The city of Chicago is located in northern Illinois, United States, at the south western tip of Lake Michigan. It sits on the Saint Lawrence Seaway continental divide at the site of the Chicago Portage, an ancient trade route connecting the Mississippi River and the Great Lakes watersheds.
Chicago's present natural geography is a result of the large glaciers of the Ice Age, namely the Wisconsinan Glaciation that carved out the modern basin of Lake Michigan (which formed from the glacier's meltwater). The city of Chicago itself sits on the Chicago Plain, a flat plain that was once the bottom of ancestral Lake Chicago. This plain has very little topographical relief; in fact, topographical relief is so unusual in the plain that what would be unnoticed hills and ridges in other locales have been given names. The highest natural point within the city limits is in the Beverly neighborhood at 41°42′12.5″N87°40′37″W / 41.703472°N 87.67694°W at 672 ft (205 m). [1] In pioneer days, this hill was called Blue Island, so named because at a distance it looked like an island set in a trackless prairie sea. In fact, it and the nearby Stony Island were both islands in Lake Chicago as it receded. On the North side, the diagonals Clark Street and Ridge Boulevard run along ridges that were once sandbars in the Lake.
One special feature of the Chicago area was the now-vanished Mud Lake in the Des Plaines River watershed. During heavy periods of rain or when the Des Plaines overflowed its banks due to downstream ice dams in the early spring, the river would flow through Mud Lake to the South Branch of the Chicago River, forming a favorite portage for early traders and creating the path of the future I&M and Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canals. When the city we know today was initially founded in the 1830s, the land was swampy and most of the early building began on low dunes around the Chicago River's mouth. Indeed, Chicago's low lying geography, which ultimately became crucial to its boom town development (as the site of the Chicago Portage and canal), could not initially attract substantial early settlement because the tall grass prairie around its lake and river systems was underlain by hard packed glacial clay, making much of the area forbidding wetlands. [2] Thus, the paradox of Chicago's development as a city in the 19th century became taking advantage of this geography, but also overcoming its limitations.
North of the city of Chicago, there are steep bluffs and ravines that run along Lake Michigan. In contrast, south of the city of Chicago into Northwest Indiana it is without bluffs, but instead has sand dunes. The greatest example of these can be seen at Indiana Dunes National Park, where some dunes reach up to almost 200 feet. Farther inland, a series of moraines surrounds the Chicago Plain. This surrounding area is hilly and higher than the Chicago Plain. Past the moraines, the land flattens out again, but is interspersed with a few deep river valleys such as the Illinois River, Fox River, Des Plaines River, and Kankakee River. Here you may find rock cliffs and rock ravines, which are absent from the interior Chicago area (the ravines of the north shore and south suburbs are soil ravines without any rock).
During the Silurian geological age, the area now known as Chicago was submersed under a warm saltwater sea. Limestone eventually formed from the decay and buildup of shellfish and other calcium-rich sea creatures. In the Chicago area, the limestone underwent a further transformation into dolostone. Dolostone is the bedrock beneath Chicago's dense layer of clay and glacial debris.
The world's second largest aggregate quarry, Thornton Quarry, exists just south of the city limits in the suburb of Thornton. The dolostone bedrock rises close to the ground surface in this area, and hence this area has had active quarries since the 1840s.
This layer of ancient Silurian dolomite is usually hundreds of feet below the ground surface throughout much of the Chicago area. Exceptions include near the Stearns Quarry in the Bridgeport neighborhood, the quarry (now landfill) in Hillside, the lower Des Plaines River and the Calumet-Sag Valleys. [3] The Silurian dolostone bedrock is also exposed at the ground surface when the Kennedy Expressway dips below the UP Northwest Line near Addison Street.
The city lies within the humid continental climate zone, and experiences four distinct seasons. Summers are warm and humid with a July average of 75.5 °F (24.2 °C). Winters are cold, snowy and windy with temperatures below freezing. Spring and fall are mild with moderate humidity. According to the National Weather Service, Chicago's highest official temperature reading of 107 °F (42 °C) was recorded on June 1, 1934. The lowest temperature of −27 °F (−33 °C) was recorded on January 20, 1985. Along with long, hot dry spells in the summer, Chicago can suffer extreme winter cold spells. In the entire month of January 1977, the temperature did not rise above 31 °F (−0.6 °C). The average temperature that month was around 10 °F (−12 °C).
