This is a list of United States congresspersons by brevity of service. It includes representatives and senators who have served less than six years in the Senate or less than two years in the House, not counting currently serving members. This list excludes members whose term ended with 73rd United States Congress that served the entirety of that term, which due to the Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution, only lasted from March 4, 1933, to January 3, 1935, and inaugural holders of Class 1 and Class 2 Senate seats that served the entirety of the first term, due to the initial terms being only 2 and 4 years long respectively, as the Senate classes were staggered so that a third of the seats would be up every two years.
In green | Appointed to Senate or won special election |
D | Died |
R | Resigned |
AE | Appointed or elected to a different office |
O | Other reason for loss of office |
Tenure | Name | Party affiliation | State | Reason for leaving | Dates of service | Lifespan | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 day [lower-alpha 1] | Rebecca Latimer Felton [1] | Democratic | Georgia | Appointed and did not seek election. | November 21, 1922 – November 22, 1922 [lower-alpha 2] | 1835–1930 |
2 [lower-alpha 3] | 3 days | Louis C. Wyman [1] (O) | Republican | New Hampshire | Initially won election to the Senate, but was appointed shortly before it convened to give him seniority over the rest of the incoming cohort. His seat was ruled to be vacant and a new election was held. | December 31, 1974 – January 3, 1975 | 1917–2002 |
3 | 8 days | Homer V. M. Miller (O) | Democratic | Georgia | Won election to the Senate, but was not seated until February 24, 1871, and served the remainder of his term. | February 24, 1871 – March 3, 1871 | 1814–1896 |
4 | 10 days | Alva M. Lumpkin (D) | Democratic | South Carolina | Appointed following the vacancy created by James F. Byrnes's appointment to the Supreme Court and later died. | July 22, 1941 – August 1, 1941 | 1886–1941 |
5 | 23 days | John N. Heiskell [2] (O) | Democratic | Arkansas | Appointed by Governor George Washington Donaghey following the vacancy created by Jeff Davis's death. | January 6, 1913 – January 29, 1913 | 1872–1972 |
6 | 33 days | William Marmaduke Kavanaugh [3] (O) | Democratic | Arkansas | Appointed by the Arkansas General Assembly following the vacancy created by Jeff Davis's death. | January 29, 1913 – March 3, 1913 | 1866–1915 |
7 | 44 days | Wilton E. Hall | Democratic | South Carolina | Appointed following the vacancy created by Ellison D. Smith's death and chose not to seek election. | November 20, 1944 – January 3, 1945 | 1901–1980 |
8 | 55 days | Thomas M. Storke | Democratic | California | Appointed as interim senator following the vacancy created by William Gibbs McAdoo's resignation and the inauguration of Sheridan Downey. | November 9, 1938 – January 3, 1939 | 1876–1971 |
9 | 59 days | Dean Barkley [1] | Independence Party of Minnesota | Minnesota | Appointed following the death of Paul Wellstone. | November 4, 2002 – January 3, 2003 | 1950– |
59 days | John Moses (D) | Democratic | North Dakota | Won in the general election, died in office. | January 3, 1945 – March 3, 1945 | 1885–1945 | |
10 | 73 days | George Jones | Democratic-Republican | Georgia | Appointed to fill out the remainder of Abraham Baldwin's term. | August 27, 1807 – November 7, 1807 | 1766–1838 |
11 | 93 days | Jocelyn Burdick [1] | Democratic | North Dakota | Appointed following the death of her husband Quentin Burdick. | September 12, 1992 – December 14, 1992 | 1922–2019 |
12 | 97 days | George Walton [1] (R) | Federalist | Georgia | Appointed following the vacancy created by James Jackson's resignation. | November 16, 1795 – February 20, 1796 | 1749–1804 |
13 | 104 days | Elaine Edwards [1] (R) | Democratic | Louisiana | Appointed following the death of Allen J. Ellender and later resigned. | August 1, 1972 – November 13, 1972 | 1929–2018 |
14 | 110 days | Middleton P. Barrow | Democratic | Georgia | Appointed to fill out the remainder of Benjamin Harvey Hill's term and did not seek election to a term in his own right. | November 15, 1882 – March 3, 1883 | 1839–1903 |
15 | 117 days | Oliver H. Prince | Democratic | Georgia | Selected by the state legislature to fill the vacancy caused by Thomas W. Cobb's resignation. | November 7, 1828 – March 4, 1829 | 1782–1837 |
