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This is a list of political parties in the United States, both past and present. The list does not include independents.
Party | Ideology | Year founded | Membership (2022) [1] | Presidential vote [2] | Senators [3] | Representatives [4] | Governors [5] | State legislators [5] | Legislatures [5] | Trifectas [5] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Electoral | Popular | Voting | Nonvoting | |||||||||||
Democratic Party | Social liberalism (American) | 1828 | 47,194,492 | 306 / 538 | 81,284,778 (51.27%) | 51 / 100 [upper-alpha 1] | 212 / 435 | 3 / 6 | 28 / 55 | 3,271 / 7,383 | 19 / 49 | 17 / 49 | ||
Republican Party | Conservatism (American) | 1854 | 35,723,389 | 232 / 538 | 74,224,501 (46.82%) | 49 / 100 | 222 / 435 | 3 / 6 | 26 / 55 | 4,031 / 7,383 | 28 / 49 | 22 / 49 |
This section needs additional citations for verification .(May 2019) |
The following third parties have members in state legislatures affiliated with them.
Party | Ballot access (2022) | Ideology | Year founded | Membership | Presidential vote (2020) | State legislators | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Libertarian Party | See also the list of affiliates AZ, CA, CO, DE, FL, HI, ID, IN, KS, LA, MD, MI, MS, MO, MT, NE, NV, NC, NH, OH, OK, OR, SC, SD, TX, UT, VT, WV, WY + D.C. [6] [7] | Libertarianism (American) [8] | 1971 [9] | 727,776 (2022) [1] | 1,865,917 (1.18%) | 1 / 7,383 [10] | ||
Forward Party | CO, FL, SC, UT, VA [11] | Human-Centered Capitalism Populism Reformism Radical centrism | 2022 | 64 (UT) [12] | No candidate | 2 / 7,383 [13] | ||
Vermont Progressive Party | Vermont | Progressivism (American) [14] Democratic socialism [14] | 1993 | Unknown | No candidate | 6 / 7,383 [15] | ||
Independent Party of Oregon | Oregon | Centrism [16] | 2007 | 137,972 (2022) [1] | No candidate | 1 / 7,383 [17] |
The following third parties are represented in the Puerto Rican Legislature.
Party | Ideology | Year founded | President | Gubernatorial vote [18] | Senators [19] | Representatives [19] | Mayors [20] | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
New Progressive Party Partido Nuevo Progresista | Puerto Rico statehood | 1967 [21] | Pedro Pierluisi | 427,016 (33.24%) | 10 / 27 | 21 / 51 | 36 / 78 | ||
Popular Democratic Party Partido Popular Democrático | Pro-Commonwealth Centrism | 1938 [22] | Jesus Manuel Ortiz | 407,817 (31.75%) | 12 / 27 | 26 / 51 | 41 / 78 | ||
Citizens' Victory Movement Movimiento Victoria Ciudadana | Anti-imperialism Anti-neoliberalism Progressivism | 2019 | Ana Irma Rivera Lassén | 179,265 (13.95%) | 2 / 27 | 2 / 51 | 0 / 78 | ||
Puerto Rican Independence Party Partido Independentista Puertorriqueño | Puerto Rico independence Social democracy | 1946 [21] | Rubén Berríos | 175,402 (13.58%) | 1 / 27 | 1 / 51 | 0 / 78 | ||
Project Dignity Proyecto Dignidad | Christian democracy Anti-corruption | 2019 | César Váquez Muñiz | 87,379 (6.80%) | 1 / 27 | 1 / 51 | 1 / 78 |
The following third parties have ballot access in at least one state and are not represented in a national office, state legislature, or territorial legislature. [23]
The following parties have been active in the past 4 years, but as of December 2021, did not have official ballot access in any state. [23]
Party | Ideology | Year founded | Membership [48] | Presidential vote (2020) [2] | Year lost access | Seeking access | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Socialist Workers Party | Communism Castroism | 1938 | 298 (DE/KY) | 6,791 (0.004%) | ||||
Prohibition Party | Temperance Christian democracy Social conservatism | 1869 | 36 [62] | 4,856 (0.003%) | ||||
Socialist Equality Party | Trotskyism | 1966 | Unknown | 351 (0.0002%) | ||||
Socialist Party USA | Socialism Anti-capitalism Eco-socialism Socialist feminism | 1973 [31] | 8,215 (ME/MA/NJ) | [upper-alpha 3] | ||||
Communist Party USA | Communism Marxism–Leninism Bill of Rights socialism | 1919 | ||||||
Progressive Labor Party | Anti-revisionism Stalinism | 1962 | Unknown | |||||
Socialist Alternative | Marxism | 1986 | Unknown | [upper-alpha 3] | ||||
United States Pirate Party | Pirate politics | 2006 | 3,000 | |||||
