American Solidarity Party

Last updated

American Solidarity Party
Chairperson Patrick Harris [1]
Founded2011;14 years ago (2011)
NewspaperThe American Commons [2] (unofficial)
Youth wing Young Americans for Solidarity
Ideology Christian democracy [3] [4] [5]
Political position Syncretic
Fiscal: Center-left [6] [7]
Social: Center-right [6]
Colors  Orange
Slogan"Common Good, Common Ground, Common Sense." [8]
Seats in the Senate
0 / 100
Seats in the House
0 / 435
Governorships
0 / 50
State Upper House Seats
0 / 1,972
State Lower House Seats
0 / 5,411
Other elected officials6 [9]
Website
www.solidarity-party.org OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg

The American Solidarity Party (ASP) is a Christian democratic political party in the United States. [4] [5] [8] It was founded in 2011 and officially incorporated in 2016. The party has a Solidarity National Committee (SNC) and has numerous active state and local chapters. [8] [10] Peter Sonski was the party's nominee in the 2024 United States presidential election.

Contents

The American Solidarity Party has been characterized as socially conservative while supporting government intervention in economic matters. [11] The ASP encourages social development along the lines of subsidiarity and sphere sovereignty, with a stated emphasis on "the importance of strong families, local communities, and voluntary associations". [12] It favors fiscally progressive policies, [8] [13] [14] as well as a social market economy with a distributist character, [15] [16] which seeks "widespread economic participation and ownership", [16] and providing a social safety net program.

In the 2024 United States presidential election, it was on the ballot in Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Florida, Hawaii, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Ohio.

Names and symbols

The party's original name was inspired by its European counterparts, the Polish trade union Solidarity, [17] and the current one reflects its more developed ideology and focus in the years since. [8] The ASP mascot is the pelican, a traditional symbol of charity. [18] The party's political color is orange, like other Christian-democratic political parties.

On social media, ASP members use the orange heart emoji to denote their "whole-life ethic" and Christian democratic influences. Members of the American Solidarity Party use the demonym "Solidarist" to refer to themselves. [19]

History

Members gathered for the 2017 ASP Midwestern Regional Meeting 2017 American Solidarity Party Midwestern Regional Meeting.jpg
Members gathered for the 2017 ASP Midwestern Regional Meeting

The American Solidarity party was founded in 2011 as the Christian Democratic Party USA (CDPUSA) by founders David "Frost" Harris, Kirk Morrison, and Jack Quirk. [8] [20] In 2012, the CDPUSA endorsed the independent candidacy of Joe Schriner for president. [21] In December 2020, the American Solidarity Party joined the board of the Coalition for Free and Open Elections (COFOE). [22]

Ideology

The American Solidarity Party largely adheres to the ideology of Christian democracy, which has been influenced by Catholic social teaching, Neo-Calvinist theology and the social teachings espoused by other traditions of Christianity in various parts of the world. [3] [23] [24] [4] [5] As such, the ASP looks to the Christian democratic movements in Europe and the Americas. [25]

The American Solidarity Party has been characterized as conservative on social issues while supporting government intervention in economic matters, making it communitarian. [11] [26]

Political stances

Social issues

The American Solidarity Party opposes abortion, euthanasia, and capital punishment on the basis of the sanctity of human life. It views the traditional family as being central to society. [14]

The American Solidarity Party advocates for a sympathetic approach to immigration. They believe in balancing the need for secure borders with a commitment to human dignity. This involves addressing the root causes of migration, such as the impact of the country's military, political, and economic power abroad. [14]

Economic issues

The American Solidarity Party supports a universal healthcare system as well as an economy containing widespread distribution of productive property, in particular increased worker ownership and management of their production. [27] [28] [29]

Foreign policy issues

The American Solidarity Party is non-interventionist in its foreign policy, using peace as its guiding principle. It supports foreign aid and nonviolent diplomacy, while opposing violent military action as a means to resolve conflicts. [14]

Electoral reform

The American Solidarity Party advocates for electoral reform, aiming to combat what they call a "political oligarchy" and gridlock. They propose proportional representation for the House of Representatives, endorse ranked-choice voting or approval voting in all elections, and support easy voter registration. The party also emphasizes fair access for independent candidates, access to impartial information, and pilot programs for electronic voting with consideration for security concerns. [14]

Influences

Daniel Silliman writes that the American Solidarity Party, as with other Christian-democratic political parties, draws from Catholic social teaching and Neo-Calvinist theology. [3] In the same vein, David McPherson says that the American Solidarity Party "affirm[s] ... the full spectrum of Catholic social teaching (namely, the teachings regarding the sanctity of human life, the common good, subsidiarity, religious freedom, solidarity, etc.)," contrasting the ASP to both the Republican Party and the Democratic Party, each of which recognizes only some of these items. [30] Its strongest support is in California and Texas, according to the Madera Tribune (of Madera, California). [25]

