McIntosh County | |
---|---|
![]() McIntosh County Courthouse in Darien | |
![]() Location within the U.S. state of Georgia | |
![]() Georgia's location within the U.S. | |
Coordinates: 31°29′N81°22′W / 31.48°N 81.37°W | |
Country | ![]() |
State | ![]() |
Founded | 1793 |
Named for | Lachlan McIntosh |
Seat | Darien |
Largest city | Darien |
Area | |
• Total | 574 sq mi (1,490 km2) |
• Land | 424 sq mi (1,100 km2) |
• Water | 150 sq mi (400 km2) 26.1% |
Population (2020) | |
• Total | 10,975 |
• Density | 26/sq mi (10/km2) |
Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
Congressional district | 1st |
Website | mcintoshcountyga.com |
McIntosh County is a county located in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,975, [1] a drop of 23.4 percent since the 2010 census. The county seat is Darien. [2]
McIntosh County is included in the Brunswick, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The area which was formally named McIntosh County was originally settled by the British in 1721 with the construction of Fort King George, which was part of a set of forts built as a buffer between the British colonies to the north and Spanish Florida to the south, under the direction of General James Oglethorpe. New Inverness (later named Darien) was founded in 1736 by Scottish Highlanders who were enticed to move to Georgia by General Oglethorpe. In 1760, the British built Fort Barrington on the north side of the Altamaha River about 12 miles (19 km) northwest of present-day Darien. It was used for decades as a transportation and communication center up and down coastal Georgia. The County split off from Liberty County in 1793.
The new county was named McIntosh for its most famous family, which included Lachlan McIntosh, who was a general in the Continental Army. The McIntosh clan in Darien dates back to 1736. [3] [4] [5]
Few Georgia counties suffered during the Civil War as much as McIntosh County. The agricultural loss of the plantations was devastating. Even the lumber industry was destroyed, along with the once-thriving seaport town of Darien, Georgia which was the result of the burning of Darien in the "total war" tactics of James Montgomery in June 1863. [4] [6] [7]
After the burning of Darien in 1863 under the command of U.S. Army Col. James Montgomery, the area was left mostly defenseless. A group of civilians, generally too old for military service, were the only defense against looting by the U.S. military from the naval blockade boats. The men were meeting at Ebenezer Church on the night of August 3, 1864. A spy told the U.S. military about the meeting. U.S. troops surrounded the church and opened fire. The 26 men were captured, marched to near Darien (about 10 miles away), put on ships and sent to prisons in the north. [8]
From the end of the Civil war to Georgia's 1907 disenfranchisement laws, McIntosh County was a base of black political power in the state. "Tunis Campbell was the highest-ranking and most influential African American politician in nineteenth-century Georgia", according to the New Georgia Encyclopedia. [10] In March 1865, Tunis G. Campbell Sr. was put in supervision of land claims at the Freedmen's Bureau for a group of Georgia barrier islands, including Sapelo in McIntosh County. After the land in question was returned to plantation owners by President Andrew Johnson, “Campbell quickly purchased 1,250 acres at Belle Ville in McIntosh County and there established an association of black landowners to divide parcels and profit from the land.” [10]
After the military registration carried out in early 1867, 600 black people and 307 white people were on the voter rolls in McIntosh. [11] [12]
In late 1867, Campbell was elected as one of two delegates from the second senatorial district – Liberty, McIntosh, and Tattnall counties – to Georgia's constitutional convention. [13]
In April 1868, Campbell was elected as the state senator for the second district, and his son Tunis G. Campbell Jr. was elected as state representative for McIntosh County. [14] While both Campbells were among the black legislators expelled later in 1868, they were able to return to office in 1871; Campbell Sr. left office in 1872, while Campbell Jr. served until 1874. [15]
Campbell Sr. also served as the Vice President of the Georgia Republican Party. As an elected official, “Campbell [Sr.] organized a black power structure in McIntosh County that protected freed people from white abuses, whether against their bodies or in labor negotiations,” and he was rumored to be protected by a 300-person militia. [10] In fact, that power structure lasted for decades, as evidenced by the fact that the county had three black representatives from 1875 to 1907: Amos R. Rodgers (1878–79), Lectured Crawford (1886-7, 1890–1, 1900–1), and William H. Rogers (1902–07). [15]
