List of African-American neighborhoods

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

The list contains the names of cities, districts, and neighborhoods in the U.S. that are predominantly African American or that are strongly associated with African-American culture— either currently or historically. Included are areas that contain high concentrations of blacks or African Americans. Not counted are Afro-Caribbeans, Afro-Latinos, Afro-Asian, Afro-Indian, Afro-Polynesian, West African, and Sub-Saharan African immigrants.

The largest African-American community is in Atlanta, Georgia; followed by Washington, DC; Houston, Texas; Chicago, Illinois; Miami, Florida; ^{[1] [ circular reference ]} and Detroit, Michigan. ^[2] About 80 percent of the city population is African-American. A quarter of Metro Detroit (Macomb, Oakland and Wayne counties) are African-American.

Neighborhoods and Master Planned Communities

Alabama Birmingham 16th Street East Thomas Ensley North Birmingham Smithfield Titusville Black Belt of Alabama – 18 counties in Alabama, a total of 52% African-American population. [3] Hobson City Mobile Dauphin Square Leinkauf Montgomery Prichard Skyline White Hall Alaska Anchorage Fairbanks Arizona Arcadia, Maricopa County, Phoenix and Scottsdale, Arizona Chandler , Maricopa County Southeast of Phoenix, next to Gilbert Dunbar Spring Tucson, Pima County, Arizona Gilbert , Maricopa County Glendale, Maricopa County Goodyear, Maricopa County Marana, Pima County, Northwest of Tucson Paradise Valley Maricopa County Maryvale Phoenix Randolph, Pinal County (historical) Scottsdale Maricopa County Tempe, Maricopa County, Arizona Arkansas Altheimer Conway Cross Roads, Arkansas Dumas Gould Grady Helena and West Helena Jonesboro Lake Village Little Rock East Little Rock Southwest Pine Bluff Stuttgart West Memphis California Allensworth in Tulare County (historical) Antelope Valley [4] Avenal Bakersfield [5] Lakeview Oleander/Sunset Southwest Bakersfield Berkeley Lorin District South Berkeley West Berkeley Blacks Beach, Santa Monica (historic). Bruce's Beach, Manhattan Beach (historic). California City [6] Chowchilla Woodland Park, Chula Vista [7] Corcoran East Palo Alto – one of Silicon Valley's largest Black percentage cities, declined from a Black majority or plurality in 1970s and 1980s (17% from 2010) Emeryville Fairfield Tolenas Folsom (historic Negro Bar). Fresno Edison (Southwest Fresno) Hayward – communities found in Jackson Triangle, North Hayward, and Upper B Street areas. Hercules [8] Lake Elsinore – Yarborough neighborhood of Old Town. Riverside County – goes back to the 1880s when the city incorporated (historic). Long Beach Davenport Park Eastside North Ramona Park Westside Los Angeles Adams Lake (decreasingly black). Adams-Normandie Baldwin Hills (some in unincorporated county area) Bronzeville (historic) [9] Chesterfield Square Crenshaw Exposition Park Gramercy Park Green Meadows Hyde Park Jefferson Park Lafayette Square Lake View Terrace Leimert Park Manchester Square Mid City Normandie Gardens (Southwest Los Angeles) Pico-Union (historic, no longer very black) South of Interstate 10 in South L.A. (historic, now abandoned, called "Ghost Town") South Central (Florence/Normandie intersection site of 1992 riot) Venice (Oakwood) Vermont Knolls Vermont Square Vermont Vista Victoria Park Village Green Watts West Adams Westchester Los Angeles County Athens Bellflower Carson Compton (especially in Downtown Compton and Sunny Cove) "Freetown", Whittier Gardena Hawthorne Inglewood [10] Crenshaw-Imperial Hollywood Park Morningside Park [11] North Inglewood Ladera Heights Lake Los Angeles Lancaster [12] [4] Palmdale [4] Paramount Pomona [13] Sun Village View Park-Windsor Hills West Athens West Compton Westmont Willowbrook Marin City Merced Loughborough, North Merced Childs Ave, South Merced Glen Ave, East Merced Mojave Oakland [14] Acorn Projects Beulah (historic district) Broadway Auto Row Brookfield Village Bushrod Park Campbell Village Court Cypress Hill or "the Tree" (more Mexican and Latino). Chabot Park Cypress Village Dimond District Dogtown Downtown Oakland Eastmont East Oakland Elmhurst Ghost Town Golden Gate Havenscourt Lincoln Park/ Lincoln Square (more Chinese and Asian). Lockwood Gardens Longfellow Lower Bottoms Lower Oakland. Maxwell Park Millsmont North Oakland, which also includes Ethiopian and Eritrean American communities Ralph Bunche San Antonio Santa Fe Seminary Sequoyah Heights Sobrante Park West Oakland Pasadena (esp southwest side and South Pasadena) [15] Pinole Pittsburg Richmond Fairmede-Hilltop Iron Triangle Parchester Village Riverside – Blaine Park. East Side Riverside – along University and Chicago Avenues. North End Riverside. Raincross Square – downtown. University City. University Heights. Nearby cities: Blythe – (15% black) Crossley Tract, [16] Palm Springs extends to Cathedral City. Desert Highland, Palm Springs. [17] Desert Hot Springs. Dream Homes/Gateway, Cathedral City near Palm Springs. Mead Valley. Moreno Valley – (17% black). [4] Nobles Ranch near Indio Fashion Mall, Indio. North End, Palm Springs. Perris – esp. near March Air Base. Section 14, Palm Springs (historic, abandoned in the 1960s). West Indio (Nairobi Village) (limited). Sacramento Del Paso Heights Meadowview area. Natomas North Sacramento Oak Park Nearby cities: Elk Grove San Bernardino area – Downtown San Bernardino. Indian Springs, near Seccombe Lake Park. Mount Vernon Avenue. University District, San Bernardino (Kendall Farms and North Park). Waterman-North End. West Side San Bernardino. Nearby cities: Adelanto – 20.5% due to most leaving to San Bernardino County and the Victorville area. Alta Loma in Rancho Cucamonga. Barstow – concentrated in northeast Barstow along with Hispanics. Downtown Colton – among many Hispanics. Fontana – esp. north