 3, 2013	Republican	112th (2011–2013)	Lost reelection [136]
		Frederica Wilson (born 1942)	Florida's 17th	January 3, 2011	January 3, 2013	Democratic	112th (2011–2013)	[137]
			Florida's 24th	January 3, 2013	Incumbent		113th (2013–2015)
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)
		Donald Payne Jr. (1958–2024)	New Jersey's 10th	November 6, 2012	April 24, 2024	Democratic	112th (2011–2013)	Died in office [cj] [138]
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)
		Joyce Beatty (born 1950)	Ohio's 3rd	January 3, 2013	Incumbent	Democratic	113th (2013–2015)	[ck] [139]
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)
		Steven Horsford (born 1973)	Nevada's 4th	January 3, 2013	January 3, 2015	Democratic	113th (2013–2015)	Lost reelection [cl] [140]
				January 3, 2019	Incumbent		116th (2019–2021)
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)
		Hakeem Jeffries (born 1970)	New York's 8th	January 3, 2013	Incumbent	Democratic	113th (2013–2015)	[cm] [141]
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)
		Marc Veasey (born 1971)	Texas's 33rd	January 3, 2013	Incumbent	Democratic	113th (2013–2015)	[142]
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)
		Robin Kelly (born 1956)	Illinois's 2nd	April 9, 2013	Incumbent	Democratic	113th (2013–2015)	[cn] [143]
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)
		Alma Adams (born 1946)	North Carolina's 12th	November 12, 2014	Incumbent	Democratic	113th (2013–2015)	[co] [144]
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)
		Bonnie Watson Coleman (born 1945)	New Jersey's 12th	January 3, 2015	Incumbent	Democratic	114th (2015–2017)	[145]
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)
		Will Hurd (born 1977)	Texas's 23rd	January 3, 2015	January 3, 2021	Republican	114th (2015–2017)	Retired [146]
							115th (2017–2019)
							116th (2019–2021)
		Brenda Lawrence (born 1954)	Michigan's 14th	January 3, 2015	January 3, 2023	Democratic	114th (2015–2017)	Retired [147]
							THRU
							117th (2021–2023)
		Mia Love (born 1975)	Utah's 4th	January 3, 2015	January 3, 2019	Republican	114th (2015–2017)	Lost reelection [cp] [149]
							115th (2017–2019)
		Dwight Evans (born 1954)	Pennsylvania's 2nd	November 8, 2016	January 3, 2019	Democratic	114th (2015–2017)	[cq] [150]
							115th (2017–2019)
			Pennsylvania's 3rd	January 3, 2019	Incumbent		116th (2019–2021)
							118th (2023–2025)
		Anthony Brown (born 1961)	Maryland's 4th	January 3, 2017	January 3, 2023	Democratic	115th (2017–2019)	Retired to successfully run for Attorney General of Maryland [151]
							116th (2019–2021)
							117th (2021–2023)
		Val Demings (born 1957)	Florida's 10th	January 3, 2017	January 3, 2023	Democratic	115th (2017–2019)	Retired to unsuccessfully run for United States Senate [152]
							116th (2019–2021)
							117th (2021–2023)
		Al Lawson (born 1948)	Florida's 5th	January 3, 2017	January 3, 2023	Democratic	115th (2017–2019)	Lost reelection after redistricting [153]
							116th (2019–2021)
							117th (2021–2023)
		Donald McEachin (1961–2022)	Virginia's 4th	January 3, 2017	November 28, 2022	Democratic	115th (2017–2019)	Died in office [154]
							116th (2019–2021)
							117th (2021–2023)
		Lisa Blunt Rochester (born 1962)	Delaware's at-large	January 3, 2017	Incumbent	Democratic	115th (2017–2019)	Retired to run successfully for the U.S. Senate. [cr] [155] [156]
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)
		Brenda Jones (born 1959)	Michigan's 13th	November 29, 2018	January 3, 2019	Democratic	115th (2017–2019)	Lost nomination to the next term [cs] [157]
		Colin Allred (born 1983)	Texas's 32nd	January 3, 2019	Incumbent	Democratic	116th (2019–2021)	Retired to run unsuccessfully for the U.S. Senate. [158]
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)
		Antonio Delgado (born 1977)	New York's 19th	January 3, 2019	May 25, 2022	Democratic	116th (2019–2021)	Resigned to become Lieutenant Governor of New York.
							117th (2021–2023)
		Jahana Hayes (born 1973)	Connecticut's 5th	January 3, 2019	Incumbent	Democratic	116th (2019–2021)	[ct] [159]
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)