Chicago's yearly precipitation averages about 34 inches (860 millimeters). Summer is typically the rainiest season, with short-lived rainfall and thunderstorms more common than prolonged rainy periods. [4] Winter precipitation tends to be more snow than rain. Chicago's snowiest winter on record was that of 1978–79, with 89.7 inches (227.8 cm) of snow in total. The winter of 2007–08, with more than 61 inches (155 cm) of snow, was the snowiest in nearly three decades, and the winter of 2008/2009 produced just over 50 inches (127 cm). This marked the first time in three decades that back-to-back winters produced 50 inches or more of snow. Average winter snowfall is normally, depending on the reporting location, 43.1 inches (109.5 cm). The highest one-day snowfall total in Chicago history was 18.6 inches (47.2 cm) on January 2, 1999. [5] Chicago's highest one-day rainfall total was 6.63 inches (168.4 mm) on September 13, 2008. [6] The previous record of 6.49 inches (164.8 mm) had been set on August 14, 1987. The record for yearly rainfall is 50.86 inches (1,292 mm) set in 2008; 1983 was the wettest year before with 49.35 inches (1,253 mm). [6]
| Climate data for Chicago (Midway Airport), 1991–2020 normals, [lower-alpha 1] extremes 1928–present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 67 (19) | 75 (24) | 86 (30) | 92 (33) | 102 (39) | 107 (42) | 109 (43) | 104 (40) | 102 (39) | 94 (34) | 81 (27) | 72 (22) | 109 (43) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 53.4 (11.9) | 57.9 (14.4) | 72.0 (22.2) | 81.5 (27.5) | 89.2 (31.8) | 93.9 (34.4) | 96.0 (35.6) | 94.2 (34.6) | 90.8 (32.7) | 82.8 (28.2) | 68.0 (20.0) | 57.5 (14.2) | 97.1 (36.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 32.8 (0.4) | 36.8 (2.7) | 47.9 (8.8) | 60.0 (15.6) | 71.5 (21.9) | 81.2 (27.3) | 85.2 (29.6) | 83.1 (28.4) | 76.5 (24.7) | 63.7 (17.6) | 49.6 (9.8) | 37.7 (3.2) | 60.5 (15.8) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 26.2 (−3.2) | 29.9 (−1.2) | 39.9 (4.4) | 50.9 (10.5) | 61.9 (16.6) | 71.9 (22.2) | 76.7 (24.8) | 75.0 (23.9) | 67.8 (19.9) | 55.3 (12.9) | 42.4 (5.8) | 31.5 (−0.3) | 52.4 (11.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 19.5 (−6.9) | 22.9 (−5.1) | 32.0 (0.0) | 41.7 (5.4) | 52.4 (11.3) | 62.7 (17.1) | 68.1 (20.1) | 66.9 (19.4) | 59.2 (15.1) | 46.8 (8.2) | 35.2 (1.8) | 25.3 (−3.7) | 44.4 (6.9) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | −3 (−19) | 3.4 (−15.9) | 14.1 (−9.9) | 28.2 (−2.1) | 39.1 (3.9) | 49.3 (9.6) | 58.6 (14.8) | 57.6 (14.2) | 45.0 (7.2) | 31.8 (−0.1) | 19.7 (−6.8) | 5.3 (−14.8) | −6.5 (−21.4) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −25 (−32) | −20 (−29) | −7 (−22) | 10 (−12) | 28 (−2) | 35 (2) | 46 (8) | 43 (6) | 29 (−2) | 20 (−7) | −3 (−19) | −20 (−29) | −25 (−32) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 2.30 (58) | 2.12 (54) | 2.66 (68) | 4.15 (105) | 4.75 (121) | 4.53 (115) | 4.02 (102) | 4.10 (104) | 3.33 (85) | 3.86 (98) | 2.73 (69) | 2.33 (59) | 40.88 (1,038) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 12.5 (32) | 10.1 (26) | 5.7 (14) | 1.0 (2.5) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.1 (0.25) | 1.5 (3.8) | 7.9 (20) | 38.8 (99) |
| Average extreme snow depth inches (cm) | 7 (18) | 7 (18) | 4 (10) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.5) | 4 (10) | 7 (18) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 11.5 | 9.4 | 11.1 | 12.0 | 12.4 | 11.1 | 10.0 | 9.3 | 8.4 | 10.8 | 10.2 | 10.8 | 127.0 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 8.9 | 6.4 | 3.9 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 1.6 | 6.3 | 28.2 |