16 | 121 days | Carte Goodwin | Democratic | West Virginia | Appointed by Governor Joe Manchin on July 16, 2010, as a placeholder to fill the vacancy created by the death of Robert Byrd. | July 16, 2010 – November 15, 2010 | 1974– |
17 | 129 days | Charles B. Mitchel (O) | Democratic | Arkansas | Elected in the general election and later expelled from the Senate. | March 4, 1861 – July 11, 1861 | 1815–1864 |
18 | 133 days | Paul G. Kirk | Democratic | Massachusetts | Appointed following the death of Ted Kennedy and chose not to run in the special election. | September 24, 2009 – February 4, 2010 | 1938– |
19 | 143 days | Jeffrey Chiesa [4] | Republican | New Jersey | Appointed following the death of Frank Lautenberg and chose not to run in the special election. | June 10, 2013 – October 31, 2013 | 1965– |
20 | 144 days | Bob Krueger [1] | Democratic | Texas | Appointed following the appointment of Lloyd Bentsen as Secretary of the Treasury and was defeated in the special election. | January 21, 1993 – June 14, 1993 | 1935–2022 |
21 | 144 days | Dixie Bibb Graves [5] (R) | Democratic | Alabama | Appointed following the appointment of Hugo Black as a Supreme Court Justice and later resigned. | August 20, 1937 – January 10, 1938 | 1882–1965 |
22 | 144 days | George R. Swift [5] | Democratic | Alabama | Appointed following the death of John H. Bankhead II. | June 15, 1946 – November 5, 1946 | 1887–1972 |
23 | 149 days | Sheila Frahm [1] | Republican | Kansas | Appointed following the resignation of Bob Dole and was defeated in the Republican primary. | June 11, 1996 – November 7, 1996 | 1945– |
24 | 152 days | Maryon Pittman Allen [5] | Democratic | Alabama | Appointed following the death of her husband James Allen and later lost the Democratic primary for the special election. | June 8, 1978 – November 7, 1978 | 1925–2018 |
25 | 165 days | Mo Cowan [4] | Democratic | Massachusetts | Appointed following the appointment of John Kerry as Secretary of State and chose not to run in the special election. | February 1, 2013 – July 16, 2013 | 1969– |
26 | 193 days | Ernest W. Gibson, Jr. [1] | Republican | Vermont | Appointed by Governor George D. Aiken following the death of his father, Ernest Willard Gibson. Chose not to run for election to the seat. | June 24, 1940 - January 3, 1941 | 1901-1969 |
27 | 213 days | William Bellinger Bulloch | Democratic-Republican | Georgia | Appointed following the resignation of William H. Crawford. | April 8, 1813 – November 6, 1813 | 1777–1852 |
28 | 215 days | Thomas A. Wofford | Democratic | South Carolina | Appointed following the resignation of Strom Thurmond and chose not to run in the special election. | April 5, 1956 – November 6, 1956 | 1908–1978 |
29 | 240 days | Joseph M. Terrell | Democratic | Georgia | Appointed following the death of Alexander S. Clay and resigned following a stroke. | November 17, 1910 – July 14, 1911 | 1861–1912 |
30 | 242 days | B. B. Comer [5] | Democratic | Alabama | Appointed following the death of John H. Bankhead. | March 5, 1920 – November 2, 1920 | 1848–1927 |
31 | 247 days | William Stanley West | Democratic | Georgia | Appointed following the death of Augustus O. Bacon. | March 2, 1914 – November 3, 1914 | 1849–1914 |
32 | 259 days | Nicholas F. Brady [1] | Republican | New Jersey | Appointed following the resignation of Harrison A. Williams and chose not to run in the special election. | April 12, 1982 – December 27, 1982 | 1930– |
33 | 262 days | John S. Cohen | Democratic | Georgia | Appointed following the death of William J. Harris and chose not to run in the special election. | April 25, 1932 – January 11, 1933 | 1870–1935 |
34 | 274 days | Israel Pickens | Democratic | Alabama | Appointed following the death of Henry H. Chambers. | February 17, 1826 – November 27, 1826 | 1780–1827 |
35 | 275 days | John C. Breckinridge (O) | Democratic | Kentucky | Elected in the general election and later expelled from the Senate. | March 4, 1861 – December 4, 1861 | 1821–1875 |
36 | 277 days | Robert M. Charlton | Democratic | Georgia | Appointed following the resignation of John M. Berrien. | May 31, 1852 – March 4, 1853 | 1807–1854 |