of Foothill Blvd. Highland. Muscoy – unincorporated. Rialto – esp. East side. Twentynine Palms near 29 Palms USMC Base. Victorville – esp. Eagle Ranch. west side Rancho Cucamonga. San Diego Broadway Heights Chollas View City Heights Emerald Hills Encanto Lincoln Park Mount Hope Mountain View North Park Skyline Southeast San Diego Valencia Park San Diego area- Calipatria Imperial Lemon Grove Oceanside (over 5%, Camp Pendleton). San Francisco Bayview-Hunters Point Fillmore District India Basin Ocean View Potrero Terrace Sunnydale Western Addition San Jose Alameda Street (gentrified in the 2000s). Almaden – formerly black area. Autumn Street/West Side (historic, no longer mostly black). Burbank, Santa Clara County, California/ Burbank District in San Jose. Northwest side – has the historic Coachella Valley Church. Bristol Street, McFadden Avenue, Raitt Street and Santa Ana Boulevard in Santa Ana [18] Santa Rosa - South Park (historic), and Black/Eritrean communities in Northcoast Street/Piner Road area Seaside Stockton [19] Downtown Stockton Kentfield Weberstown Suisun City (20%) – Solano County. Susanville Tehachapi Vallejo North Vallejo South Vallejo West Vallejo Val Verde resort (historic). Weed Lincoln Heights (mostly burned down in September 2022 fire; parts of Weed have some Black residents but fewer compared to mid-20th century when most of the Black community worked on the railroads). Mono Lake and nearby Bishop, Mammoth Lakes and Round Valley developed large Black percentages near the NV state line. Blythe, Big River, Havasu and Needles near the AZ state line. And towards Oregon (Siskiyou county) and the Mexican border (Imperial valley) Colorado Aurora Colorado Springs Southeast Colorado Springs Denver East Denver Five Points Montbello North Park Hill Northeast Park Hill Fountain Connecticut Bloomfield Blue Hills Bridgeport [20] Capaco Danbury North End, Hartford Middletown New Haven Hill Newhallville Fair Haven Beaver Hills New London Norwalk Stamford Waterbury District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.) Peaking at 75% black in the mid-1970s after five previous decades of the Great Migration increased the black population five-fold, DC is 46–49% black in 2018. DC remains the largest African-American percentage population of any state or territory in the mainland US. [ citation needed ] Adams Morgan Anacostia Arboretum Barry Farm Barney Circle Bellevue Benning Benning Ridge Brentwood Buena Vista Burrville Capitol Hill Carver Langston Central Northeast Civic Betterment Cleveland Park Congress Heights Deanwood Douglass Dupont Park Eastland Gardens Eckington Edgewood Fairfax Village Fairlawn Foggy Bottom Fort Davis Fort Dupont Fort Lincoln Garfield Heights Good Hope Greenway Hillbrook Hillcrest Ivy City Kenilworth Kingman Park Knox Hill Langdon Lincoln Heights Logan Circle Marshall Heights Mayfair Michigan Park Mount Pleasant Naylor Gardens North Michigan Park Northwest side (closer to Mount Pleasant) Penn Branch Petworth Randle Highlands River Terrace Riggs Park Shaw Shipley Terrace Skyland The Strivers' Section Sursum Corda Trinidad, Washington, D.C. Twining U Street Corridor Washington Highlands Woodland Woodridge Florida Angola Collier County Ave Maria Ave Maria East Dunbar, Fort Myers Fort Lauderdale Deepside Franklin Park Golden Heights Washington Park Gretna Hillsborough County Lutz, Florida New Tampa, Florida Riverview, Florida Ruskin, Florida Tampa Carver City-Lincoln Gardens, Tampa Central Tampa College Hill East Tampa, Florida * New Tampa, Florida West Tampa Valrico, Florida Westchase, Florida Wimauma, Florida Jacksonville Brooklyn [21] LaVilla Lee County Bonita Springs Cape Coral Fort Myers Miami and Miami-Dade County Brownsville Carol City Coconut Grove Goulds Liberty City Little Haiti Miami Gardens Model City Opa-locka Overtown Richmond Heights West Perrine Orange County Eatonville - highest percentage in FL. Orlando (Central section). Parramore, Orlando Pine Hills Tangelo Newtown, Palatka Kendall Green, Pompano Beach Palm Beach County Belle Glade Pahokee West Palm Beach Pasco County Wesley Chapel Polk County Moorehead, now the site of RP Funding Center Webster Park Prospect Bluff Historic Sites Riviera Beach Rosewood (historic) Fort Mose Historic State Park, St. Augustine Sanford Sea Islands (northern coast), home to the Gullah and Geechee peoples (African creoles). South Bay Frenchtown, Tallahassee St. Johns County St. Augustine Carver Ranches, West Park Georgia Atlanta - majority African-American. Adamsville Bankhead Ben Hill Camilla Cascade Heights College Park Collier Heights Conyers Covington Decatur - Dublin Duluth (20.2%) East Point Fairburn [22] Fort Valley Fulton County Gainesville Sandy Springs Kirkwood Lawrenceville Louisville Mableton Macon Marietta Mechanicsville Morrow Newnan (30.6%) Old Fourth Ward Palmetto (56.9%) Peachtree Corners (23.3%) Powder Springs Riverdale Russell Sandtown Smyrna Southwestern Atlanta Summerhill Sweet Auburn Union City Warner Robins Washington Park West End Albany [23] Augusta [24] Bellevue, Macon Cairo Clayton County Jonesboro Morrow Douglasville Hancock County Hinesville Jefferson County Lithonia Macon Savannah Sea Islands (southern coast), home to the Gullah and Geechee peoples (African creoles). Stewart County Stone Mountain Downtown Redan Stephenson Talbot County Idaho Mountain Home near Mountain Home AFB. Illinois Cairo Chicago South Side Ashburn Auburn Gresham Avalon Park Bronzeville Burnside Calumet Heights Chatham Chicago Lawn Douglas Englewood Fuller Park Grand Boulevard Greater Grand Crossing Hyde Park Kenwood Morgan Park Near South Side New City Oakland Pullman Riverdale Roseland South Chicago South Deering South Shore Washington Heights Washington Park West Englewood West Pullman Woodlawn West Side Austin East Garfield Park Humboldt Park Near West Side North