James T. Rapier

1. Howard N. Rabinowitz, ed., Southern Black Leaders of the Reconstruction Era (1982), pp. 79-100.
2. Brett J. Derbes, "James T. Rapier", Encyclopedia of Alabama, 27 June 2012; accessed 19 April 2018
3. "James Thomas Rapier", Black Past, accessed 6 April 2014
4. Eric Foner, Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877, Harper Collins, 1988; Perennial Classics, 1989 paperback, p. 533
5. "Historians: John Hope Franklin" Archived 2013-09-12 at the Wayback Machine , American History Association

Further reading

• Bailey, Richard. They Too Call Alabama Home: African American Profiles, 1800-1999. Montgomery: Pyramid Publishing, 1999.
• Feldman, Eugene. Black Power in Old Alabama: The Life and Stirring Times of James T. Rapier, Afro-American Congressman from Alabama, 1839-1883. Chicago: Museum of African American History, 1968.
• Feldman, E. "James T. Rapier: Negro Congressman from Alabama." Phylon Quarterly 19 (4th Quarter, 1958): 417–423.
• Freeman, Thomas J. The Life of James T. Rapier. M. A. Thesis, Auburn University, 1959
• Foner, Eric. Freedom's Lawmakers: A Directory of Black Officeholders during Reconstruction., (Baton Rouge: LSU Press: 1996) second edition. ISBN   0-8071-2082-0
• Franklin, John Hope. A Southern Odyssey: Travelers in the Antebellum North (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1976)
• Logan, Rayford W. and Michael R. Winston, Dictionary of American Negro Biography (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1982)
• Rabinowitz, Howard N., ed., Southern Black Leaders of the Reconstruction Era, (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1982), pp. 79–100.
• Ragsdale, Bruce A. and Joel D. Treese, Black Americans in Congress, 1870-1989 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1990).
• Schweninger, Loren. James T. Rapier and Reconstruction (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978)
• Schweninger, L. "James Rapier and the Negro Labor Movement, 1869-1872," Alabama Review 28 (July 1975): 185–201.
• "James Thomas Rapier" in Black Americans in Congress, 1870-2007. Prepared under the direction of the Committee on House Administration by the Office of History & Preservation, U. S. House of Representatives. Washington: Government Printing Office, 2008

External links

• Congressional biography
• James T. Rapier's June 9, 1874 Speech on the Civil Rights Bill
• John Hope Franklin, "1979 presidential address to the American Historical Association" Archived 2013-09-12 at the Wayback Machine , discusses Walter F. Fleming's representation of Congressman James T. Rapier as a "carpetbagger"

James T. Rapier
Member of the U.S.HouseofRepresentatives from Alabama's 2nd district
In office March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1875

U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Charles Waldron Buckley	Member of the  U.S. House of Representatives from Alabama's 2nd congressional district March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1875	Succeeded by Jeremiah Norman Williams