		Lucy McBath (born 1960)	Georgia's 6th	January 3, 2019	January 3, 2023	Democratic	116th (2019–2021)	[160]
							117th (2021–2023)
			Georgia's 7th	January 3, 2023	Incumbent		118th (2023–2025)
		Joe Neguse (born 1984)	Colorado's 2nd	January 3, 2019	Incumbent	Democratic	116th (2019–2021)	[cu] [161] [162]
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)
		Ilhan Omar (born 1981)	Minnesota's 5th	January 3, 2019	Incumbent	Democratic	116th (2019–2021)	[cv] [163]
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)
		Ayanna Pressley (born 1974)	Massachusetts's 7th	January 3, 2019	Incumbent	Democratic	116th (2019–2021)	[cw] [164]
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)
		Lauren Underwood (born 1986)	Illinois's 14th	January 3, 2019	Incumbent	Democratic	116th (2019–2021)	[165]
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)
		Kwanza Hall (born 1971)	Georgia's 5th	December 3, 2020	January 3, 2021	Democratic	116th (2019–2021)	Retired [cx] [166]
		Jamaal Bowman (born 1976)	New York's 16th	January 3, 2021	Incumbent	Democratic	117th (2021–2023)	[167] Lost renomination in 2024 primary. [168]
							118th (2023–2025)
		Cori Bush (born 1976)	Missouri's 1st	January 3, 2021	Incumbent	Democratic	117th (2021–2023)	[cy] [169] Lost renomination in 2024 primary. [170]
							118th (2023–2025)
		Byron Donalds (born 1978)	Florida's 19th	January 3, 2021	Incumbent	Republican	117th (2021–2023)	[171]
							118th (2023–2025)
		Mondaire Jones (born 1987)	New York's 17th	January 3, 2021	January 3, 2023	Democratic	117th (2021–2023)	Lost renomination after redistricting [172]
		Burgess Owens (born 1951)	Utah's 4th	January 3, 2021	Incumbent	Republican	117th (2021–2023)	[173]
							118th (2023–2025)
		Marilyn Strickland (born 1962)	Washington's 10th	January 3, 2021	Incumbent	Democratic	117th (2021–2023)	[cz] [174]
							118th (2023–2025)
		Ritchie Torres (born 1988)	New York's 15th	January 3, 2021	Incumbent	Democratic	117th (2021–2023)	[da] [175] [176]
							118th (2023–2025)
		Nikema Williams (born 1978)	Georgia's 5th	January 3, 2021	Incumbent	Democratic	117th (2021–2023)	[177]
							118th (2023–2025)
		Troy Carter (born 1963)	Louisiana's 2nd	May 11, 2021	Incumbent	Democratic	117th (2021–2023)	[db] [178]
							118th (2023–2025)
		Shontel Brown (born 1975)	Ohio's 11th	November 4, 2021	Incumbent	Democratic	117th (2021–2023)	[dc] [179]
							118th (2023–2025)
		Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick (born 1979)	Florida's 20th	January 18, 2022	Incumbent	Democratic	117th (2021–2023)	[dd] [180]
							118th (2023–2025)
		Jasmine Crockett (born 1981)	Texas's 30th	January 3, 2023	Incumbent	Democratic	118th (2023–2025)
		Don Davis (born 1971)	North Carolina's 1st	January 3, 2023	Incumbent	Democratic	118th (2023–2025)
		Valerie Foushee (born 1956)	North Carolina's 4th	January 3, 2023	Incumbent	Democratic	118th (2023–2025)
		Maxwell Frost (born 1997)	Florida's 10th	January 3, 2023	Incumbent	Democratic	118th (2023–2025)	[de] [181]
		Wesley Hunt (born 1981)	Texas's 38th	January 3, 2023	Incumbent	Republican	118th (2023–2025)
		Glenn Ivey (born 1971)	Maryland's 4th	January 3, 2023	Incumbent	Democratic	118th (2023–2025)
		Jonathan Jackson (born 1966)	Illinois's 1st	January 3, 2023	Incumbent	Democratic	118th (2023–2025)
		John James (born 1981)	Michigan's 10th	January 3, 2023	Incumbent	Republican	118th (2023–2025)	[182]
		Sydney Kamlager-Dove (born 1972)	California's 37th	January 3, 2023	Incumbent	Democratic	118th (2023–2025)	[183]
		Summer Lee (born 1987)	Pennsylvania's 12th	January 3, 2023	Incumbent	Democratic	118th (2023–2025)	[df] [184]
		Emilia Sykes (born 1986)	Ohio's 13th	January 3, 2023	Incumbent	Democratic	118th (2023–2025)
		Jennifer McClellan (born 1972)	Virginia's 4th	March 7, 2023	Incumbent	Democratic	118th (2023–2025)	[dg] [185]
		Gabe Amo (born 1987)	Rhode Island's 1st	November 13, 2023	Incumbent	Democratic	118th (2023–2025)	[dh] [186]
		LaMonica McIver (born 1986)	New Jersey's 10th	September 23, 2024	Incumbent	Democratic	118th (2023–2025)	[di] [187]
		Erica Lee Carter (born 1980)	Texas's 18th	November 12, 2024	Incumbent	Democratic	118th (2023–2025)	[dj] [188]

