Crawford County, Georgia

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Crawford County
Crawford County Georgia Courthouse.JPG
Crawford County Courthouse in Knoxville
Map of Georgia highlighting Crawford County.svg
Location within the U.S. state of Georgia
Georgia in United States.svg
Georgia's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 32°43′N83°59′W / 32.71°N 83.98°W / 32.71; -83.98
CountryFlag of the United States.svg United States
StateFlag of Georgia (U.S. state).svg  Georgia
Founded1822;202 years ago (1822)
Named for William H. Crawford
Seat Knoxville
Largest city Roberta
Area
  Total326 sq mi (840 km2)
  Land325 sq mi (840 km2)
  Water1.6 sq mi (4 km2)  0.5%
Population
 (2020)
  Total12,130
  Density37/sq mi (14/km2)
Time zone UTC−5 (Eastern)
  Summer (DST) UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district 2nd

Crawford County is a county located in the central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,130. [1] The county seat is Knoxville. [2]

Contents

Crawford County is included in the Macon, GA metropolitan statistical area.

History

Crawford County, in west central Georgia, is Georgia's fifty-seventh county. The 325-square-mile (840 km2) county was created on December 9, 1822, from Houston County, which had been formed from land given up by the Creek Indians in the 1821 Treaty of Indian Springs. The county is named for statesman William H. Crawford who had served as a U.S. senator, minister to France, and secretary of the treasury. [3]

The first white settlers in the area were Indian agent Benjamin Hawkins. Arriving in 1803, he developed a five-square-mile compound on the Flint River, with slave labor. The compound included a shop and plantation, which became known as the Creek Agency Reserve. Although Hawkins was well liked by the Creeks, he believed, as did many white men of his time, that the Indians should embrace a European-American way of life. His efforts to persuade the Creeks, however, were largely unsuccessful. Hawkins died at the reserve in 1816. David B. Mitchell was appointed in 1817 to replace the deceased Hawkins.

Knoxville, Georgia was established on the Federal Road, the main stagecoach route from Washington, D.C., to New Orleans, making the town a natural choice for county seat. Although the chief center of population is now Roberta, a mile to its west, Knoxville (no longer an incorporated city) retains its designation as the county seat. The current courthouse, built there in 2002, replaced one built in 1851, which still stands. The Old Courthouse is designated as a historical site and is used as a museum.

Roberta, originally called New Knoxville, is the only incorporated city in the county. It was incorporated on December 26, 1890. Roberta started out in 1886 as a railroad office and warehouse, "Roberta, ca. 1900," at the Atlanta and Florida Railway's "89 Fort Valley" milepost. Two years later, after a freight depot and passenger station were completed at the site, people began to settle in the immediate area. Townspeople gave the honor of naming the new town to Hiram McCrary, who had given the railroad the rights to come through his land. McCrary chose to call it Roberta in honor of his young daughter.

Most of the inhabitants of Knoxville, a mile away, moved to Roberta when the railroad arrived. For years, while passenger train service was an important mode of transportation, Roberta served as a thriving tourist stop on the route to Florida. After passenger train service gave way to the private automobile, Roberta relaxed into a quiet residential town. The rail tracks were taken up during the 1980s and only the rail bed remains. During 1950 through 1965 the tourist industry was revived by tourist traveling to and from coastal resorts by way of Highway US 341. This all ended when the interstate system diverted traffic away from Roberta to Macon, Georgia. The many diners and motels built to meet the tourist needs all but disappeared. Roberta is now a quiet, small Southern town. Other communities in Crawford county are Musella, Gaillard, Horns, Lee Pope, and Zenith.