| Average ultraviolet index | 1 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
| Source 1: NOAA [7] [8] [9] , WRCC [10] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather Atlas (UV) [11] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Chicago (O'Hare Int'l Airport), 1991–2020 normals, [lower-alpha 1] extremes 1871–present [lower-alpha 2] | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 67 (19) | 75 (24) | 88 (31) | 91 (33) | 98 (37) | 104 (40) | 105 (41) | 102 (39) | 101 (38) | 94 (34) | 81 (27) | 71 (22) | 105 (41) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 52.3 (11.3) | 56.8 (13.8) | 71.0 (21.7) | 80.9 (27.2) | 88.0 (31.1) | 93.1 (33.9) | 94.9 (34.9) | 93.2 (34.0) | 89.7 (32.1) | 81.7 (27.6) | 67.0 (19.4) | 56.4 (13.6) | 96.0 (35.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 31.6 (−0.2) | 35.7 (2.1) | 47.0 (8.3) | 59.0 (15.0) | 70.5 (21.4) | 80.4 (26.9) | 84.5 (29.2) | 82.5 (28.1) | 75.5 (24.2) | 62.7 (17.1) | 48.4 (9.1) | 36.6 (2.6) | 59.5 (15.3) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 25.2 (−3.8) | 28.8 (−1.8) | 39.0 (3.9) | 49.7 (9.8) | 60.6 (15.9) | 70.6 (21.4) | 75.4 (24.1) | 73.8 (23.2) | 66.3 (19.1) | 54.0 (12.2) | 41.3 (5.2) | 30.5 (−0.8) | 51.3 (10.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 18.8 (−7.3) | 21.8 (−5.7) | 31.0 (−0.6) | 40.3 (4.6) | 50.6 (10.3) | 60.8 (16.0) | 66.4 (19.1) | 65.1 (18.4) | 57.1 (13.9) | 45.4 (7.4) | 34.1 (1.2) | 24.4 (−4.2) | 43.0 (6.1) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | −4.5 (−20.3) | 0.5 (−17.5) | 11.8 (−11.2) | 25.6 (−3.6) | 36.7 (2.6) | 46.0 (7.8) | 54.5 (12.5) | 54.3 (12.4) | 41.8 (5.4) | 29.7 (−1.3) | 17.3 (−8.2) | 3.2 (−16.0) | −8.5 (−22.5) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −27 (−33) | −21 (−29) | −12 (−24) | 7 (−14) | 27 (−3) | 35 (2) | 45 (7) | 42 (6) | 29 (−2) | 14 (−10) | −2 (−19) | −25 (−32) | −27 (−33) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 1.99 (51) | 1.97 (50) | 2.45 (62) | 3.75 (95) | 4.49 (114) | 4.10 (104) | 3.71 (94) | 4.25 (108) | 3.19 (81) | 3.43 (87) | 2.42 (61) | 2.11 (54) | 37.86 (962) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 11.3 (29) | 10.7 (27) | 5.5 (14) | 1.3 (3.3) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.2 (0.51) | 1.8 (4.6) | 7.6 (19) | 38.4 (98) |
| Average extreme snow depth inches (cm) | 6 (15) | 6 (15) | 4 (10) | 1 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.5) | 3 (7.6) | 6 (15) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 11.0 | 9.4 | 10.8 | 12.3 | 12.5 | 11.1 | 9.7 | 9.4 | 8.5 | 10.5 | 10.0 | 10.6 | 125.8 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 8.5 | 6.4 | 4.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 1.6 | 6.1 | 27.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 72.2 | 71.6 | 69.7 | 64.9 | 64.1 | 65.6 | 68.5 | 70.7 | 71.1 | 68.6 | 72.5 | 75.5 | 69.6 |
| Average dew point °F (°C) | 13.6 (−10.2) | 17.6 (−8.0) | 27.1 (−2.7) | 35.8 (2.1) | 45.7 (7.6) | 55.8 (13.2) | 61.7 (16.5) | 61.0 (16.1) | 53.8 (12.1) | 41.7 (5.4) | 31.6 (−0.2) | 20.1 (−6.6) | 38.8 (3.8) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 135.8 | 136.2 | 187.0 | 215.3 | 281.9 | 311.4 | 318.4 | 283.0 | 226.6 | 193.2 | 113.3 | 106.3 | 2,508.4 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 46 | 46 | 51 | 54 | 62 | 68 | 69 | 66 | 60 | 56 | 38 | 37 | 56 |