Despite its large number of black residents, McIntosh County politics continued to be dominated by whites well into the 1970s, even following the federal civil rights legislation of the previous decade. In September 1975, the Georgia Legal Services Program, on behalf of the local NAACP, filed suit in United States District Court, alleging that women and blacks were systematically excluded from grand juries responsible for appointing members to the McIntosh County Board of Education. The following May, plaintiffs and county officials reached an agreement providing for random jury selection. [16]
In 1977, the NAACP filed separate suits against McIntosh County and the City of Darien, alleging improper districting for county and city commission seats. The county settled out of court, agreeing to redraw its commission boundaries to include a black-majority district. The NAACP lost its suit against the city, but this decision was remanded and reversed in 1979 by the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. [17]
Praying for Sheetrock: A Work of Nonfiction ( ISBN 0-201-55048-2) by Melissa Fay Greene narrates the events surrounding the civil rights movement in McIntosh County, particularly the death of Sheriff Thomas H. Poppell and the 1978 election of black rights activist Thurnell Alston as county commissioner. [18]
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 574 square miles (1,490 km2), of which 424 square miles (1,100 km2) is land and 150 square miles (390 km2) (26.1%) is water. [19]
The vast majority of McIntosh County is located in the Ogeechee Coastal sub-basin of the larger Ogeechee basin. The entire southwestern border of the county is located in the Altamaha River sub-basin of the basin by the same name. [20]
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1800 | 2,660 | — | |
1810 | 3,739 | 40.6% | |
1820 | 5,129 | 37.2% | |
1830 | 4,998 | −2.6% | |
1840 | 5,360 | 7.2% | |
1850 | 6,027 | 12.4% | |
1860 | 5,546 | −8.0% | |
1870 | 4,491 | −19.0% | |
1880 | 6,241 | 39.0% | |
1890 | 6,470 | 3.7% | |
1900 | 6,537 | 1.0% | |
1910 | 6,442 | −1.5% | |
1920 | 5,119 | −20.5% | |
1930 | 5,763 | 12.6% | |
1940 | 5,292 | −8.2% | |
1950 | 6,008 | 13.5% | |
1960 | 6,364 | 5.9% | |
1970 | 7,371 | 15.8% | |
1980 | 8,046 | 9.2% | |
1990 | 8,634 | 7.3% | |
2000 | 10,847 | 25.6% | |
2010 | 14,333 | 32.1% | |
2020 | 10,975 | −23.4% | |
2023 (est.) | 11,501 | [21] | 4.8% |
U.S. Decennial Census [22] 1790-1880 [23] 1890-1910 [24] 1920-1930 [25] 1930-1940 [26] 1940-1950 [27] 1960-1980 [28] 1980-2000 [29] 2010 [30] |
Race | Num. | Perc. |
---|---|---|
White (non-Hispanic) | 7,060 | 64.33% |
Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 3,176 | 28.94% |
Native American | 32 | 0.29% |
Asian | 43 | 0.39% |
Other/Mixed | 433 | 3.95% |
Hispanic or Latino | 231 | 2.1% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 10,975 people, 6,042 households, and 4,065 families residing in the county.
McIntosh County is noteworthy for being the only county in its area having no cycled traffic lights. There are two flashing lights in the county, however. One is at the four-way stop intersection of US-17 and GA-99 in Eulonia, and the other is at the intersection of US-17 and First Street in downtown Darien. There have been discussions in Darien of placing a traffic signal at the intersection of GA-251 and US-17, as well as at the Interstate 95 exit ramps on GA-251, as traffic flow has increased in Darien in recent years. However, no definite plans have been made in regards to potential future traffic signals.[ citation needed ]
McIntosh County is also one of just a handful of counties in Georgia that no longer has an active railroad. The short-lived Georgia Coast and Piedmont Railroad once ran along present-day SR 99 and SR 57 but was removed by 1919. The more recent Seaboard Coast Line Railroad ran north to south along the western part of the county, through Townsend for most of the twentieth century. However, the track from Riceboro in Liberty County to Seals in Camden County was removed by CSX in the late 1980s, leaving McIntosh County without any railroad track. Evidence of the railroad corridor can still be seen in many areas, though. [32]
A Democratic stronghold in the 20th century, McIntosh has now more recently leaned Republican, backing Donald Trump by the most it has supported a GOP presidential candidate since Richard Nixon in 1972, despite Trump's narrow statewide loss in 2020 and Nixon's landslide victory.
Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
2020 | 4,016 | 59.98% | 2,612 | 39.01% | 68 | 1.02% |
2016 | 3,487 | 58.73% | 2,303 | 38.79% | 147 | 2.48% |
2012 | 3,409 | 53.65% | 2,864 | 45.07% | 81 | 1.27% |
2008 | 3,282 | 52.63% | 2,905 | 46.58% | 49 | 0.79% |
2004 | 2,837 | 52.71% | 2,523 | 46.88% | 22 | 0.41% |
2000 | 1,766 | 46.03% | 2,047 | 53.35% | 24 | 0.63% |
1996 | 1,219 | 35.35% | 1,927 | 55.89% | 302 | 8.76% |
1992 | 1,027 | 29.20% | 1,925 | 54.73% | 565 | 16.06% |
1988 | 1,273 | 45.08% | 1,527 | 54.07% | 24 | 0.85% |
1984 | 1,512 | 45.71% | 1,796 | 54.29% | 0 | 0.00% |
1980 | 876 | 28.73% | 2,104 | 69.01% | 69 | 2.26% |
1976 | 535 | 21.29% | 1,978 | 78.71% | 0 | 0.00% |
1972 | 1,367 | 62.14% | 833 | 37.86% | 0 | 0.00% |
1968 | 315 | 15.01% | 943 | 44.93% | 841 | 40.07% |
1964 | 795 | 39.99% | 1,193 | 60.01% | 0 | 0.00% |
1960 | 451 | 36.22% | 794 | 63.78% | 0 | 0.00% |
1956 | 886 | 58.68% | 624 | 41.32% | 0 | 0.00% |
1952 | 503 | 40.99% | 724 | 59.01% | 0 | 0.00% |
1948 | 233 | 26.78% | 425 | 48.85% | 212 | 24.37% |
1944 | 149 | 26.70% | 406 | 72.76% | 3 | 0.54% |
1940 | 106 | 18.47% | 468 | 81.53% | 0 | 0.00% |
1936 | 53 | 14.68% | 308 | 85.32% | 0 | 0.00% |
1932 | 19 | 6.55% | 271 | 93.45% | 0 | 0.00% |
1928 | 180 | 56.07% | 141 | 43.93% | 0 | 0.00% |
1924 | 44 | 25.43% | 127 | 73.41% | 2 | 1.16% |
1920 | 39 | 24.68% | 119 | 75.32% | 0 | 0.00% |
1916 | 4 | 2.90% | 114 | 82.61% | 20 | 14.49% |
1912 | 8 | 6.50% | 113 | 91.87% | 2 | 1.63% |
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Bryan County is a county located in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 44,738. The county seat is Pembroke.
Darien is a city in and the county seat of McIntosh County, Georgia, United States. It lies on Georgia's coast at the mouth of the Altamaha River, approximately 50 miles south of Savannah, and is part of the Brunswick, Georgia metropolitan statistical area. It is the second-oldest planned city in Georgia and was originally called New Inverness. The population of Darien was 1,460 at the 2020 census, down from 1,975 in 2010.
Sapelo Island is a state-protected barrier island located in McIntosh County, Georgia. The island is accessible only by boat; the primary ferry comes from the Sapelo Island Visitors Center in McIntosh County, Georgia, a seven-mile (11 km), twenty-minute trip. It is the site of Hog Hammock, the last known Gullah community. It is illegal to visit the island without a permit issued by state tourism authorities.
Eulonia is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in McIntosh County in the U.S. state of Georgia. Part of the Brunswick, Georgia Metropolitan Statistical Area, it is in the Low Country between Savannah and Brunswick near Interstate 95.
Rev. Tunis Gulic Campbell Sr., called "the oldest and best known clergyman in the African Methodist Church", served as a voter registration organizer, Justice of the Peace, a delegate to the Georgia Constitutional Convention of 1867–1868, and as a Georgia state senator during the Reconstruction era. He also published an autobiography, Sufferings of the Reverend T.G. Campbell and His Family in Georgia (1877). An African American, he was a major figure in Reconstruction Georgia. He reportedly had a 400-person militia to protect him from the Ku Klux Klan. Like Governor Rufus Bullock, he eventually had to flee the state to save his life.
Thomas Spalding was a United States representative from Georgia. He was born in Frederica, Georgia, St. Simons Island, Glynn County, Georgia. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1795, but did not practice. He engaged extensively in agricultural pursuits and is widely known for owning slaves
The Brunswick metropolitan area is the Coastal Georgian metropolitan statistical area centered on the principal city of Brunswick, Georgia. The U.S. Office of Management and Budget, Census Bureau and other entities define Brunswick's metropolitan statistical area as comprising Glynn, Brantley, and McIntosh counties, including the cities of Brunswick and Darien. According to the 2020 census, the metropolitan area had a population of 113,495.
Crescent is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in McIntosh County, Georgia, United States. It lies along State Route 99, 12 miles (19 km) north of the city of Darien, the county seat of McIntosh County. Its elevation is 30 feet (9.1 m) above sea level. It has a post office with the ZIP code 31304.
McIntosh County Academy (MCA) is the only public high school in McIntosh County, Georgia, United States. It was formerly known as Darien High School.
The McIntosh County School District is a public school district in McIntosh County, Georgia, United States, based in Darien. It serves the communities of Crescent, Darien, Eulonia, and Townsend.
McRae–Helena is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia, formed on January 1, 2015, by the merger of the two cities of McRae and Helena. McRae–Helena is the county seat of Telfair County.
Hog Hammock is an African-American community on Sapelo Island, a barrier island of the U.S. state of Georgia.
Hercules Wilson was an American politician. He represented McIntosh County, Georgia in the Georgia House of Representatives from 1882 until 1885.
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