Workers World Party | Communism | 1959 | Unknown | |||||
Freedom Socialist Party | Trotskyism | 1966 | Unknown | |||||
American Freedom Party | American nationalism | 2009 [63] | Unknown | |||||
Socialist Action | Trotskyism [64] | 1983 | Unknown | |||||
Transhumanist Party | Libertarian transhumanism Extropianism Technogaianism | 2014 | Unknown |
Party | Territory | Other names | Ideology | Mergers/Splits | Created | Disbanded | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Puerto Rican Nationalist Party | Puerto Rico | Puerto Rican nationalism [171] | 1922 | 1965 | |||
Puerto Rican Socialist Party | Puerto Rico | Puerto Rican nationalism [172] | 1959 | 1993 | |||
Covenant Party | Northern Mariana Islands | Populism | Merged into: Republican Party | 2001 | 2013 [173] | ||
Working People's Party | Puerto Rico | Partido del Pueblo Trabajador | 2010 | 2016 | |||
Popular Party (Guam) | Guam | Commercial Party | Merged into: Democratic Party | 1949 | 1964 | ||
Territorial Party (Guam) | Guam | Merged into: Republican Party | 1956 | 1966 | |||
Popular Party (Northern Mariana Islands) [174] [175] | Northern Mariana Islands | Merged into: Democratic Party | 1978 | ||||
Territorial Party (Northern Mariana Islands) [175] | Northern Mariana Islands | Merged into: Republican Party | |||||
This section needs additional citations for verification .(March 2023) |
These organizations generally do not nominate candidates for election, but some of them have in the past; they otherwise function similarly to political parties.
These historical organizations did not officially nominate candidates for election but may have endorsed or supported campaigns; they otherwise functioned similarly to political parties.
Officially recognized parties in states are not guaranteed have ballot access, membership numbers of some parties with ballot access are not tracked, and vice versa. Not all of these parties are active, and not all states record voter registration by party. Boxes in gray mean that the specific party's registration is not reported.
State | As of | Democratic | Republican | Libertarian | Green | Constitution | Others | Unaffiliated | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alaska | April 3, 2024 [186] | 73,637 | 143,100 | 6,654 | 1,520 | 776 | 19,712 [lower-alpha 5] | 346,110 | 591,509 |
Arizona | April 2024 [187] | 1,192,205 | 1,434,982 | 31,164 | 2,796 | – | 1,397,173 | 4,058,320 | |
Arkansas | May 3, 2024 [188] | 86,231 | 131,647 | 700 | 104 | – | 1 | 1,543,863 | 1,762,546 |
California | February 20, 2024 [189] | 10,285,108 | 5,388,479 | 240,618 | 102,659 | 271 | 1,237,551 [lower-alpha 6] | 4,822,647 | 22,077,333 |
Colorado | May 1, 2024 [190] | 1,006,438 | 903,079 | 37,315 | 8,280 | 11,245 | 17,469 [lower-alpha 7] | 1,850,286 | 3,834,112 |
Connecticut | November 2, 2022 [191] | 898,303 | 502,482 | 3,351 | 1,251 | – | 31,415 [lower-alpha 8] | 1,033,470 | 2,470,272 |
Delaware | May 1, 2024 [192] | 350,955 | 205,909 | 2,028 | 718 | 238 | 17,259 [lower-alpha 9] | 197,529 | 774,636 |
Washington, DC | August 2022 [1] | 379,489 | 26,567 | 2,290 | 3,855 | – | 82,556 | 494,757 | |
Florida | July 4, 2023 [193] | 4,813,121 | 5,309,900 | 38,756 | 7,838 | 6,590 | 230,102 [lower-alpha 10] | 4,010,490 | 14,416,797 |
Idaho | August 2022 [1] | 129,550 | 577,507 | 11,147 | – | 4,036 | – | 275,271 | 997,511 |
Iowa | November 1, 2022 [194] | 597,120 | 681,871 | 12,100 | 2,966 | – | 555,988 | 1,850,045 | |
Kansas | April 30, 2024 [195] | 503,972 | 874,132 | 24,151 | – | 39 [lower-alpha 11] | 563,482 | 1,965,776 | |
Kentucky | April 15, 2024 [196] | 1,511,242 | 1,615,451 | 16,391 | 2,403 | 1,376 | 190,272 [lower-alpha 12] | 153,870 | 3,491,005 |
Louisiana | November 7, 2023 [197] | 1,149,803 | 1,007,759 | 15,903 | 2,542 | 161 | 133,392 [lower-alpha 13] | 666,443 | 2,976,003 |
Maine | March 5, 2024 [198] | 341,925 | 281,904 | 5,236 | 36,724 | – | 9,677 [lower-alpha 14] | 275,560 | 951,026 |
Maryland | March 2024 [199] | 2,208,095 | 994,529 | 18,836 | – | 54,533 [lower-alpha 15] | 909,180 | 4,185,173 | |
Massachusetts | May 3, 2024 [200] | 1,336,825 | 415,438 | 16,307 | 3,599 | 292 | 21,012 [lower-alpha 16] | 3,132,433 | 4,925,906 |