Lawndale West Garfield Park North Side Cabrini Green Suburbs Bellwood Broadview Burnham Calumet City Calumet Park Chicago Heights Country Club Hills Crete (Lincolnshire Estates, Willowbrook Estates) Dixmoor Dolton East Hazel Crest Flossmoor Ford Heights Glenwood Harvey Hazel Crest Hillside Homewood Lansing Lynwood Markham Matteson Maywood Olympia Fields Park Forest Phoenix Richton Park Riverdale Robbins Sauk Village South Holland University Park Joliet Forest Park Preston Heights Kankakee County Hopkins Park Sun River Terrace Peoria West Peoria Pulaski County St. Clair County Brooklyn Cahokia Heights East St. Louis Washington Park Indiana Gary Downtown Ambridge Mann Brunswick Downtown West Tolleston Glen Park Midtown Aetna Emerson Miller Beach Indianapolis Avondale Meadows [25] Bridgeport (Sunnyside/West Parkview) (historic) [26] Crooked Creek [27] Devington [28] Haughville [29] Indiana Avenue (historic) [30] Flanner House Homes [31] Lockefield Gardens [32] Ransom Place Historic District [33] Martindale–Brightwood [34] Norwood [35] United Northwest Area [36] Northwest–Riverside [37] Merrillville Washington Township, Randolph County (outside Lynn – 1% while it's higher outside Lynn) Iowa Cedar Rapids Des Moines Drake Park King-Irving Park Oak Ridge River Bend Sherman Hill Quad Cities area Davenport Saylorville Kansas Cherokee Township (Weir, Kansas) Dodge City Kansas City, Kansas Morton City, Kansas ("Exoduster" historic site) [38] [39] Wichita Fairmount Ken-Mar Matlock Heights McAdams, Wichita, Kansas North Central Northeast Heights Northeast Millair Junction City [40] Kentucky Lexington Elkhorn Park Idle Hour - Idle Hour Country Club (10+%) Winburn Louisville Algonquin Berrytown California Chickasaw Hallmark Jacobs Limerick Newburg Old Louisville Park DuValle Park Hill Parkland Petersburg Phoenix Hill Poplar Hills Russell Shawnee Shelby Park Shively Smoketown Paducah – While the city itself is about 25% African American, the city school district's high school is about 50% African American. Russellville Black Bottom Louisiana Acadiana region in Louisiana has several historically African-American majority towns. Alexandria [41] Bastrop Baton Rouge Black Belt of Louisiana [42] - Bobtown, Mossville, St. Maurice and Washington. Donaldsonville Edgar Grambling Jeanerette Lafayette Lake Charles Mississippi Delta region. Monroe Natchitoches New Orleans Black Pearl Central City Desire Area Dixon Florida Area Gert Town Hollygrove Holy Cross Lower 9th Ward Marlyville Parts of Algiers Parts of Eastern New Orleans Pigeon Town Seventh Ward (neighborhood) St. Claude St. Roch Treme Tulane/Gravier Opelousas Shreveport Tallulah Wallace Maine Kennedy Park, Portland Maryland Anne Arundel County Jessup Baltimore Ashburton Barclay Belair-Edison Berea Better Waverly Broadway East Brooklyn [ citation needed ] Cedonia Cherry Hill Coppin Heights East Baltimore Midway Edmondson Village Ednor Gardens-Lakeside Greenmount West Gwynn's Falls Johnston Square Jonestown McElderry Park Middle East Mid-Govans Mondawmin Mosher Oliver Pen Lucy Pimlico Rosemont Sandtown-Winchester Upton Waverly Wilson Park Baltimore County Lochearn Milford Mill Owings Mills Randallstown Turners Station [ citation needed ] Woodlawn Berry Road area (MD route 228). Charles County Hughesville La Plata. Pomonkey Waldorf Montgomery County Ken-Gar [43] Prince George's County Accokeek Bladensburg Camp Springs Capitol Heights Cheverly Chillum Clinton Coral Hills District Heights Eagle Harbor Fairmount Forest Heights Forestville Fort Washington Friendly Glenarden Glenn Dale Greenbelt Hillcrest Heights Kettering Lake Arbor Largo Laurel Marlow Heights Marlton Mitchellville New Carrollton North Brentwood Rosaryville Seat Pleasant South Laurel Springdale Suitland Temple Hills Upper Marlboro Walker Mill Woodlawn [44] Woodmore Ridge near St. Inigoes St. Mary's County Somerset County Princess Anne Massachusetts Boston Beacon Hill (historically) Dorchester Dot-west (West Dorchester) Hyde Park Jamaica Plain Mattapan Roxbury Blue Hill Avenue South Boston (site of 1975 racial conflicts in integration of a high school). West End (also had Latinos, Italians and Jews, and Irish). Other places in MA Brockton Massachusetts Brookline Massachusetts Cambridge Massachusetts Chestnut Hill Massachusetts Concord Massachusetts Everett Massachusetts Leverett Massachusetts Lowell Massachusetts, aka "Mill City". Lynn Massachusetts. Marblehead Massachusetts Malden Massachusetts. Medford Massachusetts. New Bedford Massachusetts (New Bedford has many Portuguese, Cape Verdeans and Angolans). Newburyport Massachusetts Newton Massachusetts Oak Bluffs Massachusetts|Oak Bluffs- (sizable affluent Black-African American community, esp. tourism and seasonal residences). Provincetown Massachusetts Randolph Massachusetts. Stoughton Massachusetts Springfield Massachusetts (Springfield had a historic amateur black basketball team the Americans known to play against the Harlem Globetrotters who later became an entertainment team). Waltham Massachusetts West Medford Worcester Belmont Street Main South Norrback Avenue Plumley Village East Projects

