The 108th United States Congress began on January 3, 2003. There were nine new senators (seven Republicans, two Democrats) and 53 new representatives (32 Republicans, 21 Democrats), as well as one new delegate (a Democrat), at the start of its first session. Additionally, four representatives (three Democrats, one Republican) took office on various dates in order to fill vacancies during the 108th Congress before it ended on January 3, 2005.
Due to redistricting after the 2000 census, 16 representatives were elected from newly established congressional districts.
| District | Delegate | Switched party | Prior background | Birth year |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Guam at-large | Madeleine Bordallo (D) | No | Lieutenant Governor of Guam | 1933 |
| District | Representative | Took office | Switched party | Prior background | Birth year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Texas 19 | Randy Neugebauer (R) | June 5, 2003 | No | City councilor | 1949 |
| Kentucky 6 | Ben Chandler (D) | February 17, 2004 | Yes | Attorney General of Kentucky | 1959 |
| South Dakota at-large | Stephanie Herseth (D) | June 1, 2004 | Yes | Law clerk | 1970 |
| North Carolina 1 | G. K. Butterfield (D) | July 20, 2004 | No | North Carolina Supreme Court | 1947 |
Since Hawaii became a state in 1959, it has sent congressional delegations to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives. Each state elects two senators to serve for six years. Members of the House of Representatives are elected to two-year terms, one from each of Hawaii's congressional districts. Before becoming a state, the Territory of Hawaii elected a non-voting delegate at-large to Congress from 1900 to 1958.
The 2004 United States House of Representatives elections were held on November 2, 2004 to elect all 435 seats of the chamber. It coincided with the re-election of President George W. Bush as well as many Senate elections and gubernatorial elections. Prior to the election in the 108th Congress, Republicans held 227 seats, Democrats held 205, with two Republican vacancies and one independent. As a result of this election, the 109th Congress began composed of 232 Republicans, 201 Democrats, one independent, and one vacancy.
Since Montana became a U.S. state in 1889, it has sent congressional delegations to the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. Each state elects two senators to serve for six years. Before the Seventeenth Amendment took effect in 1913, senators were elected by the Montana State Legislature. Members of the House of Representatives are elected to two-year terms, one from Montana's at-large congressional district. Before becoming a state, the Territory of Montana elected a non-voting delegate at-large to Congress from 1864 to 1889.
These are tables of congressional delegations from Virginia to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives. Virginia's current U.S. Senators are Democrats Mark Warner and Tim Kaine. Virginia is allotted 11 seats in the U.S. House Of Representatives; currently, 6 seats are held by Democrats and 5 seats are held by Republicans.
These are tables of congressional delegations from Indiana to the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate.
The 1860–61 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between August 6, 1860 and October 24, 1861, before or after the first session of the 37th United States Congress convened on July 4, 1861. The number of House seats initially increased to 239 when California was apportioned an extra one, but these elections were affected by the outbreak of the American Civil War and resulted in over 56 vacancies.
Women have served in the United States House of Representatives, the lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the Senate being the upper chamber, since 1917 following the 1916 election of Republican Jeannette Rankin from Montana, the first woman in Congress. In total, 375 women have been U.S. representatives and seven more women have been non-voting delegates. As of March 7, 2023, there are 125 women in the U.S. House of Representatives, making women 28.7% of the total. Of the 382 women who have served in the House, 251 have been Democrats and 131 have been Republicans. One woman has been Speaker of the House, Democrat Nancy Pelosi of California.
The 1866–67 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1866 and 1867, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.
