John David Ashcroft is an American lawyer,lobbyist,and former politician who served as the 79th United States attorney general under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2005. A Republican from Missouri,Ashcroft represented the state in the United States Senate from 1995 to 2001,and held statewide office as the 29th auditor (1973–1975),38th attorney general (1976–1985),and 50th governor of Missouri (1985–1993). He later founded The Ashcroft Group,a Washington D.C. lobbying firm.
Alan Wayne Allard is an American veterinarian and politician who served as a United States Representative (1991–1997) and United States Senator (1997–2009) from Colorado,as well as previously a Colorado State Senator (1983–1991). A member of the Republican Party,he did not seek re-election to the U.S. Senate in 2008. In February 2009,he began work as a lobbyist at The Livingston Group,a Washington,D.C.–based government relations consulting firm.
John Berlinger Breaux is an American lobbyist,attorney,and retired politician from Louisiana. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1972 to 1987 and as a United States Senator from 1987 to 2005. A Southern Democrat,he was considered one of the more conservative national legislators from the Democratic Party. Breaux was a member of the New Democrat Coalition.
John Barden Shadegg is an American politician and former U.S. representative for Arizona's 3rd congressional district,serving from 1995 until 2011. He is a member of the Republican Party.
John Taylor Doolittle,is an attorney and an American politician. Elected to Congress in 1990,he served as a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from 1991 to 2009,representing California's 4th congressional district. In the 109th Congress,he held a leadership role as the Deputy Whip for the Republican party in the House. He was succeeded in the House of Representatives by Tom McClintock. Before being elected to Congress,he had served in the California State Senate from 1984 to 1991.
Robert Linlithgow Livingston Jr. is an American lobbyist and politician who served as a U.S. Representative from Louisiana from 1977 to 1999. A Republican,he was chosen as Newt Gingrich's successor as Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives,a position he declined following revelations of an extramarital affair. He served as a U.S. Representative from Louisiana from 1977 to 1999 and as the Chairman of the Appropriations Committee from 1995 to 1999. During his final years in Congress,Livingston was a strong supporter of Bill Clinton's impeachment. He is currently a Washington,D.C.–based lobbyist. Livingston's memoir,The Windmill Chaser:Triumphs and Less in American Politics,was published in September 2018.
Stephanie Marie Herseth Sandlin is an American attorney,university administrator,and politician from the Democratic Party. She represented South Dakota's at-large congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 2004 until 2011. Sandlin was first elected to Congress in a July 2004 special election and won three full terms before losing to Republican Kristi Noem in 2010. She was the youngest female member of the House,and the first woman elected to the House from South Dakota. Before her 2007 marriage to Max Sandlin,she was known as Stephanie Herseth. She is a Democrat and a member of the Herseth family of South Dakota. She and Senator Tim Johnson are the last Democrats to win a statewide and/or federal election in South Dakota.
Charles Walter Stenholm was an American businessman and Democratic Party politician from a rural district of the state of Texas. After establishing himself as owner-operator of a large cotton farm,he entered politics and was elected to Congress in his first run for office. Stenholm was a Democratic Party member of the United States House of Representatives for 13 terms,representing Texas's 17th congressional district from 1979 to 2005.
William Joseph Green III is an American politician from Pennsylvania. A Democrat,Green served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1964 to 1977 and as the 94th Mayor of Philadelphia from 1980 to 1984.
Cornelius Harvey McGillicuddy IV,known popularly as Connie Mack IV,is an American politician and lobbyist. He is the former U.S. Representative for Florida's 14th congressional district,serving from 2005 to 2013. A Republican,he ran for the U.S. Senate in 2012,losing to Democrat Bill Nelson. He is the son of former Republican U.S. Senator Connie Mack III and the great-grandson of baseball manager Connie Mack.
Steven Douglas Symms was an American politician and lobbyist who served as a four-term congressman (1973–1981) and two-term U.S. Senator (1981–1993),representing Idaho. He later became a partner at Parry,Romani,DeConcini &Symms,a lobbying firm in Washington,D.C.
Richard Walker Bolling was a prominent American Democratic Congressman from Kansas City,Missouri,and Missouri's 5th congressional district from 1949 to 1983. He retired after serving for four years as the chairman of the powerful United States House Committee on Rules.
Lobbying in the United States is paid activity in which special interest groups hire well-connected professional advocates,often lawyers,to argue for specific legislation in decision-making bodies such as the United States Congress. It is often perceived negatively by journalists and the American public;critics consider it to be a form of bribery,influence peddling,and/or extortion. Lobbying is subject to complex rules which,if not followed,can lead to penalties including jail. Lobbying has been interpreted by court rulings as free speech protected by the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Since the 1970s,the numbers of lobbyists and the size of lobbying budgets has grown and become the focus of criticism of American governance.
Lewis Franklin (L.F.) Payne Jr. is an American businessman,politician and lobbyist who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from the Commonwealth of Virginia from 1988 to 1997. He served five terms representing the 5th district of the state,covering much of Southside Virginia.
JoséAntonio Garcia Jr.,known as Joe Garcia,is an American attorney and politician. Garcia represented Florida's 26th congressional district in the House of Representatives from 2013 to 2015. A Democrat,Garcia represented most of western Miami-Dade County and the Florida Keys in Congress.
The February 2,2008 resignation of Republican Richard Baker triggered a special election for Louisiana's 6th district. In anticipation of this election,party qualifying occurred before Baker's resignation. The timeline mirrored that of the 2008 special election for the 1st congressional district. The two elections were the first Louisiana congressional elections not based on Louisiana's jungle primary system since the 1970s.
The 1994 United States Senate election in Missouri was held November 8,1994. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator John Danforth decided to retire and not seek re-election. Former Governor of Missouri John Ashcroft won the open seat in a landslide.
Steven J. Ricchetti is an American political aide serving as a Counselor to the President under President Joe Biden. He was the chairman of Joe Biden's 2020 presidential campaign. Ricchetti previously served as Chief of Staff to Vice President Biden during the Obama administration and Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations under President Bill Clinton. In between stints in Democratic administrations,Ricchetti has worked as a lobbyist.
The Turkey lobby in the United States is a lobby that works on behalf of the Turkish government in promoting that nation's interests with the United States government.
The Pakistan lobby in the United States are the professional lobbyists paid directly by the government of Pakistan to lobby the public and government of the United States on behalf of Pakistani interests and/or on behalf of Pakistani American rights and interests.