Michigan Bay City Benton Harbor – site of 2003 riots Beverly Hills Birmingham Bloomfield area- Bloomfield Village Charing Cross Circle Oak Grove Bloomfield Hills West Bloomfield [ citation needed ] Detroit Black Bottom Brightmoor Clark Park Conant Gardens Dexter-Linwood Downriver East Side "South" Side Southwest Side West Side Flint Hamtramck Highland Park Inkster Jackson Kalamazoo Lansing Midland Muskegon Heights Pontiac Saginaw Southfield Warren – est. 15–20%. Minnesota Minneapolis Jordan Hawthorne Near North Harrison Willard-Hay Cedar-Riverside Folwell McKinley Cleveland Phillips Powderhorn Rochester River Court Sunnyside [45] Saint Paul Thomas-Dale Summit-University Mississippi Black Belt of Mississippi – Large African-American majority region. [46] Byhalia Clarksdale - 68% black Davis Bend, Mississippi/Louisiana. Falcon – 98% black. Russ College Jackson Georgetown Queens-Magnolia Terrace Shady Oaks Stadium Side Presidential Hills Virden Addition Washington Addition University Park/Palisades Leland - 2/3 of the town is black. Mississippi Delta region. Mound Bayou – 98% black. Tougaloo Yazoo City Missouri Charleston [47] Hayti Heights Kansas City Hyde Park Hickman Mills Holmes Park Martin City Red Bridge Ruskin Heights St. Louis North St. Louis (the West Walnut Manor area). Old North St. Louis Tower Grove South The Ville Walnut Park area of St. Louis St. Louis County Berkeley Black Jack – 80% black. Calverton Park Castle Point Cool Valley Country Club Hills – 90% black Dellwood Ferguson (site of 2014 riot) Flordell Hills Jennings Kinloch Meacham Park Normandy Pine Lawn Woodstock Nebraska Bellevue [48] Lincoln [48] Omaha - most live in Northeast Omaha. Lexington [49] South Sioux City [48] Nevada Centennial Hills North Las Vegas, Clark County Enterprise South Las Vegas, Clark County Green Valley South South Las Vegas, Clark County Henderson South Las Vegas, Clark County Lake Las Vegas South East Henderson, Las Vegas, Clark County MacDonald Ranch South East Las Vegas, Clark County Providence Las Vegas, North West Las Vegas, Clark County Skye Canyon North West Las Vegas, Clark County Southern Highlands South West Las Vegas, Clark County Spring Valley South West Las Vegas, Clark County Summerlin North West Las Vegas, Clark County The Lakes Las Vegas, Clark County Tulse Springs North Las Vegas, Clark County West Las Vegas North West Las Vegas - Master Planned Communities (21% black) [50] New Jersey East Orange Hillside Irvington Paterson Bridgeton Jersey City Elizabeth New Brunswick Passaic Winslow Somerset Englewood Lindenwold Rahway Vineland Millville Linden Perth Amboy Teaneck Burlington Hackensack Pennsauken Vauxhall Long Branch Montclair [51] Newark Weequahic Orange Plainfield Roselle Trenton Asbury Park Neptune Atlantic City Camden Chesilhurst Lawnside Pleasantville Salem Seabrook Farms Willingboro Whitesboro Ewing Collingswood Mount Holly Sicklerville Carteret Pemberton Galloway Deptford Lakewood Haddon Heights Springfield-Belmont Community Park, Princeton New Mexico Albuquerque [52] Parts of Downtown Albuquerque Kirtland Air Force Base South Broadway (somewhat historical, but area still retains a visible African-American community) Blackdom (historical; currently a ghost town) Clovis (some areas) Hobbs (some areas) New York Albany Arbor Hill Delaware Avenue Neighborhood Dudley Heights Groesbeckville Kenwood Mansion District North Albany The Pastures South End West Hill Buffalo Cold Springs East Side Hamlin Park Kensington Schiller Park Mount Vernon Oakwood Heights South Side West Mount Vernon Nassau County Baldwin Elmont Freeport Hempstead Lakeview New Cassel North Valley Stream Roosevelt South Floral Park Uniondale New York City The Bronx: Allerton Baychester Co-op City Eastchester Edenwald Fordham Highbridge Morrisania Mott Haven Olinville Parkchester Soundview South Bronx Tremont Wakefield Williamsbridge Brooklyn: Bedford-Stuyvesant Brownsville Bushwick Canarsie City Line Clinton Hill Crown Heights (site of 1991 riot) Cypress Hills East Flatbush East New York Flatbush Flatlands Fort Greene Ocean Hill Starrett City Stuyvesant Heights Weeksville Wingate Manhattan: Hamilton Heights Harlem (the "Black Mecca" of African-American culture, esp 1920s–30s). [53] [54] San Juan Hill Seneca Village (destroyed when creating Central Park) Sugar Hill Queens: Arverne Cambria Heights East Elmhurst Elmhurst Far Rockaway Hollis Jamaica Laurelton Queensbridge Queens Village Rosedale St. Albans (including Addisleigh Park) South Jamaica Springfield Gardens Staten Island: Clifton Mariners Harbor New Brighton Park Hill Stapleton Tompkinsville Orange County Newburgh Middletown Poughkeepsie (site of 1927 race riot) Rochester 19th Ward Plymouth-Exchange Genesee-Jefferson Corn Hill Group 14621 Marketview Heights Beechwood Homestead Heights Edgerton Rockland County Central Nyack Heritage Dr., New City Hillcrest Nyack Spring Valley Suffolk County Wyandanch Gordon Heights North Bellport North Amityville Wheatley Heights Syracuse Brighton Elmwood Near Eastside North Valley Salt Springs Utica Cornhill White Plains Northwest White Plains Fisher Hill, White Plains Yonkers Runyon Heights Southwest Yonkers North Carolina East End/Valley Street Neighborhood, Asheville Eastland, Charlotte Hayti, Durham Emorywoods Estate, Durham, North Carolina Elizabeth City Goldsboro Greensboro – 40.6% black, historic black city in the South since slavery, colonial times, Civil rights and the Civil war. [55] Henderson James City [56] Kinston [57] (62% black) Crestdale Matthews Formerly Tank Town Oxford Princeville Raleigh East Raleigh–South Park Historic District – Largest African American neighborhood in Raleigh. Madonna Acres Historic District, historic black district in Raleigh Rocky Mount Roxboro Sedalia [58] Tarboro Wadesboro [59] Williamston Woodland (45/45% split black/white) Ohio Akron Canton Cincinnati Avondale [60] Bond Hill [61] College Hill [62] East Westwood [63] English Woods [64] Evanston [65] Kennedy Heights [66] Madisonville [67] Millvale [68] Mount Airy [69] North Avondale [70] North Fairmount [71] Over-the-Rhine [72] Paddock Hills [73] Pendleton [74] Queensgate [75] Roselawn [76] South Cumminsville [77] South Fairmount [78] Spring Grove Village [79] Villages at Roll Hill [80] West End [81] Westwood [82] Winton Hills [83] Cleveland Buckeye-Shaker Central Fairfax Glenville Hough Lee-Miles South Collinwood Woodland Hills Nearby Cuyahoga County Bedford Heights East Cleveland North Randall Warrensville Heights Columbus Driving Park Mount Vernon Near East Side Berwick Far East Milo-Grogan