| Source: NOAA (relative humidity, dew point and sun 1961–1990) [8] [14] [15] | |||||||||||||
According to the United States Census Bureau, the City of Chicago has a total area of 606.1 km2 (234.0 mi2). 588.3 km2 (227.1 mi2) of it is land and 17.8 square kilometres (6.9 sq mi) of it is water. The total area is 2.94% water. The city has been built on relatively flat land, the average height of land is 579 feet (176 m) above sea level. The centroid (geographical center) of the city is at 41°50′26″N87°40′46″W / 41.840675°N 87.679365°W , [16] southeast of 28th and Leavitt Streets in an industrial area near the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal. (Before annexations in the 1950s, notably for O'Hare International Airport, references placed the geographical center near 37th and Honore Streets.) Chicago, along with New York City and Los Angeles, California are the three most populous cities of the U.S., yet Chicago is only half the other two cities' individual land areas. Chicago's nickname, "The Windy City," actually acquired from a political op-ed piece, fits the city well as its location on Lake Michigan moderates the climate and often provides a breeze.
The Chicago Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) consists of Cook county and five surrounding Illinois counties as well as the Chicago–Gary–Kenosha Combined Statistical Area (CSA) which is made up of nine counties, two of them in northwestern Indiana and one in southeastern Wisconsin.
 | This article possibly contains original research .(April 2008) |
After building the first ever skyscraper (Home Insurance Building), Chicago has been at the forefront of skyscraper building ever since. Today Chicago can boast to having 2 of the 10 tallest buildings in the United States and 9 of the 100 in the world.
By modern standards, Chicago has little reason to build up: being located in the Midwest, it has plenty of room to sprawl outwards on almost Euclideanesque flat ground. There is the Chicago River, which may bring some argument as to geographic restriction, but the impact of which was strongly lessened by the strict adherence to the Chicago grid across the river.
Today, Chicago is going through a massive skyscraper building boom, with projects like 55 East Erie (the tallest residential building in the U.S. outside New York City) and Trump International Hotel (completed in August 2008, it is the second tallest in Chicago and the tallest building built in the U.S. for nearly three decades) breaking ground frequently. This can be attributed to the precedent that Chicago has always had a history of frantic skyscraper building, mostly beginning after the Great Chicago Fire when the price of land in the city increased dramatically. This caused architects to start building upward. Since this time developers simply follow the pattern set before them.
Chicago lies between the Temperate deciduous forest and Temperate grassland zone (specifically Central forest–grasslands transition, which traditionally feature tall grass prairie). Trees native to the area, which are all deciduous, include: [17] [18]
The Chicago River is a system of rivers and canals with a combined length of 156 miles (251 km) that runs through the city of Chicago, including its center. Though not especially long, the river is notable because it is one of the reasons for Chicago's geographic importance: the related Chicago Portage is a link between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River Basin, and ultimately the Gulf of Mexico.