37 | 297 days | Francis S. White | Democratic | Alabama | Elected in the special election following the death of Joseph F. Johnston. Did not run for reelection. | May 11, 1914 – March 3, 1915 | 1847–1922 |
38 | 299 days | Waldo P. Johnson (O) | Democratic | Missouri | Elected in the general election and later expelled from the Senate. | March 17, 1861 – January 10, 1862 | 1817–1885 |
39 | 303 days | George S. Houston (D) | Democratic | Alabama | Elected in the general election and died in office. | March 4, 1879 – December 31, 1879 | 1811–1879 |
40 | 307 days | Luther Strange | Republican | Alabama | Appointed to fill the seat vacated by Jeff Sessions after his resignation to become U.S. Attorney General, but subsequently lost the Republican primary for the special election. | February 9, 2017 – January 3, 2018 | 1953– |
41 | 322 days | Luke Pryor | Democratic | Alabama | Appointed following the death of George S. Houston. | January 7, 1880 – November 23, 1880 | 1820–1900 |
42 | 327 days | Henry H. Chambers (D) | Jacksonian | Alabama | Died in office. | March 4, 1825 – January 24, 1826 | 1790–1826 |
43 | 337 days | Patrick Walsh | Democratic | Georgia | Appointed to fill out the remainder of the term of Alfred H. Colquitt. | April 2, 1894 – March 3, 1895 | 1840–1899 |
44 | 340 days | William Blount (O) | Democratic-Republican | Tennessee | Appointed as Tennessee's first senator and was later expelled from the Senate. | August 2, 1796 – July 8, 1797 | 1749–1800 |
45 | 373 days | Hiram Rhodes Revels | Republican | Mississippi | Elected in a special election following Mississippi's readmission into the United States and later chose not to seek reelection. | February 23, 1870 – March 3, 1871 | 1827–1901 |
46 | 380 days | Kelly Loeffler | Republican | Georgia | Appointed to fill the vacancy created by the resignation of Johnny Isakson, lost subsequent special runoff election. | January 6, 2020 – January 20, 2021 | 1970– |
47 | 389 days | Kaneaster Hodges Jr. | Democratic | Arkansas | Appointed to fill the vacancy created by the death of John L. McClellan, prohibited by state law from seeking election to fill the vacancy. | December 10, 1977 – January 3, 1979 | 1938–2022 |
48 | 474 days | Louis Wigfall (O) | Democratic | Texas | Appointed to fill the vacancy created by James Pinckney Henderson's death and later expelled from the Senate. | December 5, 1859 – March 23, 1861 | 1816–1874 |
49 | 642 days | Lloyd Spencer [6] (O) | Democratic | Arkansas | Appointed to fill the vacancy created by John E. Miller's resignation to become a judge and did not run for election. | April 1, 1941 – January 3, 1943 | 1893–1981 |
50 | 668 days | Ted Kaufman | Democratic | Delaware | Appointed to fill the vacancy created by Joe Biden's resignation and chose not to run in the special election. | January 16, 2009 – November 15, 2010 | 1939– |
51 | 690 days | Jean Carnahan | Democratic | Missouri | Appointed to fill vacancy created by her husband Mel Carnahan's death who died before being elected but was defeated in a special election to fill the remainder of the term. | January 3, 2001 - November 23, 2002 | 1933–2024 |
52 | 698 days | Harlan Mathews | Democratic | Tennessee | Appointed to fill the vacancy created by Al Gore's resignation and chose not to run in the special election. | January 2, 1993 – December 1, 1994 | 1927–2014 |
53 | 699 days | Martha McSally | Republican | Arizona | Appointed to fill the vacancy created by Jon Kyl, lost subsequent special election. | January 3, 2019 – December 2, 2020 | 1966– |
54 | 762 days | Richard Nixon (AE) | Republican | California | Appointed following the resignation of Sheridan Downey to the seat he recently won the election for to gain seniority and later elected to the vice presidency. | December 1, 1950 – January 1, 1953 | 1913–1994 |
55 | 787 days | Donald Stewart | Democratic | Alabama | Elected in a special election following the death of James Allen. Lost renomination and resigned. | November 8, 1978 – January 2, 1981 | 1940– |
56 | 813 days | William Kelly | Democratic-Republican | Alabama | Elected following the resignation of John Williams Walker. | December 12, 1822 – March 3, 1825 | 1786–1834 |
57 | 1,064 days | Scott Brown | Republican | Massachusetts | Won special election against Martha Coakley to finish Ted Kennedy's term in 2010, and sworn on February 4, 2010. Subsequently lost regular election for next term against Democrat Elizabeth Warren. | February 4, 2010 – January 3, 2013 | 1959– |
