The 101st United States Congress began on January 3, 1989. There were 11 new senators (five Democrats, six Republicans) and 31 new representatives (16 Democrats, 15 Republicans), as well as one new delegate (a Democrat) at the start of the first session. Additionally, two senators (one Democrat, one Republican) and 12 representatives (nine Democrats, three Republicans) took office on various dates in order to fill vacancies during the 101st Congress before it ended on January 3, 1991.
| State | Image | Senator | Took office | Switched party | Prior background | Birth year | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hawaii |  | Daniel Akaka (D) | May 16, 1990 | No Appointed; replaced Spark Matsunaga (D) | U.S. House of Representatives U.S. Army Corporal | 1924 | [12] |
| New Hampshire |  | Bob Smith (R) | December 7, 1990 | No Open seat; replaced Gordon J. Humphrey (R) | U.S. House of Representatives U.S. Navy Reserve | 1941 | [13] |
| District | Delegate | Switched party | Prior background | Birth year | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| American Samoa at-large | Eni Faleomavaega (D) | No | Lieutenant Governor of American Samoa | 1943 | [45] |
| District | Representative | Took office | Switched party | Prior background | Birth year | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indiana 4 | Jill Long Thompson (D) | March 28, 1989 | Yes | Educator | 1952 | [46] |
| Alabama 3 | Glen Browder (D) | April 4, 1989 | No | Secretary of State of Alabama | 1943 | [47] |
| Wyoming at-large | Craig L. Thomas (R) | April 26, 1989 | No | State Representative | 1933 | [48] |
| Florida 18 | Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R) | August 29, 1989 | Yes | State Senator | 1952 | [49] |
| California 15 | Gary Condit (D) | September 12, 1989 | No | State Assemblyman | 1948 | [50] |
| Texas 12 | Pete Geren (D) | September 12, 1989 | No | Attorney | 1952 | [51] |
| Mississippi 5 | Gene Taylor (D) | October 17, 1989 | Yes | State Senator | 1953 | [52] |
| Texas 18 | Craig Washington (D) | December 9, 1989 | No | State Senator | 1941 | [53] |
| New York 14 | Susan Molinari (R) | March 20, 1990 | No | City Councilor | 1958 | [54] |
| New York 18 | José E. Serrano (D) | March 20, 1990 | No | State Assemblyman | 1943 | [55] |
| Hawaii 2 | Patsy Mink (D) | September 22, 1990 | No | U.S. Representative [lower-alpha 5] | 1927 | [56] |
| New Jersey 1 | Rob Andrews (D) | November 6, 1990 | No | Chosen Freeholder | 1957 | [57] |
Joseph Isadore Lieberman is an American politician, lobbyist, and attorney who served as a United States senator from Connecticut from 1989 to 2013. A former member of the Democratic Party, he was its nominee for Vice President of the United States in the 2000 U.S. presidential election. During his final term in office, he was officially listed as an independent Democrat and caucused with and chaired committees for the Democratic Party.
James Merrill Jeffords was an American lawyer and politician who served as a U.S. senator from Vermont. Sworn into the Senate in 1989, he served as a Republican until 2001, when he left the party to become an independent and began caucusing with the Democrats. Jeffords retired from the Senate in 2007. Prior to serving in the Senate, he served as the U.S. representative for Vermont's at-large congressional district from 1975 to 1989.
The 107th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 2001 to January 3, 2003, during the final weeks of the Clinton presidency and the first two years of the George W. Bush presidency. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1990 United States census.
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The 101st United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 1989, to January 3, 1991, during the final weeks of Ronald Reagan's presidency and the first two years of George H. W. Bush's presidency.
The 99th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 1985, to January 3, 1987, during the fifth and sixth years of Ronald Reagan's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1980 United States census.
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In U.S. politics, an independent Democrat is an individual who loosely identifies with the ideals of the Democratic Party but chooses not to be a formal member of the party or is denied the Democratic nomination in a caucus or primary election. Independent Democrat is not a political party. Several elected officials, including members of Congress, have identified as independent Democrats.
Party divisions of United States Congresses have played a central role on the organization and operations of both chambers of the United States Congress—the Senate and the House of Representatives—since its establishment as the bicameral legislature of the Federal government of the United States in 1789. Political parties had not been anticipated when the U.S. Constitution was drafted in 1787, nor did they exist at the time the first Senate elections and House elections occurred in 1788 and 1789. Organized political parties developed in the U.S. in the 1790s, but political factions—from which organized parties evolved—began to appear almost immediately after the 1st Congress convened. Those who supported the Washington administration were referred to as "pro-administration" and would eventually form the Federalist Party, while those in opposition joined the emerging Democratic-Republican Party.
The 2000 United States elections were held on November 7, 2000. Republican Governor George W. Bush of Texas defeated Democratic Vice President Al Gore of Tennessee in the presidential election. Republicans retained control of both houses of Congress, giving the party unified control of Congress and the presidency for the first time since the 1954 elections.
The 1866–67 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1866 and 1867, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.
Elijah James Crane is an American politician and businessman elected as the U.S. representative from Arizona's 2nd congressional district since 2023. A member of the Republican Party, Crane served in the United States Navy SEALs and co-founded Bottle Breacher, a company that manufactures bottle openers made of 50-caliber shell casings. In the 2022 election, Crane defeated incumbent Democrat Tom O'Halleran.