Windsor Terrace Urbancrest Dayton Oregon District East Jackson-Waverly Newark Springfield Toledo North Park South Side Warren Warrensville Heights [84] Youngstown Downtown Youngstown North Heights Oklahoma Oklahoma has a few surviving all-black or African-American majority towns as a result of the Land Rush of 1889, similar to the Exodusters after the Civil War (1860s) to nearby Kansas. One example is Freedom not to be confused with Freedom in the western half of the state. [85] "All-Black" settlements that were part of the Land Run of 1889. [86] Boley. Brooksville. Clearview. Grayson. Lima. Red Bird. [85] Rentiesville. Summit. Taft, facing Osage Nation and Cherokee Nation tribal areas (Black Cherokees). Tatums. Tullahassee. Vernon. Among the Oklahoma Territory all Black towns no longer in existence are Lincoln, Cimarron City, Bailey, Zion, Emanuel, Udora, and Douglas. Bristow – 10% Black Eufaula Langston [87] Oklahoma City Bricktown Deep Deuce Eastside, Oklahoma City Edwards Heights Historic District Northeast Oklahoma City Town of Forest Park Nearby Midwest City Tahlequah East side Tulsa – 15% black city East Side Greenwood, Tulsa ("Black wall street" in 1920s) Neighborhoods of Tulsa, Oklahoma#Northside – North Tulsa West Side (Downtown) Turley – 20–25% Black Oregon Portland Alberta Arts District Albina Street Boise Eliot Humboldt King Piedmont Vernon Woodlawn Eugene [88] Skinner Butte Glenwood West 11th Avenue Neighborhood Pennsylvania Philadelphia City neighborhoods Allegheny West Brewerytown Carroll Park Cecil B. Moore Clearview Cobbs Creek Eastwick Elmwood Park Fern Rock Frankford Germantown Glenwood Grays Ferry Haddington Hawthorne Kingsessing Ludlow Mantua Mount Airy Mill Creek Nicetown-Tioga North Central Overbrook Olney-Oak Lane Parkside Penrose Point Breeze Poplar Southwest Center City Strawberry Mansion University City – black plurality today. Walnut Hill West Philadelphia Wynnefield Suburbs Cheltenham Chester Cheyney Collingdale Crestmont Darby East Lansdowne Norristown Sharon Hill Upper Darby Yeadon Pittsburgh City neighborhoods The Hill District Homewood Larimer Beltzhoover Manchester Hazelwood California-Kirkbride Arlington Heights St. Clair East Liberty Garfield Lincoln-Lemington-Belmar Perry South Fairywood Suburbs Homestead Braddock Rankin Duquesne Wilkinsburg Rhode Island Pawtucket Providence Federal Hill – developed sizable black population since the 1960s. Mount Hope South Providence South Carolina South Carolina is part of the Black Belt geological formation Acabee Allendale Bennettsville Charleston Columbia Waverly Eastover Greenville Lake City Marion North Charleston Orangeburg Red Top Ridgeland Rock Hill (38.3%) Sea Islands (South Carolina coast, home to the Gullah and Geechee peoples (African creoles). Sumter (47.03%) Tennessee Chattanooga [89] Denmark Dyersburg Jackson Knoxville Memphis Beale Street (historic district) Orange Mound South Memphis Whitehaven North Memphis Hickory Hill Frayser Douglass Southwind Riverside Hollywood Hyde Park Binghampton Uptown Parkway Village Nashville Cleveland Park Bordeaux, Tennessee Whites Creek North Nashville East Nashville East Davidson County Antioch Southeast Davidson Hermitage Whiteville [90] Texas Austin Rosewood Park Oak Springs University Hills Cavalier Park 11th Street Loyola Lane Johnny Morris Oak Springs Austin Colony Springdale Austin suburbs Bastrop - Black population, 965 (9.96%) in 2020 Census Shiloh Hornsby Bend - Black population, 2,208 (18.15%) in 2020 Census Hutto - Black population, 3,459 (12.54%) in 2020 Census Pflugerville - Black population, 9,624 (14.76%) in 2020 Census Round Rock - Black population, 11,552 (9.67%) in 2020 Census Shenandoah Wells Branch - Black population, 2,426 (17.33%) in 2020 Census Windemere - Black population, 16.82% in 2010 Census Beaumont-Port Arthur-Orange (Golden Triangle area) [91] Beaumont - Black population, 54,034 (46.87%) in 2020 Census South Park Port Arthur - Black population, 21,046 (37.56%) in 2020 Census Gulfway Orange - Black population, 6,795 (35.16%) in 2020 Census Central Texas - Waco-College Station area. Bryan - Black population, 12,876 (15.33%) in 2020 Census Calvert - Black population, 482 (50.10%) in 2020 Census Navasota - Black population, 2,018 (26.40%) in 2020 Census Waco - Black population, 26,844 (19.38%) in 2020 Census East Waco Corpus Christi Texas, Nueces County Bay Area, Corpus Christi Calallen, Corpus Christi Hillcrest, Corpus Christi Mustang-Padre Island, Corpus Christi Northwest, Corpus Christi South Side, Corpus Christi Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex Dallas North east Dallas Oak Cliff Pleasant Grove South Dallas Skillman Road West Dallas. Old East Dallas Hamilton Park Arlington Park Vickery Meadow South Fergusun Love Field Area Dallas County Cedar Hill - Black population, 25,790 (52.47%) in 2020 Census DeSoto - Black population, 38,971 (69.41%) in 2020 Census Duncanville - Black population, 12,085 (29.69%) in 2020 Census Grand Prairie [92] - Black population, 46,360 (23.64%) in 2020 Census Irving [93] - Black population, 31,714 (12.36%) in 2020 Census Lancaster - Black population, 27,078 (65.60%) in 2020 Census Fort Worth Como Stop Six Woodhaven Meadowbrook Eastwood Poly Northbrook Tarrant County Arlington - Black population, 88,230 (22.38%) in 2020 Census Mansfield - Black population, 15,539 (21.40%) in 2020 Census Euless - Black population, 9,626 (15.77%) in 2020 Census Forest Hill - Black population, 5,490 (39.34%) in 2020 Census Bedford - Black population, 5,693 (11.40%) in 2020 Census Hurst - Black population, 3,996 (9.89%) in 2020 Census East Texas has some Black majority towns. Also known as the Big Thicket, and Piney Woods region [94] Ames - Black population, 700 (74.71%) in 2020 Census Athens - Black population, 2,059 (16.01%) in 2020 Census Browndell - Black population, 78 (48.75%) in 2020 Census Cuney - Black population, 69 (59.48%) in 2020 Census Domino - Black population, 59 (83.10%) in 2020 Census Goodlow - Black population, 133 (74.70%) in 2020 Census Huntsville - Black population, 11,420 (24.86%) in 2020 Census Phelps Jasper - Black population, 3,101 (45.45%) in 2020 Census Lufkin - Black population, 9,045 (26.49%) in 2020 Census Nacogdoches - Black population, 8,376 (26.06%) in 2020 Census San Augustine - Black population, 968 (50.42%) in 2020 Census Seven Oaks - Black population, 28 (41.20%) in 2020 Census Houston Acres Homes Alief Bammel Bordersville Brays Oaks Clinton Park Cloverland Cypress Station Fifth Ward Fourth Ward Frenchtown Greenspoint Herschelwood Hiram Clarke Homestead Imperial Valley Independence Heights – Studewood Inwood Forest Kashmere Gardens Lakewood North Houston Rosewood Sharpstown South Park Southwest Houston Settegast Southside Sunnyside Trinity Garden Third Ward Westfield Yellowstone Houston Suburbs Barrett - Black population, 2,324 (44.50%) in 2020 Census Baytown - Black population, 13,652 (16.31%) in 2020 Census Conroe - Black population, 8,951 (9.95%) in 2020 Census Freeport - Black population, 13,690 (55.91%) in 2020 Census Fresno - Black population, 2,426 (17.33%) in 2020 Census Galveston - Black population, 8,785 (16.36%) in 2020 Census Hempstead [95] - Black population, 1,760 (32.41%) in 2020 Census Kendleton - Black population, 220 (64.10%) in 2020 Census Manvel - Black population, 2,661 (26.63%) in 2020 Census Missouri City - Black population, 30,146 (40.6%) in 2020 Census Prairie View - Black population, 6,712 (82.01%) in 2020 Census Spring, Texas - Black population, 15,492 (24.76%) in 2020 Census Pearland, Texas - Black population, 24,482 (19.46%) in 2020 Census Tamina Waller - Black population, 458 (17.08%) in 2020 Census Willis - Black population, 1,076 (16.73%) in 2020 Census Killeen-Temple (Bell County) Killeen - Black population, 54,109 (35.34%) in 2020 Census Temple - Black population, 12,031 (14.66%) in 2020 Census Harker Heights - Black population, 7,198 (21.75%) in 2020 Census Copperas Cove - Black population, 6,431 (17.54%) in 2020 Census Fort Cavazos - Black population, 4,521 (16.00%) in 2020 Census Northeast Texas Corsicana - Black population, 4,782 (19.04%) in 2020 Census Easton [96] - Black population, 259 (51.9%) in 2020 Census Henderson - Black population, 3,052 (23.0%) in 2020 Census Jacksonville - Black population, 2,747 (19.63%) in 2020 Census Longview - Black population, 19,173 (23.49%) in 2020 Census Marshall - Black population, 8,368 (35.77%) in 2020 Census Mexia - Black population, 2,086 (30.26%) in 2020 Census Moore Station - Black population, 142 (88.75%) in 2020 Census Neylandville - Black population, 29 (43.28%) in 2020 Census Palestine - Black population, 4,439 (23.94%) in 2020 Census Scottsville - Black population, 138 (41.30%) in 2020 Census Texarkana - Black population, 13,565 (37.48%) in 2020 Census Toco - Black population, 56 (61.54%) in 2020 Census Tyler - Black population, 24,126 (22.76%) in 2020 Census San Antonio Ellis Alley Kirby Pecan Valley East Side, San Antonio North East Converse Dellcrest Eastwood Huntleigh Park Honey Lackland AFB Wichita Falls U.S. Virgin Islands Majority of territory residents are of black/Afro-Caribbean descent. Utah Most of state's blacks concentrated in Hill Air Force Base near Ogden. Historically, the diverse SugarHouse district of Salt Lake City. Vermont Burlington – Old North End 4.7% Virginia Alexandria – Black population, at 31,314 (19.64%) in 2020 Census. Arlington County – Black population, at 20,330 (8.52%) in 2020 Census. Arlington View Nauck Penrose High View Park Charles City County – Black population, at 2,836 (41.87%) in 2020 Census. Charles City (50.96%) Chase City - Mecklenburg County Cheasapeake South Norfolk Clarksville - Mecklenburg County Courtland - Southampton County Danville [97] Dendron (51.2%) - Surry County Eastern counties of Virginia along Chesapeake Bay (Middle Peninsula). It encompasses six Virginia counties: Essex, Gloucester, King and Queen, King William, Mathews, and Middlesex. Emporia (56.2%) - Greensville County Franklin (52.3%) Hampton Aberdeen Gardens Shell Road Hopewell Kenbridge - Lunenburg County Lawrenceville (64.6%) - Brunswick County Lynchburg Martinsville Laurel Park (64.4%) Sandy Level (73.3%) Nassawadox (54.9%) - Northampton County Newport News Christopher Shores-Stuart Gardens East End Norfolk Berkley Huntersville Little Africa, aka Little Manila or San Juan. Park Place Youngs Park Petersburg Ettrick (75.1%) Portsmouth Richmond - Henrico County East Highland Park (79.4%) Highland Springs (51.8%) Jackson Ward Montrose Roanoke Smithfield - Isle of Wight County Rushmere (62.1%) South Boston - Halifax County South Hill - Mecklenburg County Brodnax La Crosse Suffolk Wakefield (51.3%) - Sussex County Waverly (61.8%) - Sussex County Williamsburg Virginia Beach Beechwood Gracetown Mill Dam Reedtown Seatack Washington Federal Way Parkland Lake City Park Lodge (central area) Seatac Seattle Atlantic Central District Columbia City High Point International District (more Chinese and Asian). Leschi Rainier Beach South Side (near Safeco Field). Yesler Terrace Tacoma Hilltop Salishan Tukwila – est.15–20%. West Virginia Institute Keystone Kimball Wisconsin Beloit [98] Brown Deer Kenosha Madison [99] Burke Heights Burr Oaks Nobel Park Park Ridge Walnut Grove Wexford Ridge Middleton Milwaukee Ann Arbor Arlington Heights Avenues West Berryland Bronzeville Franklin Heights Grantosa Heights Havenwoods Harambee Hillside/Lapham Park Halyard Park Metcalfe Park Merrill Park Midtown North Division Parklawn Parkwest Rufus King Uptown Uptown Crossing Walnut Hill Washington Park Westlawn Racine

See also

• United States portal

• List of U.S. cities with large African American populations