Nebraska | May 1, 2024 [201] | 330,657 | 605,466 | 18,036 | – | 6,684 [lower-alpha 17] | 271,568 | 1,232,411 | |
Nevada | May 1, 2024 [202] | 708,432 | 654,182 | 20,967 | – | 151,605 [lower-alpha 18] | 794,532 | 2,329,718 | |
New Hampshire | March 29, 2024 [203] | 260,281 | 304,375 | – | 325,930 | 890,586 | |||
New Jersey | May 1, 2024 [204] | 2,494,013 | 1,559,327 | 25,118 | 11,460 | 13,041 | 29,649 [lower-alpha 19] | 2,416,960 | 6,549,568 |
New Mexico | April 30, 2024 [205] | 577,692 | 415,653 | 15,036 | – | 12,407 | 315,390 | 1,336,178 | |
New York | February 27, 2024 [206] | 6,404,069 | 2,903,144 | – | 627,456 [lower-alpha 20] | 3,173,678 | 13,108,347 | ||
North Carolina | May 1, 2024 [207] | 2,404,692 | 2,234,315 | 50,119 | 2,056 | 0 (New) | 7,752 [lower-alpha 21] | 2,743,054 | 7,441,988 |
Oklahoma | April 30, 2024 [208] | 649,432 | 1,214,774 | 22,365 | – | 449,488 | 2,336,059 | ||
Oregon | August 2022 [1] | 1,014,041 | 730,765 | 20,865 | 7,820 | 3,845 | 149,549 [lower-alpha 22] | 1,031,392 | 2,958,277 |
Pennsylvania | April 29, 2024 [209] | 3,895,223 | 3,499,524 | 42,919 | 10,326 | – | 1,273,199 | 8,721,191 | |
Rhode Island | May 2024 [210] | 281,725 | 103,268 | – | 338,629 | 723,622 | |||
South Dakota | May 1, 2024 [211] | 144,243 | 303,722 | 2,923 | – | 967 [lower-alpha 23] | 149,935 | 601,790 | |
Utah | April 29, 2024 [212] | 274,679 | 987,848 | 26,241 | 50 | 8,450 | 90,183 [lower-alpha 24] | 575,674 | 1,963,125 |
West Virginia | May 4, 2024 [213] | 358,056 | 477,549 | 10,800 | 2,542 | – | 39,412 | 292,963 | 1,181,322 |
Wyoming | May 4, 2024 [214] | 23,787 | 178,387 | 1,057 | – | 343 | 13 | 15,875 | 219,462 |
The Republicans contended that the Federalists harboured aristocratic attitudes and that their policies placed too much power in the central government and tended to benefit the affluent at the expense of the common man.
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: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)The Green Party of the United States (GPUS) is a federation of Green state political parties in the United States. The party promotes green politics, specifically environmentalism; nonviolence; social justice; participatory democracy; grassroots democracy; anti-war; anti-racism; eco-socialism. On the political spectrum, the party is generally seen as left-wing. As of 2023, it is the fourth-largest political party in the United States by voter registration, behind the Libertarian Party.
The Libertarian Party (LP) is a political party in the United States that promotes civil liberties, non-interventionism, laissez-faire capitalism, and limiting the size and scope of government. The party was conceived in August 1971 at meetings in the home of David F. Nolan in Westminster, Colorado, and was officially formed on December 11, 1971, in Colorado Springs. The organizers of the party drew inspiration from the works and ideas of the prominent Austrian school economist, Murray Rothbard. The founding of the party was prompted in part due to concerns about the Nixon administration, the Vietnam War, conscription, and the introduction of fiat money.
The Constitution Party, formerly the U.S. Taxpayers' Party until 1999, is a political party in the United States that promotes a religiously conservative interpretation of the principles and intents of the United States Constitution. The party platform is based on originalist interpretations of the Constitution and shaped by principles which it believes were set forth in the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, the Constitution and the Bible.
Primary elections, or direct primary, are voting processes by which voters can indicate their preference for their party's candidate, or a candidate in general, in an upcoming general election, local election, or by-election. Depending on the country and administrative divisions within the country, voters might consist of the general public in what is called an open primary, or solely the members of a political party in what is called a closed primary. In addition to these, there are other variants on primaries that are used by many countries holding elections throughout the world.