Representatives–elect

Representative–elect			Congressional District	Expected date to take office	Party	Ref.	Note
		Wesley Bell (born 1974)	Missouri's 1st	January 3, 2025	Democratic	[189]
		Janelle Bynum (born 1975)	Oregon's 5th	January 3, 2025	Democratic	[190]
		Herb Conaway (born 1963)	New Jersey's 3rd	January 3, 2025	Democratic	[191]
		Cleo Fields (born 1962)	Louisiana's 6th	January 3, 2025	Democratic	[192]
		Shomari Figures (born 1986)	Alabama's 2nd	January 3, 2025	Democratic	[193]
		Lateefah Simon (born 1977)	California's 12th	January 3, 2025	Democratic	[194]
		Sylvester Turner (born 1954)	Texas's 18th	January 3, 2025	Democratic	[195]

House delegates (non-voting members)

Political parties

   Democratic    Republican    Independent

Delegate [dk]			Congressional district	Took office	Left office	Party	Congress	Notes
		Walter Fauntroy (born 1933)	District of Columbia's at-large	March 23, 1971	January 3, 1991	Democratic	92nd (1971–1973)	Retired to run unsuccessfully for Mayor of the District of Columbia. [dl] [196]
							THRU
							101st (1989–1991)
		Melvin H. Evans (1917–1984)	Virgin Islands' at-large	January 3, 1979	January 3, 1981	Republican	96th (1979–1981)	Lost reelection [dm] [197]
		Eleanor Holmes Norton (born 1937)	District of Columbia's at-large	January 3, 1991	Incumbent	Democratic	102nd (1991–1993)	[198]
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)
		Victor O. Frazer (born 1943)	Virgin Islands' at-large	January 3, 1995	January 3, 1997	Independent	104th (1995–1997)	Lost reelection [199]
		Donna Christian-Christensen (born 1945)	Virgin Islands' at-large	January 3, 1997	January 3, 2015	Democratic	105th (1997–1999)	Retired to run unsuccessfully for Governor of Virgin Islands. [dn] [200]
							THRU
							113th (2013–2015)
		Stacey Plaskett (born 1966)	Virgin Islands' at-large	January 3, 2015	Incumbent	Democratic	114th (2015–2017)	[201]
							THRU
							118th (2023–2025)

African Americans elected to the House of Representatives, but not seated

Political party

   Republican

Representative–elect			Congressional district	Year elected	Party	Congress	Former slave?	Notes
		John Willis Menard (1838–1893)	Louisiana's 2nd	1868	Republican	41st (1869–1871)	No	Denied seat due to a contested election that involved white Democrat Caleb S. Hunt, but was permitted to address the House while in session, the first African American to do so. [do] [203]
		Samuel Peters (1835–1873)	Louisiana's 4th	1872	Republican	43rd (1873–1875)	No	Died on September 26, 1873, before the U.S. House of Representatives for the 43rd Congress was assembled. [204]
		P. B. S. Pinchback (1837–1921)	Louisiana's at-large	1872	Republican	43rd (1873–1875)	No	Denied seat due to a contested election that involved white Liberal Republican George A. Sheridan. [205] [206]

See also

Federal government

• United States portal
• Politics portal

• African Americans in the United States Congress
  • List of African-American United States senators
  • Congressional Black Caucus
  • Congressional Black Caucus Foundation
• List of African American United States Cabinet members

State and local government

• African American officeholders in the United States, 1789–1866
• List of African American U.S. state firsts
• List of first African American mayors