Elections

2016

Presidential election

During the 2016 presidential election season, the American Solidarity Party held an online convention on July 9, 2016, which nominated Amir Azarvan of Georgia for president and Mike Maturen of Michigan for vice-president. [31] [32] [33] [18] However, Azarvan subsequently withdrew, and in response the ticket was revised, with Maturen running for president and Juan Muñoz of Texas running for vice-president. [30] [25] [31] [34] [18]

For the 2016 election, the American Solidarity Party was listed on the ballot in Colorado. [35] It was a certified write-in option in Alabama, [36] California, [37] Georgia, [38] Iowa, [36] Kansas, [39] Kentucky, [40] Maryland, [41] Michigan, [42] Minnesota, New Hampshire, [36] New Jersey, [36] Ohio, [43] Oregon, [36] [44] Pennsylvania, [36] Rhode Island, [36] Texas, [45] Vermont, [36] and Washington. [46] Maturen received 6,697 reported votes, not including states that did not report votes for him. [47]

2017

For the November 2017 off-year elections, the American Solidarity Party ran a candidate for New Jersey legislature, Monica Sohler, in the 6th district. She received 821 votes. [48]

2018

Desmond Silveira, a software engineer, was a national committee member of the American Solidarity Party, served as the campaign manager for the Maturen-Muñoz 2016 campaign, the vice chair of the ASP, and the director of operations for the party. In 2018, he ran for governor, receiving 4,633 votes in the primary election. [49] [50] [note 1]

Brian T. Carroll ran against Devin Nunes for California's 22nd congressional district receiving 1,591 votes in the primary election. [51] [52] [note 1]

2020

Shane Ian Hoffman ran as the ASP's candidate in Ohio's 15th Congressional District. He did not make the ballot and was a write-in candidate. [53]

Presidential election

In the 2020 U.S. presidential election, Brian Carroll, Joe Schriner, and Joshua Perkins announced their candidacies for the ASP nomination. Carroll was declared the winner of the nomination on September 9, 2019. [54] [55]

For the 2020 election, the American Solidarity Party was on the ballot in Arkansas, [56] Colorado, [57] Guam, Illinois, [58] Louisiana, [59] Mississippi, [60] Rhode Island, [61] Vermont [62] and Wisconsin. [63]

It was a certified write-in option in Alabama, [64] Alaska, [65] California, [66] Connecticut, [67] Delaware, [68] Florida, [69] Georgia, [70] Idaho, Indiana, [71] Iowa, [64] Kansas, Kentucky, [72] Maryland, [73] Massachusetts, [74] Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, [64] New Jersey, [64] New York, North Dakota, Ohio, [75] [76] Oregon, Pennsylvania, [64] Tennessee, Texas, [77] Utah, [78] Virginia, [79] Washington, and Wyoming.

2021

Benjamin Schmitz ran for state senate in the Wisconsin 13th state senate district in the April 6th legislative special election. [80] Stephen Hollenberg ran for a state house seat in the Merrimack, New Hampshire special election on April 13, 2021. [81]

California gubernatorial recall election

Dr. James G Hanink was endorsed by the American Solidarity Party for the 2021 California gubernatorial recall election. [82] He hosts the Open Door podcast and is the president of the American Maritain Association. [83] [84] Dr. Hanink is a frequent contributor to the New Oxford Review and spent four decades dedicated to teaching at Loyola Marymount University and published papers in the areas of metaphysics, epistemology, and social thought. [85] [86] [87] [note 1] Hanink received 7,193 votes, 0.01% of all votes, an increase in both raw votes and percentage from Silveira's 2018 gubernatorial run. [88]

2022

Dr. James G. Hanink ran again for governor of California in 2022. [89] [90] He received 10,110 votes.

