- ↑ On December 16, 2020, Major League Baseball declared the Negro leagues, from the span of 1920–1948, to be a "Major League". [2] Foster's statistics reflect his time in the Negro leagues from 1920 until the end of his career.
- ↑ In those days, teams did not play the same amount of games as their opponents in a league, which meant certain teams were deemed champion due to their winning percentage rather than by wins
- ↑ Foster also managed in eleven games that ended in ties
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References
- 1 2 Although most biographies say that Foster was born in Calvert, Texas (see Riley, p. 290), a profile in a 1922 book and 1880 census records suggest that he may have been born in Fayette County, Texas near La Grange; see Ashwill, Gary (July 23, 2008). "Mr. G—, Baseball "Magnate"" . Retrieved December 26, 2009. and Ashwill, Gary (August 11, 2008). "Where Was Rube Foster Really Born?" . Retrieved December 26, 2009.
- ↑ "MLB officially designates the Negro Leagues as 'Major League'". MLB.com. December 16, 2020. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
- ↑ "19030911HarrisburgPatriot.pdf". Google Docs.
- ↑ ""All-Stars and Giants Again" Kansas City Star, Kansas City, Missouri, October 18, 1919 Page 14" (PDF).
- 1 2 At Education/Programs, scroll down to "Programs for Adult Learners". Negro Leagues Baseball Museum official website. Retrieved 2011-10-06.
- ↑ Cottrell, 7
- ↑ "Arkansas Baseball Encyclopedia | Hot Springs Arlingtons". Arkansas Baseball Encyclopedia.
- ↑ Holway 1988, 11.
- ↑ Riley, 290.
- ↑ Cottrell, 19.
- ↑ Ashwill, Gary (March 23, 2012). "Rube vs. Rube" . Retrieved March 23, 2012.
- ↑ "19100423ChicagoBroadAx.pdf". Google Docs.
- ↑ Kelly, Matt. "The Father of Black Baseball". mlb.com. MLB Advanced Media, LP. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
- ↑ Lester, Larry (2012). Rube Foster In His Time: On the Field and in the Papers with Black Baseball's Greatest Visionary. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. p. 166.
- ↑ Nilsson, Ryan (12 July 2020). "Founder of the Negro Leagues was not your average Rube". Chicago.suntimes.com. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
- ↑ Odzer, Tim. "Rube Foster". Society For American Baseball Research. Retrieved June 27, 2021.
- ↑ Rumore, Kori (2021-07-25). "As first victim of Chicago's 1919 race riots finally receives a grave marker, here's a look at other notable people buried in Lincoln Cemetery". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2021-07-25.
- 1 2 "Andrew 'Rube' Foster Historical Marker". www.hmdb.org. Retrieved 2025-01-27.
- ↑ "Postal News: Negro Leagues Baseball Stamp". United States Postal Service. December 30, 2009. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved January 5, 2010.
- ↑ "New stamps honors Negro Leagues Baseball". affrodite.net. PRNewswire-USNewswire. July 17, 2010. Retrieved 2011-10-21.
- ↑ "2021 Class to Include Baseball Great and Pioneer "Rube" Foster".
- ↑ Langes, Sarah. "Commemorative coins honor Negro Leagues". mlb.com. MLB Advanced Media, LP. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
- ↑ Gilkes, Paul. "Coins in 2022 honor Negro National League founding". coinworld.com. Amos Media Company. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
- Burns, Ken (1994), Baseball:A Film by Ken Burns, Florentine Films, The Baseball Film Project, WETA
- Clark, Dick; Lester, Larry (1994), The Negro Leagues Book, Cleveland, Ohio: Society for American Baseball Research
- Cottrell, Robert Charles (2001), The Best Pitcher in Baseball: The Life of Rube Foster, Negro League Giant, New York: New York University Press, ISBN 0-8147-1614-8
- Holway, John B. (1988), Blackball Stars: Negro League Pioneers, Westport, Connecticut: Meckler Books, ISBN 0-88736-094-7
- Holway, John B. (2001), The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues: The Other Half of Baseball History, Fern Park, Florida: Hastings House Publishers, ISBN 0-8038-2007-0
- Riley, James A. (1994). "Foster, Andrew (Rube, Jock)". The Biographical Encyclopedia of the Negro Baseball Leagues . Carroll & Graf. pp. 290–92. ISBN 0-7867-0959-6.
- (Riley.) Andrew "Rube" Foster, Personal profiles at Negro Leagues Baseball Museum. – identical to Riley (confirmed 2010-04-16)
External links
- Rube Foster at the Baseball Hall of Fame
- Negro league and Cuban League statistics and player information from Seamheads.com, or Baseball Reference (Negro leagues)
- Rube Foster managerial career statistics at Baseball-Reference.com and Seamheads
| Rube Foster | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Pitcher / Manager / Owner | |
| Born:September 17, 1879 Calvert, Texas, U.S. [1] | |
| Died: December 9, 1930 (aged 51) Kankakee, Illinois, U.S. | |
Batted: Right Threw: Right | |
| Negro leagues debut | |
| 1902, for the Chicago Union Giants | |
| Last Negro leagues appearance | |
| 1917, for the Chicago American Giants |
| |
| Franchise | |
| Ballparks |
|
| League affiliations | |
| Hall of Famers | |
| Culture | |
| Colored World Series championships (2) | |
| League pennants (6) | |
| Other play-off appearances |
|
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