Notes

1. Representatives are organized first in chronological order according to their first term in office, then second in alphabetical order according to their surname.
2. Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Benjamin Whittemore. First African American to serve in the United States House of Representatives and the first to serve in Congress from South Carolina.
3. Elected to fill vacancy caused by the House of Representatives denial to seat Samuel F. Gove. First African American to serve in Congress from Georgia.
4. The seat remained vacant until March 1873.
5. Elected in November 1874 to the South Carolina House of Representatives.
6. First African American to serve in Congress from Alabama.
7. First African American to serve in Congress from Florida.
8. Seated in Congress after contested election that involved James Chalmers in 1882. ^[15] First African American to serve in the United States House of Representatives from Mississippi. Youngest member of the 43rd United States Congress at age 26.
9. Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina (1870-1872)
10. First African American to serve in Congress from North Carolina.
11. First African American to serve in Congress from Louisiana.
12. Seated in Congress after contested election that involved George Tillman in 1882. ^[22] Elected in 1884 to fill vacancy caused by death of Edmund Mackey.
13. Brother-in-law of George Henry White.
14. Seated in Congress after the contested election that involved Edward Venable in September 1890. ^[26] First African American to serve in Congress from Virginia.
15. Seated in Congress after contested election that involved William Elliott in September 1890.
16. Seated in Congress after contested election that involved William Elliott in June 1896. ^[30] Distant relative of Jim Clyburn.
17. Brother-in-law of Henry P. Cheatham. The last African American to serve in Congress from a Southern state until Barbara Jordan from Texas and Andrew Young from Georgia in 1973.
18. First African American to serve in Congress from Illinois and the first to serve from outside the Southern states.
19. First African American to be elected to Congress as a member of the Democratic party.
20. Excluded from membership in the 90th United States Congress in February 1967. Reelected to fill vacancy caused by exclusion from membership, but did not take oath of office. First African American to serve in Congress from New York.
21. First African American to serve in Congress from Michigan. The first person to serve as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 91st United States Congress during the first session.
22. Elected to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of Earl Chudoff in 1958. First African American to serve in Congress from Pennsylvania.
23. First African American to serve in Congress from California.
24. First African American to become Dean of the United States House of Representatives.
25. First African-American woman to serve in Congress and the first African-American woman to run as a presidential candidate in 1972.
26. His son, Lacy Clay, succeeded him in office. First African American to serve in Congress from Missouri.
27. First African American to serve in Congress from Ohio. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 92nd United States Congress during the second session and in the 93rd United States Congress during the first session.
28. Elected to Congress to fill vacancy caused by the death of Daniel Ronan. Collins's wife, Cardiss Collins, filled the vacancy caused by his death.
29. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 101st United States Congress.
30. First African-American Catholic in the United States Congress. Metcalfe converted to the Catholic Church in 1932, while an undergraduate at Marquette University. ^{[46] [47]}
31. First African American to serve in Congress from Maryland. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 95th United States Congress.
32. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 93rd United States Congress during the second session and in the 94th United States Congress during the first session.
33. First woman to serve as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 94th United States Congress during the second session.
34. First African American to serve in Congress from Texas. Along with Andrew Young from Georgia, the first African American to serve in Congress from a Southern state since George Henry White from North Carolina in 1901.
35. Along with Barbara Jordan from Texas, the first African American to serve in Congress from a Southern state since George Henry White from North Carolina in 1901.
36. Elected to fill vacancy caused by the death of her husband, George W. Collins. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 96th United States Congress.
37. His son, Harold Ford Jr. succeeded him in office. First African American to serve in Congress from Tennessee.
38. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 98th United States Congress.
39. Served as chair for the House Democratic Caucus during the 101st United States Congress and House Democratic Whip during the 102nd United States Congress.
40. Served as chair for the Congressional Black Caucus in the 99th United States Congress.
41. Elected to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of Charles Diggs.
42. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 100th United States Congress.
43. Elected to Congress to fill vacancy caused by the death of Adam Benjamin Jr. First African American to serve in Congress from Indiana.
44. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 102nd United States Congress.
45. Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Harold Washington.
46. Elected to Congress to fill vacancy caused by the death of Joseph Addabbo.
47. Served as Democratic chief whip in the 102nd through 109th Congresses. Also, served as the Democratic Senior Chief Deputy Whip in the 110th through 112th Congresses.
48. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 103rd United States Congress. Also, served as co-chair of the Democratic Policy Committee in the 104th United States Congress. Subsequently elected to fill vacancy caused by death of Elijah Cummings.
49. His son, Donald Payne Jr., succeeded him in office. First African American to serve in Congress from New Jersey. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 104th United States Congress.
50. Elected to office to fill vacancy caused by death of Mickey Leland.
51. First African American to serve in Congress from Connecticut.
52. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 105th United States Congress. Served as vice chair of the Democratic Steering Committee in the 105th through 108th Congresses. Served as Democratic chief deputy whip in the 106th through 112th Congresses.
53. Elected to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of William H. Gray.
54. Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of Walter B. Jones Sr. Served as co-chair of the Democratic Policy Committee in the 104th United States Congress.
55. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 106th United States Congress. Served as vice chair of the House Democratic Caucus in the 108th through 109th Congresses. Served as House majority whip in the 110th through 111th Congresses. Served as the Assistant Democratic Leader in the 112th United States Congress. Distant relative of George W. Murray.
56. Youngest member of the 103rd United States Congress at age 30.
57. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 107th United States Congress.
58. First African-American woman to serve in Congress from Georgia.
59. Her son, Kendrick Meek, succeeded her in office.
60. Tucker was sentenced to 27 months in prison.
61. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 109th United States Congress.
62. Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Mike Espy.
63. First African American to serve in Congress from Oklahoma. Served as chair of the House Republican Conference in the 106th through 107th Congresses.
64. He was sentenced to 30 months in federal prison. Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Mel Reynolds.
65. Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Walter Tucker.
66. Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Kweisi Mfume. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 108th United States Congress.
67. Carson's grandson, André Carson, filled the vacancy caused by her death.
68. Succeeded his father, Harold Ford Sr., in office. Youngest member of the 105th United States Congress at age 26.
69. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 110th United States Congress.
70. Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Floyd H. Flake.
71. Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Ron Dellums. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 111th United States Congress.
72. Succeeded his father, Bill Clay, in office.
73. Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of Julian C. Dixon.
74. Became a member of the Republican Party in 2012.
75. Succeeded his mother, Carrie P. Meek, in office.
76. Elected to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of Frank Ballance. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 114th United States Congress.
77. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 112th United States Congress.
78. First African American to serve in Congress from Wisconsin. ^[123]
79. First African American to serve in Congress from Minnesota and the first Muslim to serve in Congress.
80. Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of Juanita Millender-McDonald. In 2012 was reprimanded due to use of Congressional office staff in 2010 House election campaign.
81. Elected to fill vacancy caused by the death of his grandmother, Julia Carson.
82. Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Albert Wynn.
83. Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of Stephanie Tubbs Jones. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 113th United States Congress.
84. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 116th United States Congress.
85. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 115th United States Congress.
86. Served as Republican assistant majority whip in the 112th United States Congress. First African American to serve in both chambers of the United States Congress.
87. Served as Democratic senior whip in the 112th United States Congress.
88. Elected to fill vacancy caused by the death of his father, Donald M. Payne.
89. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 117th United States Congress.
90. First African American to serve in Congress from Nevada.
91. First African-American to serve as party floor leader for either chamber of Congress
92. Elected to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of Jesse Jackson Jr.
93. Elected to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of Mel Watt.
94. First female African-American Republican to serve in Congress, first African American to serve in Congress from Utah and first Haitian American to serve in Congress. Also the first African-American Latter Day Saint elected to Congress after converting in 1998. ^[148]
95. Elected to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of Chaka Fattah.
96. First African American to serve in Congress from Delaware.
97. Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of John Conyers.
98. First African-American woman to serve in Congress from Connecticut.
99. First African American to serve in Congress from Colorado and first Eritrean American to serve in Congress.
100. First Somali-American to serve in Congress. Along with Rashida Tlaib, the first Muslim-American woman to serve in Congress.
101. First African-American woman to serve in Congress from Massachusetts.
102. Elected to fill vacancy caused by the death of John Lewis, for a term that ended at the conclusion of the 116th United States Congress on January 3, 2021.
103. First African-American woman to serve in Congress from Missouri.
104. First African American to serve in Congress from Washington. Also first Afro-Asian woman elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. ^[174]
105. First LGBTQ African American to serve in Congress. ^[175]
106. Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Cedric Richmond.
107. Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Marcia Fudge.
108. Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of Alcee Hastings.
109. Youngest member of the 118th United States Congress at age 25.
110. First African-American woman to serve in Congress from Pennsylvania.
111. Elected to fill vacancy caused by the death of re-elected Donald McEachin, for a term that already began at the opening of the 118th United States Congress on January 3, 2023. First African-American woman to serve in Congress from Virginia.
112. Elected to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of David Cicilline. First African American to serve in Congress from Rhode Island.
113. Elected to fill vacancy caused by the death of Donald Payne Jr..
114. Elected to fill vacancy caused by the death of her mother, Sheila Jackson Lee.
115. Delegates are organized first in chronological order according to their first term in office, then second in alphabetical order according to their surname.
116. First African American to serve as a delegate for the District of Columbia. Elected to serve in Congress after the District of Columbia was authorized to elect a Delegate by the District of Columbia Delegate Act of 1970. Served as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus in the 97th United States Congress.
117. First African American to serve in Congress from the Virgin Islands.
118. First woman elected to serve in Congress from the Virgin Islands.
119. Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of James Mann. ^[202] First African American elected to Congress, but denied seat.

