Grand Boulevard, Chicago

Grand Boulevard
Community area
Community Area 38 - Grand Boulevard
The Harold Washington Cultural Center
Location within the city of Chicago
Coordinates: 41°48.6′N87°37.2′W / 41.8100°N 87.6200°W / 41.8100; -87.6200
Country	United States
State	Illinois
County	Cook
City	Chicago
Neighborhoods	List Bronzeville Legends South
Area
• Total	1.73 sq mi (4.48 km2)
Population  (2020) [1]
• Total	24,589
• Density	14,000/sq mi (5,500/km2)
Demographics 2020 [1]
•  White	4.1%
• Black	89.6%
• Hispanic	3.3%
• Asian	0.7%
• Other	2.3%
Time zone	UTC-6 (CST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC-5 (CDT)
ZIP Codes	parts of 60609, 60615 and 60653
Median household income 2020	$39,111 [1]
Source: U.S. Census, Record Information Services

Grand Boulevard on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, is one of the city's Community Areas. The boulevard from which it takes its name is now Martin Luther King Jr. Drive. The area is bounded by 39th to the north, 51st Street to the south, Cottage Grove Avenue to the east, and the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad tracks to the west.

Bronzeville

This is one of the two community areas that encompass the Bronzeville neighborhood, with the other being Douglas. Grand Boulevard also includes the Washington Park Court District neighborhood that was declared a Chicago Landmark on October 2, 1991. ^[2]

The Harold Washington Cultural Center is one of its newer and more famous buildings. It arose on the site that from the 1920s through the 1970s housed a famous center of African American cultural life, the Regal Theater. Among the other notable properties in this neighborhood are the Daniel Hale Williams House, the Robert S. Abbott House, and the Oscar Stanton De Priest House.

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1930	87,005		—
1940	103,256		18.7%
1950	114,557		10.9%
1960	80,036		−30.1%
1970	80,166		0.2%
1980	53,741		−33.0%
1990	35,897		−33.2%
2000	28,006		−22.0%
2010	21,929		−21.7%
2020	24,589		12.1%
[3] [1]

According to a 2018 US Census American Community Survey, there were 22,784 people and 10,383 households in Grand Boulevard. ^[1] The racial makeup of the area was 92.56% African American, 2.70% White, 0.70% Asian, and 2.26% from other races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 1.77% of the population. ^[1] In the area, the population was spread out, with 27.3% under the age of 19, 19.4% from 20 to 34, 22.6% from 35 to 49, 16.4% from 50 to 64, and 14.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.9 years. ^[1]

Education

Grand Boulevard is part of City of Chicago School District #299 and City Colleges of Chicago District #508. The nearest City Colleges campus was Kennedy–King College in Englewood. A high school diploma had been earned by 85.5% of Grand Boulevard residents and a bachelor's degree or greater had been earned by 31.31% of residents compared to citywide figures of 82.3% and 35.6% respectively. ^[1]

Transportation

The Chicago Transit Authority operates the Chicago "L" system in the Grand Boulevard community area. The Green Line provides rapid transit at four stations: Indiana, 43rd Street, 47th Street and 51st Street stations.

Politics

The Grand Boulevard community area has supported the Democratic Party in the past two presidential elections by overwhelming margins. In the 2016 presidential election, Grand Boulevard cast 10,081 votes for Hillary Clinton and cast 171 votes for Donald Trump. ^[4] In the 2012 presidential election, Grand Boulevard cast 10,646 votes for Barack Obama and cast 81 votes for Mitt Romney. ^[5]

