Stewart County | |
---|---|
Coordinates: 32°05′N84°50′W / 32.08°N 84.84°W | |
Country | United States |
State | Georgia |
Founded | December 23, 1830 |
Named for | Daniel Stewart |
Seat | Lumpkin |
Largest city | Richland |
Area | |
• Total | 464 sq mi (1,200 km2) |
• Land | 459 sq mi (1,190 km2) |
• Water | 4.9 sq mi (13 km2) 1.1% |
Population (2020) | |
• Total | 5,314 |
• Density | 12/sq mi (5/km2) |
Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
Congressional district | 2nd |
Website | www |
Stewart County is a county located in the west central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,314. [1] The county seat is Lumpkin. [2] The county was created on December 23, 1830.
The area was inhabited by Native Americans for thousands of years in the Pre-Columbian period. Roods Landing site on the Chattahoochee River is a significant archaeological site located south of Omaha. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, it includes major earthwork mounds built about 1100–1350 CE by peoples of the sophisticated Mississippian culture. Another Mississippian site is the Singer Moye Mounds, located in the southern part of the county.
The first Europeans to encounter the Native Americans were Spanish explorers in the mid-16th century. At that time the historical Creek tribe inhabited the southern two thirds of what is now defined as Georgia, west of the Low Country. they are believed to be the descendants of the Mississippian culture.
They maintained their territory until after European American settlers arrived in increasing number in the early decades of the 19th century. The ensuing conflicts ultimately resulted in most of the Creek people's being driven out of the region. In the 1830s under Indian removal, the US federal government forced most Creek to relocate west of the Mississippi River, to Indian Territory in what became present-day Oklahoma.
Stewart County was created by an act [3] of the Georgia General Assembly on December 23, 1830, from land that had been part of Randolph County, Georgia. [4] The county is named for Daniel Stewart, a Revolutionary War veteran, and fighter against American Indians. He was one of the four great-grandfathers of U.S. president Theodore Roosevelt. [5]
Settlers developed the area as large cotton plantations, part of the "Black Belt" of Georgia and the Deep South. Before the American Civil War, planters depended on enslaved labor of thousands of African Americans to cultivate and process the cotton for market. Mostly born in the United States, the slaves were transported from the Upper South, with many families broken up when some members were purchased through sales in the domestic slave trade.
In 1850, the county reached its peak in wealth as one of the largest cotton producers in the state. It had the tenth-largest population of any county in the state, [6] with 16,027 people. [7] African-American slaves numbered 7,373, or 46% of the population. [8]
By 1860, the county population was 13,422. The apparent drop was due to the counties of Kinchafoonee (later Webster County) and Quitman being created from Stewart County territory in 1853 and 1858, respectively. [7] There were 5,534 slaves in the redefined Stewart County, constituting more than one-third of the population. [9]
After the war and emancipation, cotton continued as the major commodity crop and additional territory was developed by planters for cultivation. Many freedmen became sharecroppers and tenant farmers in the area, which was agricultural for decades, but in decline. Stewart County lost its premier position when it was bypassed by developing railroads, which went to the north and south. It did not have railroad access until 1885. [5]
Inappropriate farming practices and over-cultivation of cotton from before the Civil War led to extensive land erosion by the early 20th century. Together with mechanization of agriculture and damage due to infestation by the boll weevil, there were losses in this part of the economy. Population declined. Up to the mid century, many blacks left the area in two waves of the Great Migration, seeking escape from Jim Crow conditions, and jobs and better lives in northern and midwestern industrial cities. Farmers shifted to cultivating peanuts and later pine trees to reclaim and restore the land. Population losses continued throughout the 20th century, as the forest and lumber industry did not require as many laborers. [5]
In 1965, some of the towns in the county began to redevelop their historic properties to attract tourists and expand the economy. Lumpkin, Omaha and Louvale all had relatively intact historic properties and commercial districts. Green Grove is an historic African-American community established by freedmen after the Civil War. Stewart was the first rural county in the state to use historic preservation and Main Street redevelopment to support heritage tourism. [5]
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 464 square miles (1,200 km2), of which 459 square miles (1,190 km2) is land and 4.9 square miles (13 km2) (1.1%) is water. [10] The county is mainly located in the upper Gulf coastal plain region of the state, with a few hills due to its close proximity to the fall line.