58 | 1,095 days | John Williams Walker (R) | Democratic-Republican | Alabama | Resigned due to failing health. | December 14, 1819 – December 12, 1822 | 1783–1823 |
59 | 1,096 days | Doug Jones | Democratic | Alabama | Won special election against Roy Moore to finish Jeff Sessions's term in 2017, and sworn in January 2018. Subsequently lost regular election for next term against Republican Tommy Tuberville. | January 3, 2018 – January 3, 2021 | 1954– |
60 | 1,100 days | William Wyatt Bibb | Democratic-Republican | Georgia | Elected following the resignation of William H. Crawford. | November 6, 1813 – November 9, 1816 | 1781–1820 |
61 | 1,108 days | Josiah Tattnall | Democratic-Republican | Georgia | Elected following the resignation of James Jackson. | February 20, 1796 – March 4, 1799 | 1765–1803 |
62 | 1,190 days | Jeremiah Clemens | Democratic | Alabama | Elected following the death of Dixon Hall Lewis. | November 30, 1849 – March 4, 1853 | 1814–1865 |
63 | 1,232 days | John E. Miller [7] (R) | Democratic | Arkansas | Elected in special election to fill the vacancy created by Joseph T. Robinson's death and resigned to become a judge. | November 15, 1937 – March 31, 1941 | 1888–1981 |
64 | 1,245 days | John Milledge | Democratic-Republican | Georgia | Elected following the death of James Jackson. | June 19, 1806 – November 14, 1809 | 1757–1818 |
65 | 1,413 days | Barack Obama (AE) | Democratic | Illinois | Elected in the general election and later resigned after winning the 2008 presidential election. | January 3, 2005 – November 16, 2008 | 1961– |
66 | 1,476 days | Kamala Harris (AE) | Democratic | California | Elected in the general election and later resigned after winning the 2020 election as vice president. | January 3, 2017 – January 18, 2021 | 1964– |
67 | 1,779 days | John Forsyth (AE) | Democratic-Republican/Jacksonian | Georgia | Elected following the resignation of George Troup, then resigned to become U.S. Minister to Spain. Elected again following the resignation of John M. Berrien, re-elected, and then resigned to become U.S. Secretary of State. | November 23, 1818 – February 17, 1819; November 9, 1829 – June 27, 1834 | 1780–1841 |
68 | 1,964 days | William H. Crawford (AE) | Democratic-Republican | Georgia | Elected in a special election following the death of Abraham Baldwin. Re-elected, then resigned to become U.S. Minister to France. | November 7, 1807 – March 23, 1813 | 1772–1834 |
Tenure | Name | Party affiliation | State | Reason for leaving | Dates of service | Lifespan | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 day | Effingham Lawrence (O) | Democratic | Louisiana | The results of the 1872 election in the district were contested, and the House did not declare Lawrence the winner of the election and seat him until March 3, 1875, the day before the term was to expire. | March 3, 1875 – March 4, 1875 | 1820–1878 |
1 | 1 day | George A. Sheridan (O) | Liberal Republican | Louisiana | The results of the 1872 election in the district were contested, and the House did not declare Sheridan the winner of the election and seat him until March 3, 1875, the day before the term was to expire. | March 3, 1875 – March 4, 1875 | 1840–1896 |
3 | 2 days | Turner M. Marquett (O) | Republican | Nebraska | Elected to the at-large seat of the new State of Nebraska, but, because the state was not formally admitted to the Union until March 2, 1867, he was only able to serve as a representative for two days. | March 2, 1867 – March 4, 1867 | 1831–1894 |
3 | 2 days [8] | Gustavus Sessinghaus (O) | Republican | Missouri | The results of the 1880 election in the district were contested, and the House did not declare Sessinghaus the winner of the election and seat him until March 2, 1883, two days before the term was to expire. | March 2, 1883 – March 4, 1883 [lower-alpha 4] | 1838–1887 |
5 | 29 days | Walter W. Bankhead (R) | Democratic | Alabama | Won in the general election and later resigned. | January 3, 1941 – February 1, 1941 | 1897–1988 |
6 | 31 days | Kwanza Hall | Democratic | Georgia | Won special runoff election one month after general election day to fill John Lewis's seat after his death and was not a candidate in the regular election. | December 3, 2020 – January 3, 2021 | 1971– |