The Peace and Freedom Party (PFP) is a left-wing political party with ballot status in California. Its first candidates appeared on the 1966 New York ballot. The Peace and Freedom Party of California was organized in early 1967, gathering over 103,000 registrants which qualified its ballot status in January 1968 under the California Secretary of State Report of Registration.
American electoral politics have been dominated by successive pairs of major political parties since shortly after the founding of the republic of the United States. Since the 1850s, the two largest political parties have been the Democratic Party and the Republican Party—which together have won every United States presidential election since 1852 and controlled the United States Congress since at least 1856. Despite keeping the same names, the two parties have evolved in terms of ideologies, positions, and support bases over their long lifespans, in response to social, cultural, and economic developments—the Democratic Party being the left-of-center party since the time of the New Deal, and the Republican Party now being the right-of-center party.
The American Independent Party (AIP) is a political party in the United States founded in 1968.
Third party, or minor party, is a term used in the United States' two-party system for political parties other than the Republican and Democratic parties.
In political science, voter fatigue is a cause of voter abstention which result from the electorates of representative democracies being asked to vote often, on too many issues or without easy access to relevant information. Voter fatigue can be a symptom of efforts that make voting more difficult that some describe as voter suppression, which changes the voting rules and environment in such a way that turnout decreases as the cost of voting increases.
Ballot access are rules and procedures regulating the right to candidacy, the conditions under which a candidate, political party, or ballot measure is entitled to appear on voters' ballots in elections in the United States. The jurisprudence of the right to candidacy and right to create a political party are less clear than voting rights in the United States. However, the U.S. Supreme Court has established in multiple cases that the federal constitution does not recognize a fundamental right to candidacy, and that state governments have a legitimate government interest in blocking "frivolous or fraudulent candidacies". As election processes are decentralized by Article I, Section 4, of the United States Constitution, ballot access laws are established and enforced by the states. As a result, ballot access processes may vary from one state to another. State access requirements for candidates generally pertain to personal qualities of a candidate, such as: minimum age, residency, and citizenship. Additionally, many states require prospective candidates to collect a specified number of qualified voters' signatures on petitions of support and mandate the payment of filing fees before granting access; ballot measures are similarly regulated. Each state also regulates how political parties qualify for automatic ballot access, and how those minor parties that do not can. Fundamental to democracy, topics related to ballot access are the subject of considerable debate in the United States.
The Libertarian Party of Colorado (LPCO) is the Colorado affiliate of the national Libertarian Party (LP).
Voter registration in the United States is required for voting in federal, state and local elections. The only exception is North Dakota, although cities in North Dakota may register voters for city elections. Voter registration takes place at the county level in many states and at the municipal level in several states. Most states set cutoff dates for voter registration and to update details, ranging from 2 to 4 weeks before an election; while a third of states have Election Day or "same-day" voter registration which enables eligible citizens to register or update their registration when they vote before or on election day.
The Independent Party of Oregon (IPO) is a centrist political party in the U.S. state of Oregon with more than 140,000 registrants since its inception in January 2007. The IPO is Oregon's third-largest political party and the first political party other than the Democratic Party and Republican Party to be recognized by the state of Oregon as a major political party.
The Independent Party of Delaware (IPoD) is a political party in the State of Delaware, United States. As of March 2021, it is the third largest political party in Delaware with 9,443 registered voters. The preamble outlines the party's goals: "The Independent Party of Delaware is dedicated to reform of government at all levels in the Greater Public Interest through election of independent alternative candidates". The party supports laissez-faire capitalism, limited government, and environmentalism. It was officially formed on August 29, 2000, for the stated purpose of providing Delaware voters with an alternative to the Republican and Democratic parties. The party works to support independent candidates for public office by providing them with ballot access, distributing information to voters, and encouraging participation in candidate debates.
This article contains lists of official and potential third party and independent candidates associated with the 2016 United States presidential election.
Voter suppression in the United States consists of various legal and illegal efforts to prevent eligible citizens from exercising their right to vote. Such voter suppression efforts vary by state, local government, precinct, and election. Voter suppression has historically been used for racial, economic, gender, age and disability discrimination. After the American Civil War, all African-American men were granted voting rights, but poll taxes or language tests were used to limit and suppress the ability to register or cast a ballot. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 improved voting access. Since the beginning of voter suppression efforts, proponents of these laws have cited concerns over electoral integrity as a justification for various restrictions and requirements, while opponents argue that these constitute bad faith given the lack of voter fraud evidence in the United States.
The American Solidarity Party (ASP) is a Christian democratic political party in the United States. It was founded in 2011 and officially incorporated in 2016. The party has a Solidarity National Committee (SNC) and has numerous active state and local chapters. Peter Sonski is the party's nominee in the 2024 United States presidential election.
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