Musella officially first appeared on the Georgia map in 1895. It appears that the Atlanta and Florida Railway (A&F) named the community Musella to identify it as a flag stop. The A&F began laying 105 miles (169 km) of track from Atlanta to Fort Valley in 1880. The railroad wanted to bring the track from Culloden to Knoxville, which was the most direct and economical route, but Crawford County rebelled. Crawford Countians didn't want the railroad passing through their county seat, so, the A&F laid the tracks to Musella instead. When Musella became a flag stop, the railroad offered better opportunities for farmers to market their products, so many of the residents of nearby Ceres, Georgia, (named after the Roman goddess of agriculture; settlement also called Hopewell) migrated to Musella. Since cotton could be shipped by rail, the cotton gin at Ceres was disassembled and moved approximately two miles to Musella. Soon, a general store and post office were built there, and Musella quickly became a hub of economic activity in northern Crawford County. Now it is a snapshot of the past.

Joanna Troutman portrait in the Texas State Capitol Joanna Troutman Texas Capitol.jpg
Joanna Troutman portrait in the Texas State Capitol

During the county's early days, settlers relied first on agriculture (cotton and oats) then on cattle ranching, timber harvesting, and sand extraction as economic mainstays. Agriculture continues to be important, as are manufacturing and health and social services. Many residents also work in neighboring areas.

Well-known figures from Crawford County include Jefferson Franklin Long, Georgia's first African-American congressional representative and the first African American to speak from the floor of the U.S. House of Representatives. Long, of mixed African and Caucasian ancestry, was born into slavery in Knoxville. As a freedman after the Civil War (1861–65), he became a tailor. His interest in equal rights led him to politics. He was elected to Congress in December 1870 and served until March 1871 during the Reconstruction era.

John Pemberton, the inventor of Coca-Cola, was also born in Knoxville. Pemberton was a veteran Confederate States of America lieutenant colonel who served on the first Georgia pharmacy licensing board after the war. His state-of-the-art laboratory for chemical analysis and manufacturing became the first state-run facility to conduct tests of soil and crop chemicals.

Joanna Troutman, who designed the first Lone Star flag (later adopted as the Texas State Flag), was born in Crawford County. She presented her flag to a Volunteer Georgia Battalion, who went to Texas in 1835 to assist Texans in their fight for independence. The flag was first flown at Velasco January 8, 1836, and was hoisted along with the Bloody Arm flag at Goliad on news of the declaration of independence March 8, 1836. Although Troutman lived most of her life in Knoxville, her remains were moved to the Texas State Cemetery in Austin, where a bronze statue was erected in her honor. A portrait of Troutman also hangs in the Texas State Capitol.

In 1775 naturalist William Bartram, traveling across Georgia, found a previously unknown plant in Crawford County. He named the plant Hydrangea Quercifolia—now commonly called Oakleaf Hydrangea. Bartram described the area near Sweetwater Creek as a "delightful diversified rural scene," noting that it "promises a happy, fruitful and salubrious region." See The Botanical Explorations of William Bartram in the Southeast by David H. Rembert Jr., Department of Biology, University of South Carolina—article and picture courtesy of Bartram Trail Conference.

Crawford County pottery was a thriving business in Crawford County during the 1800s and early 1900s. Men such as Long, Becham, Merritt, Pyles, and Dickson were known throughout the area for their utilitarian jugs and crocks. Clay from Crawford County and the Rich Hill alkaline glaze used by the early "jug makers" is still prized today.

Historic places to visit:

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 326 square miles (840 km2), of which 325 square miles (840 km2) is land and 1.6 square miles (4.1 km2) (0.5%) is water. [4]

The fall line of the eastern United States roughly bisects the county, meaning that northern portions of the county are generally hillier than southern portions of the county, which tend to be flatter and have a lot of farmland and agriculture. The Fall Line Freeway runs across a very small portion of the southern part of the county along Georgia State Route 96.