The Illinois River is a principal tributary of the Mississippi River at approximately 273 miles (439 km) in length. Located in the U.S. state of Illinois, the river has a drainage basin of 28,756.6 square miles (74,479 km2). The Illinois River begins with the confluence of the Des Plaines and Kankakee rivers in the Chicago metropolitan area, and it generally flows to the southwest across Illinois, until it empties into the Mississippi near Grafton, Illinois. Its drainage basin extends into southeastern Wisconsin, northwestern Indiana, and a very small area of southwestern Michigan in addition to central Illinois. Along its shores are several river ports, including Peoria, Illinois. Historic and recreation areas on the river include Starved Rock, and the internationally important wetlands of the Emiquon Complex and Dixon Waterfowl Refuge.
Will County is a county in the northeastern part of the state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 696,355, an increase of 2.8% from 677,560 in 2010, making it Illinois's fourth-most populous county. The county seat is Joliet. Will County is one of the five collar counties of the Chicago–Naperville–Elgin, IL–IN–WI Metropolitan Statistical Area. The portion of Will County around Joliet uses area codes 815 and 779, while 630 and 331 are for far northern Will County and 708 is for central and eastern Will County.
Lemont is a village located in Cook, DuPage, and Will counties in the U.S. state of Illinois, and is a south-west suburb of Chicago. The population was 17,629 as of the 2020 census. The village is situated on a hillside along the south banks of the Des Plaines River. It overlooks Waterfall Glen's Midwestern Bluff Savanna on the opposite side. Lemont is home to Argonne National Laboratory and other heavy industrial sites, and has a substantial European immigrant population.
Northbrook is a suburb of Chicago, located at the northern edge of Cook County, Illinois, United States, on the border of Lake County. Per the 2020 census, the population was 35,222.
311 South Wacker Drive is a post-modern 65-story skyscraper located in Chicago, Illinois, and completed in 1990. At 961 feet tall, it is the ninth-tallest building in Chicago and the 36th tallest in the United States. It was once the tallest reinforced concrete building in the world. 311 South Wacker was also the tallest building in the world known only by its street address, until it was surpassed in height by New York's 432 Park Avenue in 2015.
The climate of Chicago is classified as hot-summer humid continental with hot humid summers and cold, occasionally snowy winters. All four seasons are distinctly represented: Winters are cold and often see snow with below 0 Celsius temperatures and windchills, while summers are warm and humid with temperatures being hotter inland, spring and fall bring bouts of both cool and warm weather and fairly sunny skies. Annual precipitation in Chicago is moderate and relatively evenly distributed, the driest months being January and February and the wettest July and August. Chicago's weather is influenced during all four seasons by the nearby presence of Lake Michigan.
Illinois is in the midwestern United States. Surrounding states are Wisconsin to the north, Iowa and Missouri to the west, Kentucky to the east and south, and Indiana to the east. Illinois also borders Michigan, but only via a northeastern water boundary in Lake Michigan. Nearly the entire western boundary of Illinois is the Mississippi River, except for a few areas where the river has changed course. Illinois' southeastern and southern boundary is along the Wabash River and the Ohio River, whereas its northern boundary and much of its eastern boundary are straight survey lines. Illinois has a maximum north–south distance of 390 miles (630 km) and 210 miles (340 km) east-west. Its total area is 57,918 square miles (150,010 km2).
Lake Chicago was a prehistoric proglacial lake that is the ancestor of what is now known as Lake Michigan, one of North America's five Great Lakes. Formed about 13,000 years ago and fed by retreating glaciers, it drained south through the Chicago Outlet River.
The geography of Toronto, Ontario, covers an area of 630 km2 (240 sq mi) and is bounded by Lake Ontario to the south; Etobicoke Creek, Eglinton Avenue, and Highway 427 to the west; Steeles Avenue to the north; and the Rouge River and the Scarborough–Pickering Townline to the east. In addition to Etobicoke Creek and the Rouge River, the city is trisected by two minor rivers and their tributaries, the Humber River in the west end and the Don River east of downtown. Both flow southward to Lake Ontario at Humber Bay and Toronto Harbour respectively, which are part of the longer Waterfront, as well as Etobicoke Creek and the Rouge River.