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Further reading

• Christopher, Maurine (1971). America's Black Congressmen. Thomas Y. Crowell Company. ISBN   9780690085853.
• Clay, William L. (1992). Just Permanent Interests: Black Americans in Congress, 1870–1991. Amistad Press. ISBN   1-56743-000-7.
• Dray, Philip (2008). Capitol Men: The Epic Story of Reconstruction Through the Lives of the First Black Congressmen. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN   978-0-618-56370-8.
• Foner, Eric (1996). Freedom's Lawmakers: A Directory of Black Officeholders During Reconstruction. LSU Press. ISBN   9780807120828.
• Freedman, Eric; Jones, Stephen A. (2008). African Americans In Congress: A Documentary History . CQ Press. ISBN   9780872893856.
• Gill, LaVerne McCain (1997). African American Women in Congress: Forming and Transforming History. Rutgers University Press. ISBN   9780813523538.
• Hahn, Steven (2005). A Nation Under Our Feet: Black Political Struggles in the Rural South from Slavery to the Great Migration . Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN   9780674017658.
• Haskins, James (1999). Distinguished African American Political and Governmental Leaders. Oryx Press. ISBN   9781573561266.
• Lynch, Matthew (2012). Before Obama: A Reappraisal of Black Reconstruction Era Politicians. ABC-CLIO. ISBN   9780313397929.
• Middleton, Stephen (2002). Black Congressmen During Reconstruction: A Documentary Sourcebook. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN   9780313322815.
• Rabinowitz, Howard N., ed. (1982). Southern Black Leaders of the Reconstruction Era. University of Illinois Press. ISBN   9780252009723.
• Walton, Hanes Jr.; Puckett, Sherman C.; Deskins, Donald R. Jr. (2012). The African American Electorate: A Statistical History. Congressional Quarterly Press. ISBN   9780872895089.
• Wasniewski, Matthew, ed. (2008). Black Americans in Congress, 1870-2007. United States Government Printing Office. ISBN   9780160801945. The website, Black Americans in Congress maintained by the Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, serves as an ongoing supplement to the book. To download a free copy of the entire publication or a specific portion of the publication, see H. Doc. 108-224 - Black Americans in Congress 1870 - 2007. Made available by the United States Government Printing Office (GPO).

External links

• African American Members of the United States Congress: 1870–2018 A 51-page history produced by the Congressional Research Service, a legislative branch agency within the Library of Congress.
• Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774–present Perform search of desired representative or delegate by last name, first name, position, state, party, by year or congress.
• C-SPAN videos that discuss the history of African Americans in Congress:
  • Black Americans in Congress, 1870–2007 A C-SPAN video with Matthew Wasniewski, historian of the United States House of Representatives, as the presenter. He discusses the history of African Americans in Congress from 1870 to 2007. The video is 164 minutes in length.
  • African Americans in Congress in the 19th Century A C-SPAN video with Matthew Wasniewski and Farar Elliott, historian and curator respectively of the United States House of Representatives, as the presenters. They discuss the history of African Americans in Congress during the nineteenth century. The video is 28:54 minutes in length.
  • African Americans in Congress in the 20th Century A C-SPAN video with Ron Dellums, the former representative of the United States House of Representatives from California's 9th congressional district, and Matthew Wasniewski and Farar Elliott, historian and curator respectively of the United States House of Representatives, as the presenters. They discuss the history of African Americans in Congress during the twentieth century. The video is 43:59 minutes in length.
• Black Americans in Congress Maintained by the Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. The website serves as an ongoing supplement to the book, Black Americans in Congress, 1870–2007.
• Major African American Office Holders Since 1641 Includes a listing for the United States Senate. Maintained by Blackpast.org.