• List of U.S. communities with African American majority populations
• List of U.S. metropolitan areas with large African-American populations
• List of U.S. states and territories by African-American population
• List of majority-Black counties in the United States

References

1. List of U.S. metropolitan areas with large African-American populations
2. "Life for Detroit's blacks over the years: vibrant and volatile - The Washington Post". The Washington Post .
3. Harress, Christopher (August 26, 2017). "What is the Black Belt and why is it called that?". al.com.
4. Texeira, Erin. "Migrants From L.A. Flow to Affordable Suburbs Such as Inland Empire." Los Angeles Times . March 30, 2001. Retrieved on April 3, 2014.
5. "Map of Race and Ethnicity by Neighborhood in Bakersfield". StatisticalAtlas.
6. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved May 13, 2019.
7. "Go for the Jazz in Federal Jazz Project". Sandiegostory.com. April 17, 2013. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
8. Mapping black California arcgis.com
9. "Bronzeville - Little Tokyo, Los Angeles - Online History". bronzeville-la.ltsc.org.
10. "One of California's Last Black Enclaves Threatened by Inglewood's Upcoming Entertainment Complex". April 10, 2019.
11. "Inglewood, CA 90305 Population by Race and Ethnicity". CLRSearch. Archived from the original on December 24, 2015. Retrieved December 23, 2015.
12. Stringfellow, Kim (December 12, 2017). "The Shifting Demographics of Antelope Valley — And Development's Consequences". KCET.
13. "Watts riots: Inland Valley African-Americans faced same problems". August 8, 2015.
14. "History of Oakland's Segregation - Blacks in Oakland". sites.google.com.
15. "Black People Find Pasadena to Be an Island of Opportunity". February 2, 1986 – via LA Times.
16. Kennedy, Corinne S (December 18, 2017). "Palm Springs will remove the trees blocking a historically black area from a city golf course". Desert Sun.
17. Beason, Tyrone (August 15, 2021). "'We're here to stay.' Despite isolation and racism, Black Americans feel at home in California's desert". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
18. "Santa Ana neighborhood was African American hub". March 10, 2011.
19. "The Demographic Statistical Atlas of the United States - Statistical Atlas". statisticalatlas.com. Retrieved April 28, 2024.
20. "These Are The 10 Connecticut Cities With The Largest Black Population For 2019". December 9, 2018.
21. Gilmore, Tim (January 25, 2017). "Gentrification: A perspective from a long time resident". Modern Cities. Retrieved February 2, 2017.
22. says, Dan O. (December 9, 2018). "These Are The 10 Georgia Cities With The Largest Black Population For 2019". roadsnacks.net. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
23. "Cities with the Highest Percentage of Blacks (African Americans) in Georgia – Zip Atlas". zipatlas.com. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
24. "These Are The 10 Cities In America With The Largest Black Population". roadsnacks.net. January 21, 2019. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
25. Verderame, Jyoti A. (2021). "Avondale Meadows". Digital Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Indianapolis Public Library. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
26. Watson, Pat; Verderame, Jyoti A. (2021) [1994]. "Bridgeport". Digital Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Indianapolis Public Library. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
27. "Crooked Creek". Digital Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Indianapolis Public Library. 2021. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
28. "Devington". Digital Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Indianapolis Public Library. 2021. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
29. Donnelly, Cathleen F. (2021) [1994]. "Haughville". Digital Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Indianapolis Public Library. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
30. Mullins, Paul (November 20, 2020). "Indiana Avenue". Digital Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Indianapolis Public Library. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
31. Hale, Michelle D.; Loyd, Margaret (2021) [1994]. "Flanner House". Digital Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Indianapolis Public Library. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
32. Darbee, Leigh (2021) [1994]. "Lockefield Gardens". Digital Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Indianapolis Public Library. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
33. Frisby, David; Frisby, Mary; Blair, Lyndsey D. (2022) [1994]. "Ransom Place". Digital Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Indianapolis Public Library. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
34. Zeigler, Connie J.; Cross, Robert; Blair, Lyndsey D. (2021) [1994]. "Martindale–Brightwood". Digital Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Indianapolis Public Library. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
35. Drenon, Brandon (March 14, 2022). "City planned morgue in historic Norwood neighborhood. Then officials heard from residents". The Indianapolis Star. Gannett Company. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
36. Dalton, William D.; Van Allen, Elizabeth J. (2021) [1994]. "United Northwest Area". Digital Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Indianapolis Public Library. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
37. Donnelly, Cathleen F. (2021) [1994]. "Northwest–Riverside". Digital Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Indianapolis Public Library. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
38. "Exodusters - Homestead National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)".