Notable people

• Robert Sengstacke Abbott (1870–1940), founder of The Chicago Defender . He lived in Grand Boulevard from 1926 until his death in 1940. ^[6]
• Noble Drew Ali (1886–1929), founder of the Moorish Science Temple of America. He resided at 3613 South Indiana Avenue at the time of his death. ^[7]
• Sol Bloom (1870–1949), Congressman from New York from 1923 until 1949. He resided at 4736 South Prairie Avenue between 1897 and 1903. ^[8]
• Floy Clements (1891–1973), first African American woman to serve in the Illinois House of Representatives. She moved to Grand Boulevard in the 1920s and lived there during her political career. ^[9]
• Bessie Coleman (1892–1926), first African-American woman and first Native American to hold a pilot's license. She resided at 4533 South Indiana Avenue prior to leaving for France to earn her pilot's license. ^[10]
• Michael Colyar (born 1957), comedian and actor. He was raised at 4352 South State Street before his family moved to Morgan Park. ^[11]
• Clarence Darrow (1857–1938), attorney famous for his involvement in, among others, the Leopold and Loeb murder trial and the Scopes "Monkey" Trial. He resided at 4219 South Vincennes Avenue during his first marriage. ^[12]
• Oscar Stanton De Priest (1871–1951), first African-American member of the United States House of Representatives elected after the end of Reconstruction. The apartment building in which he lived from 1929 to 1951 was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1975. ^[13]
• Michael Clarke Duncan (1957–2012), actor. He was raised in the Robert Taylor Homes. ^[14]
• Open Mike Eagle (born 1980), hip hop artist. He lived in the Robert Taylor Homes until the age of 13. ^[15]
• Rube Foster (1879–1930), baseball player, manager, and founder of the Negro National League. He resided at 4131 South Michigan Avenue from 1907 until 1926. ^[16]
• Mittie Gordon (1889–1961), founder of the Peace Movement of Ethiopia. At the time of her trial for conspiring with the Japanese in relation to the work of the P.M.E. she resided at 4451 South State Street. ^[17]
• John R. Lynch (1847–1939), Congressman from Mississippi's 6th congressional district from 1873 to 1877 and 1882 to 1883. Lynch moved to Chicago in 1912 and resided at what is now 4028 S. Martin Luther King Dr. at the time of his death. ^[18]
• The Marx Brothers, comedians. During their early career, the family moved from New York City to an apartment at 4649 South Calumet Avenue. The family bought a house at 4512 South King Drive. ^[19]
  • Chico Marx (1887–1961)
  • Harpo Marx (1888–1964)
  • Groucho Marx (1890–1977)
  • Gummo Marx (1892–1977)
  • Zeppo Marx (1901–1979)
• Edward Morris (1866–1913), President of Morris & Company, a meatpacking company. In 1892, he and his wife moved to a house at 4500 South Michigan Avenue. ^[20]
• Helen Swift Morris (1869–1945), wife of Edward Morris. She and her husband resided at a house at 4500 South Michigan Avenue ^[20]
• George W. Murray (1853–1926), Congressman from South Carolina from 1893 to 1897. He fled South Carolina after a racially motivated conviction and moved to Chicago in 1905. At the time of his death, he resided at 4752 S. Evans Ave. ^[21]
• Kirby Puckett (1960–2006), professional baseball player. ^[22]
• Earl W. Renfroe (1907–2000), aviator and one of the first Black orthodontists in Illinois. In 1939, he resided at 4646 South Michigan Avenue. ^[23]
• Mr. T (born 1952), actor known for his roles as B. A. Baracus in The A-Team and Clubber Lang in Rocky III . He was raised in the Robert Taylor Homes. ^[24]
• Daniel Hale Williams (1856–1931), surgeon who performed the first documented, successful pericardium surgery in the United States to repair a wound. ^[25] His residence at 445 East 42nd Street was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1975. ^[26]
• Richard Wright (1908–1960), author of novels, short stories, poems, and non-fiction. He resided at a second floor apartment at 4831 South Vincennes Avenue from 1929 until 1932. ^[27]

External links

• Official City of Chicago Grand Boulevard Community Map
• Bronzeville travel guide from Wikivoyage
• Bronzeville at Explore Chicago, The Official City of Chicago Tourism Website