The vast majority of Stewart County is located in the Middle Chattahoochee River-Walter F. George Lake sub-basin of the ACF River Basin (Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin). Just the very eastern edge of the county, bordered by a north-to-south line running through Richland, is located in the Kinchafoonee-Muckalee sub-basin of the same ACF Basin, with the very southeastern corner located in the Ichawaynochaway Creek sub-basin of the larger ACF River Basin. [11]
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1840 | 12,933 | — | |
1850 | 16,027 | 23.9% | |
1860 | 13,422 | −16.3% | |
1870 | 14,204 | 5.8% | |
1880 | 13,998 | −1.5% | |
1890 | 15,682 | 12.0% | |
1900 | 15,856 | 1.1% | |
1910 | 13,437 | −15.3% | |
1920 | 12,089 | −10.0% | |
1930 | 11,114 | −8.1% | |
1940 | 10,603 | −4.6% | |
1950 | 9,194 | −13.3% | |
1960 | 7,371 | −19.8% | |
1970 | 6,511 | −11.7% | |
1980 | 5,896 | −9.4% | |
1990 | 5,654 | −4.1% | |
2000 | 5,252 | −7.1% | |
2010 | 6,058 | 15.3% | |
2020 | 5,314 | −12.3% | |
2023 (est.) | 4,674 | [12] | −12.0% |
U.S. Decennial Census [13] 1790-1880 [14] 1890-1910 [15] 1920-1930 [16] 1930-1940 [17] 1940-1950 [18] 1960-1980 [19] 1980-2000 [20] 2010 [21] |
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2010 [22] | Pop 2020 [23] | % 2010 | % 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|
White alone (NH) | 1,655 | 1,338 | 27.32% | 25.18% |
Black or African American alone (NH) | 2,833 | 2,461 | 46.76% | 46.31% |
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 11 | 10 | 0.18% | 0.19% |
Asian alone (NH) | 44 | 167 | 0.73% | 3.14% |
Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 1 | 5 | 0.02% | 0.09% |
Other race alone (NH) | 9 | 8 | 0.15% | 0.15% |
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 51 | 108 | 0.84% | 2.03% |
Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 1,454 | 1,217 | 24.00% | 22.90% |
Total | 6,058 | 5,314 | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 5,314 people, 1,816 households, and 1,138 families residing in the county.
Florence Marina State Park and Providence Canyon State Park are located in Stewart County.
About 800 acres (3.2 km2) of the Eufaula National Wildlife Refuge are located along the Chattahoochee River's eastern shores in Stewart County. In addition, the Hannahatchee Wildlife Management Area is a 5,600-acre (23 km2) hunting preserve.
Sheriff Larry Jones is the Chief Law Enforcement Officer for this county.
Stewart County is reliably Democratic. In US presidential elections between 1880 and 2020 Stewart County has only voted Republican twice.
Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
2024 | 847 | 41.77% | 1,177 | 58.04% | 4 | 0.20% |
2020 | 801 | 40.25% | 1,182 | 59.40% | 7 | 0.35% |
2016 | 805 | 39.12% | 1,222 | 59.38% | 31 | 1.51% |
2012 | 745 | 35.89% | 1,323 | 63.73% | 8 | 0.39% |
2008 | 783 | 37.13% | 1,305 | 61.88% | 21 | 1.00% |
2004 | 797 | 39.22% | 1,220 | 60.04% | 15 | 0.74% |
2000 | 675 | 34.54% | 1,267 | 64.84% | 12 | 0.61% |
1996 | 525 | 23.67% | 1,537 | 69.30% | 156 | 7.03% |
1992 | 1,186 | 40.77% | 1,540 | 52.94% | 183 | 6.29% |
1988 | 832 | 42.17% | 1,136 | 57.58% | 5 | 0.25% |
1984 | 805 | 38.10% | 1,308 | 61.90% | 0 | 0.00% |
1980 | 611 | 29.28% | 1,440 | 69.00% | 36 | 1.72% |
1976 | 433 | 20.97% | 1,632 | 79.03% | 0 | 0.00% |
1972 | 1,020 | 74.29% | 353 | 25.71% | 0 | 0.00% |
1968 | 233 | 14.09% | 489 | 29.56% | 932 | 56.35% |
1964 | 1,037 | 73.39% | 373 | 26.40% | 3 | 0.21% |
1960 | 302 | 31.86% | 646 | 68.14% | 0 | 0.00% |
1956 | 235 | 25.35% | 692 | 74.65% | 0 | 0.00% |
1952 | 311 | 27.60% | 816 | 72.40% | 0 | 0.00% |
1948 | 46 | 7.82% | 276 | 46.94% | 266 | 45.24% |
1944 | 78 | 11.56% | 597 | 88.44% | 0 | 0.00% |
1940 | 52 | 7.98% | 600 | 92.02% | 0 | 0.00% |
1936 | 49 | 7.20% | 628 | 92.22% | 4 | 0.59% |
1932 | 15 | 2.48% | 588 | 97.03% | 3 | 0.50% |
1928 | 88 | 10.73% | 732 | 89.27% | 0 | 0.00% |
1924 | 24 | 5.16% | 408 | 87.74% | 33 | 7.10% |
1920 | 31 | 8.27% | 344 | 91.73% | 0 | 0.00% |
1916 | 14 | 2.74% | 474 | 92.76% | 23 | 4.50% |
1912 | 7 | 1.47% | 452 | 94.96% | 17 | 3.57% |
Worth County is a county located in the south-central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 20,784. The county seat is Sylvester. Worth County is included in the Albany, GA metropolitan statistical area.
