This area was historically occupied by the Creek Indians until Indian Removal in the 1830s. European Americans pushed them out and developed the land for cotton, bringing in thousands of African slaves to work the land.
Clay County's population is one-third of what it was in 1910.
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 217 square miles (560km2), of which 195 square miles (510km2) is land and 22 square miles (57km2) (10.1%) is water.[5]
The central and southwestern portions of Clay County, from west of Bluffton to northwest of Coleman, are located in the Lower Chattahoochee River sub-basin of the ACF River Basin (Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin). The county's northwestern corner, which is bisected by State Route 39 running north from Fort Gaines, is located in the Middle Chattahoochee River-Walter F. George Lake sub-basin of the same ACF River Basin. Just the very southeastern corner of Clay County is located in the Spring Creek sub-basin of the same larger ACF River Basin.[6]
Clay County, Georgia – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
As of the 2020 census, there were 2,848 people, 1,250 households, and 708 families residing in the county. Of the residents, 21.1% were under the age of 18 and 25.9% were 65 years of age or older; the median age was 47.1 years. For every 100 females there were 94.0 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 88.9 males. 0.0% of residents lived in urban areas and 100.0% lived in rural areas.[19][20][21]
There were 1,250 households in the county, of which 26.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 35.0% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 35.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[20]
There were 1,961 housing units, of which 36.3% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 71.2% were owner-occupied and 28.8% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.1% and the rental vacancy rate was 6.7%.[20]
2010 census
As of the 2010 United States census, there were 3,183people, 1,331households, and 869families living in the county.[22] The population density was 16.3 inhabitants per square mile (6.3/km2). There were 2,102 housing units at an average density of 10.8 per square mile (4.2/km2).[23] The racial makeup of the county was 60.4% black or African American, 37.6% white, 0.3% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 0.1% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 0.8% of the population.[22] In terms of ancestry, and 3.3% were American.[24]
Of the 1,331households, 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.5% were married couples living together, 22.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 34.7% were non-families, and 31.6% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.93. The median age was 45.8 years.[22]
The median income for a household in the county was $26,250 and the median income for a family was $31,354. Males had a median income of $29,440 versus $23,816 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,353. About 25.5% of families and 34.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 56.7% of those under age 18 and 16.0% of those age 65 or over.[25]
2000 census
As of the census[26] of 2000, there were 3,357 people, 1,347 households, and 928 families living in the county. The population density was 17 peopleper square mile (6.6 people/km2). There were 1,925 housing units at an average density of 10 per square mile (3.9/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 60.47% Black or African American, 38.43% White, 0.12% Native American, 0.27% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, and 0.66% from two or more races. 0.95% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 1,347 households, out of which 25.70% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.70% were married couples living together, 23.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.10% were non-families. 27.80% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.99.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.70% under the age of 18, 8.00% from 18 to 24, 21.00% from 25 to 44, 25.70% from 45 to 64, and 19.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 83.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.50 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $21,448, and the median income for a family was $27,837. Males had a median income of $26,557 versus $17,083 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,819. About 28.10% of families and 31.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 43.40% of those under age 18 and 23.90% of those age 65 or over.
As of the 2020s, Clay County is a Democratic stronghold, voting 53% for Kamala Harris in 2024. Clay County was previously one of the most consistently voting Democratic counties in the country. It voted for the Democratic nominee in every election from 1868 until 1960, and then again since 1976. In the 2022 Georgia state elections, however, Clay County voted for every Republican candidate except Herschel Walker. This has resulted in the county becoming a swing county. In 2024, Donald Trump lost the county by less than 8 points, the closest a Republican presidential candidate has come to carrying the county since Richard Nixon won it in his 1972 landslide.
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United States
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