The western portion of Crawford County, west of Musella and Knoxville, is located in the Upper Flint River sub-basin of the ACF River Basin (Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin). The northeastern portion of the county, northeast of Byron, is located in the Upper Ocmulgee River sub-basin of the Altamaha River basin. A southeastern corner of Crawford County, north of Fort Valley, is located in the Lower Ocmulgee River sub-basin of the same Altamaha River basin. [5]

Major highways

Adjacent counties

Communities

City

Census-designated place

Unincorporated communities

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note
1830 5,313
1840 7,98150.2%
1850 8,98412.6%
1860 7,693−14.4%
1870 7,557−1.8%
1880 8,65614.5%
1890 9,3157.6%
1900 10,36811.3%
1910 8,310−19.8%
1920 8,8937.0%
1930 7,020−21.1%
1940 7,1281.5%
1950 6,080−14.7%
1960 5,816−4.3%
1970 5,748−1.2%
1980 7,68433.7%
1990 8,99117.0%
2000 12,49539.0%
2010 12,6301.1%
2020 12,130−4.0%
2023 (est.)12,277 [6] 1.2%
U.S. Decennial Census [7]
1790-1880 [8] 1890-1910 [9]
1920-1930 [10] 1930-1940 [11]
1940-1950 [12] 1960-1980 [13]
1980-2000 [14] 2010 [15]
Crawford County racial composition as of 2020 [16]
RaceNum.Perc.
White (non-Hispanic)8,86673.09%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic)2,26718.69%
Native American 450.37%
Asian 310.26%
Pacific Islander 30.02%
Other/Mixed 5034.15%
Hispanic or Latino 4153.42%

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 12,130 people, 4,510 households, and 3,122 families residing in the county.

Education

Politics

United States presidential election results for Crawford County, Georgia [17]
Year Republican Democratic Third party
No.%No.%No.%
2020 4,42872.57%1,61526.47%590.97%
2016 3,63570.23%1,42127.45%1202.32%
2012 3,36865.47%1,70633.16%701.36%
2008 3,35863.99%1,83234.91%581.11%
2004 2,83064.20%1,55235.21%260.59%
2000 1,98755.71%1,51342.42%671.88%
1996 1,29041.57%1,53449.44%2798.99%
1992 97430.60%1,64851.78%56117.62%
1988 1,23547.55%1,34051.60%220.85%
1984 1,29847.70%1,42352.30%00.00%
1980 64227.03%1,67370.44%602.53%
1976 37817.03%1,84282.97%00.00%
1972 1,16769.51%51230.49%00.00%
1968 24615.18%48930.17%88654.66%
1964 95756.96%72343.04%00.00%
1960 20320.30%79779.70%00.00%
1956 10912.27%77987.73%00.00%
1952 14513.27%94886.73%00.00%
1948 649.01%38954.79%25736.20%
1944 14928.44%37571.56%00.00%
1940 7416.93%36282.84%10.23%
1936 225.03%41394.51%20.46%
1932 93.20%27296.80%00.00%
1928 4811.82%35888.18%00.00%
1924 71.87%35294.12%154.01%
1920 6521.67%23578.33%00.00%
1916 40.96%41198.56%20.48%
1912 31.19%24998.42%10.40%

See also

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References

  1. "Census - Geography Profile: Crawford County, Georgia". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved December 26, 2022.
  2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. Krakow, Kenneth K. (1975). Georgia Place-Names: Their History and Origins (PDF). Macon, GA: Winship Press. p. 54. ISBN   0-915430-00-2. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 10, 2003.
  4. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  5. "Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission Interactive Mapping Experience". Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission. Archived from the original on October 3, 2018. Retrieved November 22, 2015.
  6. "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 31, 2024.
  7. "Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decades". US Census Bureau.
  8. "1880 Census Population by Counties 1790-1800" (PDF). US Census Bureau . 1880.
  9. "1910 Census of Population - Georgia" (PDF). US Census Bureau . 1910.
  10. "1930 Census of Population - Georgia" (PDF). US Census Bureau . 1930.
  11. "1940 Census of Population - Georgia" (PDF). US Census Bureau . 1940.
  12. "1950 Census of Population - Georgia -" (PDF). US Census Bureau . 1950.
  13. "1980 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - Georgia" (PDF). US Census Bureau . 1980.
  14. "2000 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - Georgia" (PDF). US Census Bureau . 2000.
  15. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
  16. "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved December 19, 2021.
  17. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved March 19, 2018.

32°43′N83°59′W / 32.71°N 83.98°W / 32.71; -83.98