Webster County is a county located in the west central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census reflected a population of 2,348, making it the third-least populous county in Georgia. The county seat is Preston.
Taylor County is a county located in the west central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,816. The county seat and largest city is Butler.
Sumter County is a county located in the west-central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, its population was 29,616. The county seat is Americus. The county was created on December 26, 1831.
Seminole County is a county located in the southwestern corner of U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,147. The county seat is Donalsonville.
Schley County is a county located in the west-central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 U.S. census, its population was 4,547. The county seat is Ellaville.
Randolph County is a county located in the southwestern portion of the U.S. state of Georgia and is considered part of the Black Belt, historically an area of plantations. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,425, roughly one-third of its peak population in 1910, when there were numerous agricultural workers. The county seat is Cuthbert.
Miller County is a county located in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,000. The county seat is Colquitt. The county was created on February 26, 1856, and named after Andrew Jackson Miller (1806–56), president of the Medical College of Georgia.
Marion County is a county located in the west central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 7,498. The county seat is Buena Vista. The county was created on December 14, 1827. The county was named for General Francis Marion of South Carolina.
Lumpkin County is a county in the Northeast region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 33,488. Its county seat is Dahlonega. Lumpkin County is included in the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, Georgia metropolitan statistical area.
Lee County is a county located in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 33,163. The county was established in 1825 and its county seat is Leesburg. Lee County is included in the Albany, GA metropolitan statistical area.
Heard County is a county located in the west central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. At the 2020 census, the population was 11,412, down from 11,834 in 2010. The county seat is Franklin. The county was created on December 22, 1830.
Hall County is a county in the Northeast region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 203,136, up from 179,684 at the 2010 census. The county seat is Gainesville. The entirety of Hall County comprises the Gainesville, Georgia, Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also part of the Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs, Combined Statistical Area.
Dougherty County is located in the southwestern portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 85,790. The county seat and sole incorporated city is Albany.
Decatur County is a county located in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 29,367. The county seat is Bainbridge.
Crisp County is a county located in the central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 20,128. The county seat is Cordele. The county was created on August 17, 1905, from Dooly County and named for Georgia Congressman Charles Frederick Crisp.
Colquitt County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 45,898. The county seat is Moultrie. The county was created on February 25, 1856, and is named for Walter Terry Colquitt, a U.S. senator. Colquitt County comprises the Moultrie, GA micropolitan statistical area.
Chattahoochee County, also known as Cusseta-Chattahoochee County, is a county located on the western border in central Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,565. The county seat is Cusseta, with which the county shares a consolidated city-county government. The city of Cusseta remains a geographically distinct municipality within Chattahoochee County. The county was created on February 13, 1854.
Baker County is a county in Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 2,876, making it the fifth-least populous county in Georgia. The county seat and only city is Newton. The county was created December 12, 1825, from the eastern portion of Early County by an act of the Georgia General Assembly and is named for Colonel John Baker, a hero of the American Revolutionary War.
Lumpkin is a city and county seat of Stewart County, Georgia, United States. Per the 2020 census, the population was 891.