7 | 35 days | Brenda Jones | Democratic | Michigan | Won special election and was defeated in Democratic primary for a full term. | November 29, 2018 – January 3, 2019 | 1959– |
8 | 39 days | James Mann [9] (D) | Democratic | Louisiana | Won in the general election and died in office. | July 18, 1868 – August 26, 1868 | 1822–1868 |
9 | 51 days | David Curson [10] | Democratic | Michigan | Won special election and did not seek reelection. | November 13, 2012 – January 3, 2013 | 1948– |
10 | 51 days | Shelley Sekula-Gibbs | Republican | Texas | Won special election but lost regular general election (as a write-in candidate) held the same day. | November 13, 2006 – January 3, 2007 | 1953– |
11 | 54 days | Douglas Hemphill Elliott | Republican | Pennsylvania | Won special election to fill Richard M. Simpson's seat following his death and died in office. | April 26, 1960 – June 19, 1960 | 1921–1960 |
12 | 58 days | Willa L. Fulmer | Democratic | South Carolina | Won special election to fill her late husband Hampton P. Fulmer's vacant seat and did not seek reelection. | November 7, 1944 – January 3, 1945 | 1884–1968 |
13 | 62 days | Lewis E. Sawyer | Democratic | Arkansas | Won in the general election and died in office. | March 4, 1923 – May 5, 1923 | 1867–1923 |
14 | 84 days | Nathaniel D. Wallace [9] | Democratic | Louisiana | Won special election and did not seek reelection. | December 9, 1886 – March 3, 1887 | 1845–1894 |
15 | 89 days | John W. Hunter | Democratic | New York | Won special election to fill James Humphrey's seat following his death and did not seek reelection. | December 4, 1866 – March 3, 1867 | 1807–1900 |
16 | 90 days | Alexander Boarman [9] | Liberal Republican | Louisiana | Won special election and lost reelection. | December 3, 1872 – March 3, 1873 | 1839–1916 |
17 | 90 days | Benjamin Flanders [9] | Unionist | Louisiana | Won special election and did not seek reelection. | December 3, 1862 – March 3, 1863 | 1816–1896 |
18 | 95 days | William Francis Strudwick | Federalist | North Carolina | Won a special election to replace Absalom Tatom and did not seek reelection. | November 28, 1796 – March 3, 1797 | 1765–1812 |
19 | 107 days | Robert L. Coffey (D) | Democratic | Pennsylvania | Won in the general election and died in office. | January 3, 1949 – April 20, 1949 | 1918–1949 |
20 | 112 days | Joe Sempolinski | Republican | New York | Won in a special election to replace Tom Reed and did not seek reelection. | September 13, 2022 – January 3, 2023 | 1983– |
21 | 118 days | J. Smith Young | Democratic | Louisiana | Won special election to fill John E. Leonard's seat following his death and did not seek reelection. | November 5, 1878 – March 3, 1879 | 1834–1916 |
22 | 121 days | Richard Alvin Tonry [9] (R) | Democratic | Louisiana | Won in the general election and later resigned. | January 3, 1977 – May 4, 1977 | 1935–2012 |
23 | 152 days | John William Reid (O) | Democratic | Missouri | Won in the general election and later expelled from the House. | March 4, 1861 – August 3, 1861 | 1821–1881 |
24 | 188 days | Jean Spencer Ashbrook | Republican | Ohio | Won in a special election to replace her husband John M. Ashbrook and did not seek reelection. | June 29, 1982 – January 3, 1983 | 1934– |
25 | 196 days | Mayra Flores | Republican | Texas | Won in a special election to replace Filemon Vela Jr. and lost reelection. | June 21, 2022 – January 3, 2023 | 1986– |
26 | 203 days | Connie Conway | Republican | California | Won in a special election to replace Devin Nunes and did not seek reelection. | June 14, 2022 – January 3, 2023 | 1950– |
27 | 207 days | James C. Alvord (D) | Whig | Massachusetts | Won in the general election and later died. | March 4, 1839 – September 27, 1839 | 1808–1839 |
28 | 207 days | Alton Waldon | Democratic | New York | Won in a special election to replace Joseph P. Addabbo and later lost renomination. | June 10, 1986 – January 3, 1987 | 1936–2023 |
29 | 214 days | William B. Spencer (R) | Democratic | Louisiana | Won a special election, and resigned to accept a judicial appointment. | June 8, 1876 – January 8, 1877 | 1835–1882 |
30 | 222 days | Larkin I. Smith (D) | Republican | Mississippi | Won in the general election and later died. | January 3, 1989 – August 13, 1989 | 1944–1989 |