References

1. "Community Data Snapshot - Grand Boulevard" (PDF). cmap.illinois.gov. MetroPulse. Retrieved July 25, 2020.
2. "Washington Park Court District". City of Chicago Department of Planning and Development, Landmarks Division. 2003. Archived from the original on May 20, 2007. Retrieved March 30, 2007.
3. Paral, Rob. "Chicago Community Areas Historical Data". Archived from the original on March 18, 2013.
4. Ali, Tanveer (November 9, 2016). "How Every Chicago Neighborhood Voted In The 2016 Presidential Election". DNAInfo . Archived from the original on September 24, 2019. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
5. Ali, Tanveer (November 9, 2012). "How Every Chicago Neighborhood Voted In The 2012 Presidential Election". DNAInfo . Archived from the original on February 3, 2019. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
6. "Robert S. Abbott House". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on January 3, 2008. Retrieved March 2, 2008.
7. "Drew Ali, "Prophet" of Moorish Cult, Dies Suddenly". Chicago Defender . July 27, 1929. p. 1 – via ProQuest.
8. Roth, Walter. "Sol Bloom, The Music Man" (PDF). Chicago Jewish History. 24 (3). Chicago Jewish Historical Society. Retrieved January 23, 2021.
9. "Clubwoman's Passing Mourned". Chicago Defender . November 30, 1960 – via ProQuest.
10. "Aviatrix Must Sign Away Life to Learn Trade". Chicago Defender . October 8, 1921 – via ProQuest subscription from Chicago Public Library.
11. Colyar, Michael. "I grew up in the projects. Robert Taylor Homes. 4352 S. State street, apt #909. Then Morgan Park. I want my community back. Violence sucks". Twitter.com. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
12. Schmidt, John R. (December 17, 2012). "A forgotten home of Clarence Darrow". WBEZ . Retrieved December 29, 2019.
13. "De Priest, Oscar Stanton, House". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on March 3, 2008. Retrieved July 20, 2008.
14. "Ex-Coach Remembers Michael Clarke Duncan As 'Hard Worker' Determined To Succeed". CBS 2 Chicago. September 4, 2012. Retrieved April 16, 2022.
15. "BA #064:'Open' Mike Eagle". Box Angeles podcast.
16. "Rube Foster, Baseball Magnate, in Sanitarium: ILL HEALTH IS DUE TO WORRY". Chicago Defender . September 4, 1926 – via ProQuest.
17. "Principals in Sedition Trial: Jap Payoffs To Cult Bared At Trial; Bilbo Linked To Plotters By Leader". Chicago Defender . February 6, 1943. p. 3 – via ProQuest subscription from Chicago Public Library.
18. "Major John R. Lynch Buried at Arlington". Chicago Defender . November 11, 1939. p. 1 – via ProQuest.
19. Schmidt, John R. (July 31, 2012). "Marxism on the Grand Boulevard". WBEZ . Retrieved December 9, 2019.
20. Hasbrouck, Wilbert R. (September 26, 1977). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory - Nomination Form: The Swift House" (PDF). Illinois Historic Preservation Division. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 29, 2019. Retrieved September 26, 2019.
21. "Death Takes Former Rep. G.W. Murray: Served Two Terms in U.S. Congress". Chicago Defender . May 1, 1926 – via ProQuest.
22. Weil, Martin (March 7, 2006). "Hall of Fame Outfielder Kirby Puckett Dies at 45". Washington Post . Retrieved June 3, 2018.
23. "Race Has Eighty-One Licensed Aircraft Pilots: Chicago Leads with 15". Chicago Defender . February 4, 1939. p. 2 – via ProQuest subscription at Chicago Public Library.
24. Brachear, Manya A. (October 1, 2004). "Still Mr. T: The 'T' is for testimony". Chicago Tribune . Retrieved June 3, 2018.
25. Weisse, Allen B. (2011). "Cardiac Surgery: A Century of Progress". Texas Heart Institute Journal. 38 (5): 486–490. PMC   3231540 . PMID   22163121.
26. National Historic Landmarks Program - Williams, Daniel Hale, House Archived 2011-06-05 at the Wayback Machine (2006). Retrieved 25 June 2007.
27. Beale, Anthony (February 10, 2010). "Ordinance 2010-189: Designation of Buildings Associated With Chicago Black Renaissance Literary Movement as Chicago Landmarks" (PDF). Journal of Proceedings. Chicago, Illinois: Chicago City Council. p. 84566. Retrieved December 4, 2020.