The climate of Minneapolis–Saint Paul is the long term weather trends and historical events of the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area in east central Minnesota. Minneapolis and St. Paul, together known as the Twin Cities, are the core of the 15th largest metropolitan area in the United States. With a population of 3.6 million people, the region contains approximately 60% of the population of Minnesota. Due to its location in the northern and central portion of the U.S., the Twin Cities has the coldest average temperature of any major metropolitan area in the nation. Winters are very cold, summer is warm and humid, snowfall is common in the winter and thunderstorms with heavy rainfall occur during the spring, summer and autumn. Though winter can be cold, the area receives more sunlight hours in mid-winter than many other warmer parts of the country, including all of the Great Lakes states, the Pacific Northwest, parts of the South, and almost all of the Northeast. Unless otherwise indicated, all normals data presented below are based on data at Minneapolis/St. Paul International Airport, the official Twin Cities climatology station, from the 1981−2010 normals period.
The Early Winter 2006 North American storm complex was a severe winter storm that occurred on November 26, 2006, and continued into December 1. It affected much of North America in some form, producing various kinds of severe weather including a major ice storm, blizzard conditions, high winds, extreme cold, a serial derecho and some tornadoes.
The geography of Indiana comprises the physical features of the land and relative location of U.S. State of Indiana. Indiana is in the north-central United States and borders on Lake Michigan. Surrounding states are Michigan to the north and northeast, Illinois to the west, Kentucky to the south, and Ohio to the east. The entire southern boundary is the Ohio River.
The climate of the United States varies due to changes in latitude, and a range of geographic features, including mountains and deserts. Generally, on the mainland, the climate of the U.S. becomes warmer the further south one travels, and drier the further west, until one reaches the West Coast.
The geography of Omaha, Nebraska is characterized by its riverfront position alongside the Missouri River. The city's geography, with its proximity to the river was a factor in making Omaha the "Gateway of the West" from which thousands of settlers traveled into the American West during the 19th century. Environmental issues include more than one hundred years of industrial smelting along the riverfront along with the continuous impact of suburban sprawl on the city's west side. The city's climate is temperate.
The Climate of Illinois describes the weather conditions, and extremes, noted within the state of Illinois, United States, over time.
The Geography of Oklahoma encompasses terrain and ecosystems ranging from arid plains to subtropical forests and mountains. Oklahoma contains 10 distinct ecological regions, more per square mile than in any other state by a wide margin. It is situated in the Great Plains and U.S. Interior Highlands region near the geographical center of the 48 contiguous states. Usually considered part of the South Central United States, Oklahoma is bounded on the east by Arkansas and Missouri, on the north by Kansas, on the northwest by Colorado, on the far west by New Mexico, and on the south and near-west by Texas.
Victoria is the southernmost mainland state of Australia. With an area of 227,444 km2 (87,817 sq mi), it is Australia's sixth largest state/territory, comparable in size to the island of Great Britain or the U.S. state of Utah. It is bound to the northwest by South Australia, directly north by New South Wales, and also shares a maritime border with Tasmania across the Bass Strait to the south. Most of Victoria's northern border lies along the Murray River. The eastern half of the state is dominated by the Australian Alps and the surrounding highlands of the Great Dividing Range, which also to a lesser extent extend far into the west of the state and ease off after The Grampians. By comparison the north and northwest of the state is extremely flat with little prominence.
Long Island is in southeastern New York, United States, separated from the rest of the state by the East River and from Connecticut by Long Island Sound. Long Island contains four counties, of which the western two are boroughs of New York City, and the other two are mainly suburban.
Sag Bridge, Illinois is an Unincorporated community in Lemont Township in southwestern Cook County, Illinois, United States. Sag Bridge is an important waterway junction between the Calumet Sag Channel and the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal. It is also the junction of IL 83 and IL 171 which meet at Sag Bridge to cross the Calumet Sag Channel together on the eponymous bridge. The community was named for a predecessor of the present bridge. It is within the village limits and postal delivery zone of Lemont, Illinois.