39. "Morton City, Hodgeman County · Lost Kansas Communities". Lostkscommunities.omeka.net. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
40. "Kansas Cities with the Largest Black Population, 2020". December 21, 2019.
41. "Cities with the Highest Percentage of Blacks (African Americans) in Louisiana | Zip Atlas".
42. "Black Towns Louisiana - SoulOfAmerica". legacy.soulofamerica.com.
43. "Bladensburg, Maryland". cnsmaryland.org. September 28, 2017. Retrieved October 10, 2020.
44. "QuickFacts Woodlawn CDP (Prince George's County), Maryland". Census.gov. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
45. "Map of Race and Ethnicity by Neighborhood in Rochester". StatisticalAtlas.
46. Tullos, Allen (July 15, 2004). "The Black Belt". Southern Spaces. 2004. doi: 10.18737/M70K6P – via southernspaces.org.
47. "Cities with the Highest Percentage of Blacks (African Americans) in Missouri | Zip Atlas".
48. "Nebraska Cities with the Largest Black Population for 2022". April 7, 2022.
49. "Nebraska Cities with the Largest Black Population for 2021". December 21, 2020.
50. "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: North Las Vegas city, Nevada". Census.gov. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
51. Ricardo Kaulessar (February 28, 2015). "Black History Month: Montclair families have strong roots – Education". NorthJersey.com. Retrieved December 23, 2015.
52. "Map of Race and Ethnicity by Neighborhood in Albuquerque". StatisticalAtlas.
53. Roberts, Sam (January 5, 2010). "As Population Shifts in Harlem, Blacks Lose Their Majority". The New York Times. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
54. Adams, Michael Henry (May 27, 2016). "Opinion – The End of Black Harlem". The New York Times. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
55. "8 Count: A Look at Black History in Greensboro | People | greensboro.com". www.greensboro.com. January 27, 2015.
56. "Black Towns North Carolina - SoulOfAmerica". legacy.soulofamerica.com.
57. "These Are The 10 North Carolina Cities With The Largest Black Population For 2019". December 9, 2018.
58. "Cities with the Highest Percentage of Blacks (African Americans) in North Carolina | Zip Atlas".
59. "North Carolina Cities with the Largest Black Population for 2022". April 7, 2022.
60. "Avondale : Statistical Neighborhood Approximation". Cincinnati-oh-gov. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
61. "Bond Hill : Statistical Neighborhood Approximation". Cincinnati-oh-gov. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
62. "College Hill : Statistical Neighborhood Approximation". Cincinnati-oh-gov. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
63. "East Westwood : Statistical Neighborhood Approximation". Cincinnati-oh-gov. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
64. "English Woods : Statistical Neighborhood Approximation". Cincinnati-oh-gov. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
65. "Evanston : Statistical Neighborhood Approximation". Cincinnati-oh-gov. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
66. "Kennedy Heights : Statistical Neighborhood Approximation". Cincinnati-oh-gov. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
67. "Madisonville : Statistical Neighborhood Approximation". Cincinnati-oh-gov. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
68. "Millvale : Statistical Neighborhood Approximation". Cincinnati-oh-gov. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
69. "Mount Airy : Statistical Neighborhood Approximation". Cincinnati-oh-gov. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
70. "North Avondale : Statistical Neighborhood Approximation". Cincinnati-oh-gov. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
71. "North Fairmount : Statistical Neighborhood Approximation". Cincinnati-oh-gov. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
72. "Over-the-Rhine : Statistical Neighborhood Approximation". Cincinnati-oh-gov. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
73. "Paddock Hills : Statistical Neighborhood Approximation". Cincinnati-oh-gov. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
74. "Pendleton : Statistical Neighborhood Approximation". Cincinnati-oh-gov. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
75. "Queensgate : Statistical Neighborhood Approximation". Cincinnati-oh-gov. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
76. "Roselawn : Statistical Neighborhood Approximation". Cincinnati-oh-gov. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
77. "South Cumminsville : Statistical Neighborhood Approximation". Cincinnati-oh-gov. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
78. "South Fairmount : Statistical Neighborhood Approximation". Cincinnati-oh-gov. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
79. "Spring Grove Village : Statistical Neighborhood Approximation". Cincinnati-oh-gov. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
80. "Fay Apartments : Statistical Neighborhood Approximation". Cincinnati-oh-gov. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
81. "West End : Statistical Neighborhood Approximation". Cincinnati-oh-gov. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
82. "Westwood : Statistical Neighborhood Approximation". Cincinnati-oh-gov. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
83. "Winton Hills : Statistical Neighborhood Approximation". Cincinnati-oh-gov. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
84. "Ohio Cities with the Largest Black Population for 2022". April 7, 2022.
85. "Throwback Tulsa: The 13 historic all-Black towns that remain in Oklahoma". February 24, 2021.
86. O'Dell, Larry. "All-Black Towns". Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History & Culture . Oklahoma Historical Society. Archived from the original on November 3, 2012. Retrieved August 19, 2012.
87. "All-Black Towns | the Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture".
88. "Eugene's Black Neighborhoods". Racing to Change, Museum of Natural and Cultural History, University of Oregon . Retrieved December 3, 2022.
89. "Tennessee Cities with the Largest Black Population for 2022". April 7, 2022.
90. "Cities with the Highest Percentage of Blacks (African Americans) in Tennessee | Zip Atlas".
91. "Texas – BlackDemographics.com". December 12, 2023.
92. "Grand Prairie" . Retrieved April 28, 2024.
93. "Irving" . Retrieved April 28, 2024.
94. "Black Towns in the Piney Woods Region". www.laits.utexas.edu.
95. "Texas Cities with the Largest Black Population for 2021". December 21, 2020.
96. "Cities with the Highest Percentage of Blacks (African Americans) in the United States | Zip Atlas".
97. says, Kimberly Johnson (December 9, 2018). "These Are The 10 Virginia Cities With The Largest Black Population For 2019". roadsnacks.net. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
98. "These Are The 10 Wisconsin Cities With The Largest Black Population For 2019". roadsnacks.net. December 9, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
99. "Map of Race and Ethnicity by Neighborhood in Madison". StatisticalAtlas.