31 | 226 days | Charles Djou | Republican | Hawaii | Won in a special election to replace Neil Abercrombie and later lost reelection. | May 22, 2010 – January 3, 2011 | 1970– |
32 | 228 days | W. Jasper Blackburn | Republican | Louisiana | Elected following Louisiana's readmission to the Union. | July 18, 1868 – March 3, 1869 | 1820–1899 |
33 | 228 days | Michel Vidal | Republican | Louisiana | Elected following Louisiana's readmission to the Union. | July 18, 1868 – March 3, 1869 | 1824–1895 |
34 | 241 days | James Davenport (D) | Federalist | Connecticut | Won in a special election to replace James Hillhouse and later died. | December 5, 1796 – August 3, 1797 | 1758–1797 |
35 | 245 days | Don Cazayoux | Democratic | Louisiana | Won in a special election to replace Richard Baker and later lost reelection. | May 3, 2008 – January 3, 2009 | 1964– |
36 | 246 days | James McCleery (D) | Republican | Louisiana | Died in office. | March 4, 1871 – November 5, 1871 | 1837–1871 |
37 | 298 days | Walter Capps (D) | Democratic | California | Won in the general election and later died in office. | January 3, 1997 – October 28, 1997 | 1934–1997 |
38 | 304 days | Katie Hill (R) | Democratic | California | Won in the general election and later resigned. | January 3, 2019 – November 3, 2019 | 1987– |
39 | 332 days | George Santos (O) | Republican | New York | Won in the general election and later expelled from House. | January 3, 2023 – December 1, 2023 | 1988 – |
40 | 358 days | Henry Latimer (AE) | Federalist | Delaware | Lost in the general election, but contested the results and was ruled as the victor causing a delayed inauguration and later elected to Senate. | February 14, 1794 – February 7, 1795 | 1752–1819 |
41 | 376 days | John E. Leonard (D) | Republican | Louisiana | Died in office. | March 4, 1877 – March 15, 1878 | 1845–1878 |
42 | 382 days | Bill Janklow (R) | Republican | South Dakota | Won in the general election and later resigned due to causing a fatal car crash. [11] | January 3, 2003 – January 20, 2004 | 1939–2012 |
43 | 383 days | Anthony Wayne (O) | Democratic | Georgia | Won in the general election, but seat was later ruled as vacant due to dispute over his residency. | March 4, 1791 – March 21, 1792 | 1745–1796 |
44 | 389 days | Trey Radel [12] (R) | Republican | Florida | Won in the general election and later resigned. | January 3, 2013 – January 27, 2014 | 1976– |
45 | 413 days | Vance McAllister (R) [12] | Republican | Louisiana | Won a special election to replace Rodney Alexander and later did not seek reelection. | November 16, 2013 – January 3, 2015 | 1974– |
46 | 417 days | Pierre Bossier (D) | Democratic | Louisiana | Died in office. | March 4, 1843 – April 24, 1844 | 1797–1844 |
47 | 425 days | George Allen | Republican | Virginia | Won a special election to replace D. French Slaughter Jr. and later chose not to seek reelection. | November 5, 1991 – January 3, 1993 | 1952– |
48 | 455 days | Absalom Tatom (R) | Democratic-Republican | North Carolina | Won in the general election and later resigned. | March 4, 1795 – June 1, 1796 | 1742–1802 |
49 | 464 days | George Luke Smith | Republican | Louisiana | Won a special election following the death of Representative-elect Samuel Peters. Lost re-election. | November 24, 1873 – March 3, 1875 | 1837–1884 |
50 | 466 days | Michael Hahn (D) | Unionist, Republican | Louisiana | Elected late from Union-occupied Louisiana during the Civil War. Louisiana lost representation after the 37th Congress. Later elected again, but died in office. | December 3, 1862 – March 4, 1863; March 4, 1885 – March 15, 1886 | 1830–1886 |
51 | 475 days | Samuel Louis Gilmore (D) | Democratic | Louisiana | Died in office. | March 30, 1909 – July 18, 1910 | 1859–1910 |
52 | 478 days | Bob Turner | Republican | New York | Won a special election to replace Anthony Weiner and did not seek reelection. | September 13, 2011 – January 3, 2013 | 1941– |
53 | 492 days | Eric Massa (R) | Democratic | New York | Won in the general election and later resigned. | January 3, 2009 – March 8, 2010 | 1969– |
54 | 512 days | Joseph P. Newsham | Republican | Louisiana | Elected upon Louisiana's readmission to the Union and did not seek reelection. Later elected in a special election to replace Michel Vidal, and did not seek reelection. | July 18, 1868 – March 3, 1869 May 23, 1870 – March 3, 1871 | 1837–1919 |
