Dr. Daniel Hale Williams House | |
Location | 445 E. 42nd Street, Chicago, IL |
---|---|
Coordinates | 41°49′7.43″N87°36′54.93″W / 41.8187306°N 87.6152583°W Coordinates: 41°49′7.43″N87°36′54.93″W / 41.8187306°N 87.6152583°W |
Built | 1905 |
Architectural style | Queen Anne |
NRHP reference No. | 75000655 [1] |
Significant dates | |
Added to NRHP | May 15, 1975 |
Designated NHL | May 15, 1975 [2] |
The Daniel Hale Williams House is the former home of Dr. Daniel Hale Williams (1856-1931), one of the first major African American surgeons. Located at 445 East 42nd Street in the Grand Boulevard community area of Chicago Illinois, the building was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1975. [3]
The Daniel Hale Williams House stands on the south side of 42nd Street on Chicago's South Side, about 1/2 block east of Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard. It is a modest 1+1⁄2-story wood-frame structure, with a roughly L-shaped plan covered by a gabled roof. The front facade has a single-story porch across it, sheltering the main entrance in the left bay, and a polygonal window bay in the right. In the gable above the bay there is a sash window topped by a gabled cornice. The house is not of particular architectural interest, and is estimated to have been built about 1905, when it was purchased by Daniel Hale Williams. [4]
Dr. Williams is best known as the first American doctor to perform what would later be known as open heart surgery. In 1893, he operated on a man who had received a stab wound to the heart. At the time the prevailing practice for dealing with direct wounds to the heart was to let the patient die, since it was considered impossible to operate directly on the heart.
Williams was also influential in promoting the development of African-American medical practitioners. Since most white-controlled hospitals were reluctant to take on African-American interns, nurses, and other staff, Williams successfully established the Provident Hospital and Training School, the nation's first hospital and training school controlled by African-Americans. Under his leadership, it trained a generation of medical professionals to exacting standards, and is where he performed the above-described operation. [4]
Grand Boulevard, located on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, is one of the well-defined Chicago Community Areas. The boulevard from which the community area takes its name now bears the name of Martin Luther King Jr. Drive. The area is bounded by 39th to the north, 51st Street to the south, Cottage Grove Avenue to the east, and the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad tracks to the west.
Daniel Hale Williams was an African-American surgeon, who in 1893 performed what is referred to as "the first successful heart surgery". It was performed at Chicago's Provident Hospital, which he founded in 1891 as the first non-segregated hospital in the United States.
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Provident Hospital of Cook County is a public hospital in Chicago, Illinois that was founded as the first African-American-owned and operated hospital in America. It was established in 1891 by Dr. Daniel Hale Williams, an African-American surgeon during the time in American history where few medical facilities were open to them.
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