Skyline

For other uses, see Skyline (disambiguation).

"City skyline" redirects here. For the video game, see Cities: Skylines.

Skyline of Lower Manhattan in 2021. The term "Skyline" was first used for New York City in 1896.

Photographic silhouette of the Dubai's skyline; Burj Khalifa, the world's tallest building, is visible at the center.

A skyline is the outline or shape viewed near the horizon. It can be created by a city's overall structure, or by human intervention in a rural setting, or in nature that is formed where the sky meets buildings or the land.

City skylines serve as a pseudo-fingerprint as no two skylines are alike. For this reason, news and sports programs, television shows, and movies often display the skyline of a city to set a location. The term The Sky Line of New York City was introduced in 1896, when it was the title of a color lithograph by Charles Graham for the color supplement of the New York Journal . ^[1] Paul D. Spreiregen, FAIA, has called a [city] skyline "a physical representation [of a city's] facts of life ... a potential work of art ... its collective vista." ^[2]

Features

High-rise buildings

Main article: High-rise building

Detroit's skyline, c. 1929

High-rise buildings, including skyscrapers, are the fundamental feature of urban skylines. ^{[3] [4]} Both contours and cladding (brick or glass) make an impact on the overall appearance of a skyline.

Towers

San Gimignano Towers in Tuscany, Italy

Towers from different eras make for contrasting skylines.

San Gimignano, in Tuscany, Italy, has been described as having an "unforgettable skyline" with its competitively built towers. ^[5]

Remote locations

Mount Everest

Some remote locations have notably striking skylines, created either by nature or by sparse human settlement in an environment not conducive to housing significant populations.

Use in media

Skylines are often used as backgrounds and establishing shots in film, television programs, news websites, and in other forms of media.

Subjective ranking

Skyscrapers of Hong Kong

Skylines may be ranked based on subjective criteria. Skylines are often ranked by height and size, such as by the number of buildings taller than a certain height. The article list of cities with the most skyscrapers ranks cities based on the number of skyscrapers that are taller than 150 metres (490 ft).

Emporis was one such service, which used height and other data to give point values to buildings and added them together for skylines. The three cities it ranked highest in 2012 were Hong Kong, New York City, and Singapore. ^[6]

See also

• Cityscape
• Skyscraper Index
• List of cities with the most skyscrapers

References

1. "Moving Uptown". New York Public Library. Archived from the original on 2014-12-29. When Charles Graham's view of New York was published, the new term used in the title, "sky line," caught on immediately.
2. Paul D. Spreiregen (1965). Urban Design: The Architecture of Towns and Cities. McGraw-Hill. ISBN   9780070603806.
3. Heath, Tom; Smith, Sandy G.; Lim, Bill (July 2000). "Tall Buildings and the Urban Skyline: The Effect of Visual Complexity on Preferences". Environment and Behavior. 32 (4): 541–556. doi:10.1177/00139160021972658. ISSN   0013-9165. S2CID   5199331.
4. McNeill, Donald (February 2005). "Skyscraper geography". Progress in Human Geography. 29 (1): 41–55. doi:10.1191/0309132505ph527oa. S2CID   220928675. geographers have tended to neglect the substantial impact of skyscrapers on urban life.
5. Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Historic Centre of San Gimignano". whc.unesco.org. Archived from the original on 2016-08-04.
6. "Skyline Ranking". Emporis. Archived from the original on November 6, 2012. Retrieved 29 April 2021.

Further reading

• Emporis ranking of cities by the visual impact of their skylines ^{[ usurped ]}
• Attoe, Wayne (1981). Skylines: understanding and molding urban silhouettes. Wiley. ISBN   9780471279402.
• Bacon, Edmund (1967). Design of Cities. Thames & Hudson. ISBN   978-0-14-004236-8.
• Lim, Bill; Heath, Tom (1993). Hayman H. (ed.). "What is skyline: a quantitative approach". Architectural Science: Past, Present and Future, Proceedings of the Conference of the Australian and New Zealand Architectural Science Association: 23–32.
• Ford, Larry R. (1976). "The urban skyline as a city classification system". Journal of Geography . 75 (3): 154–164. Bibcode:1976JGeog..75..154F. doi:10.1080/00221347608980594.