55 | 522 days | Frank Ballance (R) | Democratic | North Carolina | Won in the general election and later resigned. | January 3, 2003 – June 8, 2004 | 1942–2019 |
56 | 528 days | George Partridge (R) | Pro-Administration | Massachusetts | Won in the general election and later resigned. | March 4, 1789 – August 14, 1790 | 1740–1828 |
57 | 531 days | Joseph F. Smith | Democratic | Pennsylvania | Won in a special election to replace Raymond Lederer and later lost in the Democratic primary. | July 21, 1981 – January 3, 1983 | 1920–1999 |
58 | 531 days | Charles Magill Conrad (AE) | Whig | Louisiana | Resigned following appointment as U.S. Secretary of War. | March 4, 1849 – August 17, 1850 | 1804–1878 |
59 | 556 days | Karen Handel | Republican | Georgia | Won a special election to replace Tom Price and later lost reelection. | June 26, 2017 – January 3, 2019 | 1962– |
60 | 564 days | Mark Takai (D) | Democratic | Hawaii | Won in the general election and later died in office. | January 3, 2015 – July 20, 2016 | 1967–2016 |
61 | 582 days | Kathy Hochul | Democratic | New York | Won a special election to replace Chris Lee and later lost reelection. | June 1, 2011 – January 3, 2013 | 1962– |
62 | 582 days | Benjamin Franklin Whittemore (R) | Republican | South Carolina | Won a special election following South Carolina's readmission into the Union and later resigned. | July 18, 1868 – February 24, 1870 | 1824–1894 |
63 | 594 days | Lovell Rousseau (R) | Unconditional Unionist | Kentucky | Elected in the general election, but resigned after being censured only to run in the special election and won to replace himself and later did not seek reelection. | March 4, 1865 – July 21, 1866; December 3, 1866 – March 3, 1867 | 1818–1869 |
64 | 600 days | Bill Redmond | Republican | New Mexico | Won a special election to replace Bill Richardson and later lost reelection. | May 13, 1997 – January 3, 1999 | 1955– |
65 | 602 days | John T. Deweese (R) | Republican | North Carolina | Won a special election following North Carolina's readmission into the Union and later resigned. | July 6, 1868 – February 28, 1870 | 1835-1906 |
66 | 609 days | Peter W. Barca | Democratic | Wisconsin | Won a special election to replace Les Aspin and later lost reelection. | May 4, 1993 – January 3, 1995 | 1955– |
67 | 614 days | Scott Murphy | Democratic | New York | Won a special election to replace Kirsten Gillibrand and later lost reelection. | April 29, 2009 – January 3, 2011 | 1970– |
68 | 614 days | Uriah Forrest (R) | Federalist | Maryland | Won in the general election and later resigned. | March 4, 1793 – November 8, 1794 | 1756-1805 |
69 | 644 days | Catherine Small Long | Democratic | Louisiana | Won a special election to replace her husband Gillis William Long and later chose not to run for reelection. | March 30, 1985 – January 3, 1987 | 1924–2019 |
70 | 661 days | John H. Overton | Democratic | Louisiana | Won a special election to replace James B. Aswell. Did not seek reelection to the House. | May 12, 1931 – March 3, 1933 | 1875–1948 |
71 | 674 days | Sam Brownback (AE) | Republican | Kansas | Won in the general election and later the special Senate election to replace Bob Dole. | January 3, 1995 – November 7, 1996 | 1956– |
72 | 730 days | Tim Scott (AE; R) | Republican | South Carolina | Won in the general election, and later won reelection, but he resigned a day before his initial House term ended to accept appointment to the Senate. | January 3, 2011 – January 2, 2013 | 1965– |
Since Alaska became a U.S. state in 1959, it has sent congressional delegations to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives. Each state elects two senators to serve for six years, and member(s) of the House to two-year terms. Before becoming a state, the Territory of Alaska elected a non-voting delegate at-large to Congress from 1906 to 1959.
Since Hawaii became a state in 1959, it has sent congressional delegations to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives. Each state elects two senators to serve for six years. Members of the House of Representatives are elected to two-year terms, one from each of Hawaii's congressional districts. Before becoming a state, the Territory of Hawaii elected a non-voting delegate at-large to Congress from 1900 to 1958.
The federal government of the United States is the national government of the United States, a federal republic located primarily in North America, composed of 50 states, five major self-governing territories, several island possessions, and the federal district and national capital of Washington, D.C., where most of the federal government is based.
A member of congress (MOC) is a person who has been appointed or elected and inducted into an official body called a congress, typically to represent a particular constituency in a legislature. The term member of parliament (MP) is an equivalent term within a parliamentary system of governments
Joseph Taylor Robinson, also known as Joe T. Robinson, was an American politician from Arkansas. A member of the Democratic Party, he represented Arkansas in the United States Senate from 1913 to 1937, serving for four years as Senate Majority Leader and ten as Minority Leader. He previously served as the state's 23rd governor, and was also the Democratic vice presidential nominee in the 1928 presidential election.
Blanche Lambert Lincoln is an American politician who served as a United States Senator from Arkansas from 1999 to 2011. A member of the Democratic Party, she was first elected to the Senate in 1998; she was the first woman elected to the Senate from Arkansas since Hattie Caraway in 1932 and youngest woman ever elected to the Senate at age 38. She previously served in the U.S. House of Representatives, representing Arkansas's 1st congressional district from 1993 to 1997.
Since Connecticut became a U.S. state in 1788, it has sent congressional delegations to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives, beginning with the 1st United States Congress in 1789. Each state elects two senators to serve for six years in general elections, with their re-election staggered. Prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were elected by the Connecticut General Assembly. Each state elects varying numbers of members of the House, depending on population, to two-year terms. Connecticut has sent five members to the House in each congressional delegation since the 2000 United States Census.
Since Arkansas became a U.S. state in 1836, it has sent congressional delegations to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives. Each state elects two senators to serve for six years, and members of the House to two-year terms. Before becoming a state, the Arkansas Territory elected a non-voting delegate at-large to Congress from 1819 to 1836.
Since Utah became a U.S. state in 1896, it has sent congressional delegations to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives. Each state elects two senators to serve for six years. Before the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were elected by the Utah State Legislature. Members of the House of Representatives are elected to two-year terms, one from each of Utah's four congressional districts. Before becoming a state, the Territory of Utah elected a non-voting delegate at-large to Congress from 1850 to 1896.
Since Montana became a U.S. state in 1889, it has sent congressional delegations to the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. Each state elects two senators to serve for six years. Before the Seventeenth Amendment took effect in 1913, senators were elected by the Montana State Legislature. Members of the House of Representatives are elected to two-year terms, one from Montana's at-large congressional district. Before becoming a state, the Territory of Montana elected a non-voting delegate at-large to Congress from 1864 to 1889.
These are tables of congressional delegations from Indiana to the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate.
The 72nd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1931, to March 4, 1933, during the last two years of Herbert Hoover's presidency. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1910 United States census. The Senate had a Republican majority. The House started with a very slim Republican majority, but by the time it first met in December 1931, the Democrats had gained a majority through special elections.
Thaddeus Horatius Caraway was a Democratic Party politician from the US state of Arkansas who represented the state first in the US House of Representatives from 1913 to 1921 and then in the US Senate from 1921 until his death.
U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton, 514 U.S. 779 (1995), is a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision in which the Court ruled that states cannot impose qualifications for prospective members of the U.S. Congress stricter than those the Constitution specifies. The decision invalidated 23 states' Congressional term limit provisions. The parties to the case were U.S. Term Limits, a nonprofit advocacy group, and Arkansas politician Ray Thornton, among others.
Women have served in the United States House of Representatives, the lower chamber of the United States Congress, since 1917 following the election of Republican Jeannette Rankin from Montana, the first woman in Congress. In total, 376 women have been U.S. representatives and seven more have been non-voting delegates. As of November 28, 2023, there are 126 women in the U.S. House of Representatives, making women 29.0% of the total. Of the 383 women who have served in the House, 251 have been Democrats and 132 have been Republicans. One woman was the 52nd Speaker of the House, Democrat Nancy Pelosi of California.
The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress. The United States Senate and the lower chamber of Congress, the United States House of Representatives, comprise the federal bicameral legislature of the United States. Together, the Senate and the House maintain authority under Article One of the U.S. Constitution to pass or defeat federal legislation. The Senate has exclusive power to confirm U.S. presidential appointments, approve or reject treaties, and try cases of impeachment brought by the House. The Senate and the House provide a check and balance on the powers of the executive and judicial branches of government.