Dr. Mark A. Ruzon ran as a write-in candidate for U.S. Senate in California, [90] receiving 206 votes. [91]

Desmond A. Silveira ran as a write-in candidate for California Secretary of State, [90] receiving 235 votes. [92]

Erskine L. Levi ran for U.S. Congress as a write-in candidate in California's 31st congressional district, [90] receiving 17 votes. [93]

Dr. Jacqueline Abernathy ran for governor of Texas as a write-in candidate, [94] [95] receiving 1,326 votes. [96]

Solidarity National Committee member Dr. Tyler Martin ran for governor of Nebraska. [97] Nebraska does not report write-in votes separately. [98]

Oliver Black ran for U.S. Congress in Washington's 3rd congressional district, [99] [100] receiving 451 votes. [101]

The party endorsed Democratic candidate and And Campaign co-founder Pastor Chris Butler for U.S. Congress in Illinois's 1st congressional district. He was eliminated in the Democratic primary, receiving 3,707 votes. [102]

2024

Presidential election

On June 2, 2023, Peter Sonski won the nomination of the party for President of the United States. [103] [104] The primary was conducted by an online members' vote. The vice presidential nominee, Lauren Onak, was selected by Sonski before the national convention in early July in Plano, Texas, and she was formally nominated there. [105] The party was on the ballot in Arkansas, Alaska, Hawaii, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Ohio. [106] Additionally, the American Solidarity Party had approved write-in status in California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. [107]

U.S. Senate elections

California

Dr. Mark Ruzon ran for the 2024 United States Senate elections in California. [108] [109] Statewide polling indicated that he is an underdog in the race. [110] [111] In California's top-two system, all candidates regardless of party affiliation run together, and the top two proceed to the November election. On the Super Tuesday primary election, Ruzon received 13,429 votes, equal to 0.2%, placing 23rd out of 27 candidates on the ballot. [112]

Texas

Analisa Roche ran as a write-in candidate in the 2024 United States Senate election in Texas. She received 1,492 votes (0.01%).

U.S. House of Representatives District 31 in California

Erskine Levi Jr. ran for Congressional District 31 in California, [113] participating in a candidate forum to discuss housing, climate, war and peace. [114] He did not proceed past the first round of the blanket primary, placing 9th out of 10 candidates with 1,166 votes, or 1.2%. [112]

Other

Pennsylvania

Eric K. Anton received a ballot-line for the American Solidarity Party for the 2024 Pennsylvania Auditor General election. [115] However, his campaign was invisible, as he lacked any social media or online presence. [116] According to Anton's campaign finance he spent $0 on the race as all attempts to contact him by local Pennsylvania media was unsuccessful. [117] [118] However, public records show Anton as being a registered member of the party since 2017, served on its national committee, and is the party's state coordinator. [119] Anton won 20,967 votes (0.31%).

Presidential tickets

ElectionNameRunning MateCampaign
Announcement date		Votes
2024 Peter Sonski Portrait.jpg
Peter Sonski
Member Regional School District 17 board of education in Connecticut 		Lauren Onak Portrait.jpg
Lauren Onak
Community organizer, non-profit executive, and teacher in Massachusetts

Campaign: February 20, 2023 [120] Nomination: June 2, 2023 [103]
FEC Filing [121]

46,472 (#8)
0 EV
2020 Brian T. Carroll - head shot .75 aspect ratio.png
Brian Carroll
Teacher from California 		Amar Right Clean.jpg
Amar Patel
National Committee Chair of the American Solidarity Party from Illinois 		Carroll Patel 2020 Logo.svg
Campaign: April 2, 2019 [122]
Nomination: September 9, 2019
FEC Filing [123] 		42,305 (#10)
0 EV
2016 Mike Maturen
replacing Amir Azarvan
Salesperson from Michigan 		Juan Muñoz
replacing Mike Maturen
State Party Chair from Texas
FEC Filing [124] 		6,697 (#15)
0 EV

Presidential election ballot access and results

American Solidarity Party ballot access during the 2024 presidential election Certified for ballot Registered write-in Automatic write-in Not on ballot SonskiBallotAccess.svg
American Solidarity Party ballot access during the 2024 presidential election
  Certified for ballot
  Registered write-in
  Automatic write-in
  Not on ballot
ASP ballot status in 2020 On ballot Write-in Not on ballot Brian Carroll ballot access (2020).svg
ASP ballot status in 2020
  On ballot
  Write-in
  Not on ballot
ASP ballot status in 2016 On ballot Write-in Not on ballot Mike Maturen ballot access (2016) (1).svg
ASP ballot status in 2016
  On ballot
  Write-in
  Not on ballot
History of American Solidarity Party ballot access and presidential election results by state or territory
Year 2016 2020 2024
Party nominees Mike Maturen (president)
Juan Muñoz (vice president)		 Brian T. Carroll (president)
Amar Patel (vice president)		 Peter Sonski (president)
Lauren Onak (vice president)
States & D.C. ballot access
(write-in access)		1 (25)8 (31)7 (45)
Ballot access to electoral votes
(write-in access)		9 (323)66 (397)74 (480)
Alabama UnreportedUnreportedUnreported
Alaska UnreportedUnreported702 [125]
Arizona
Arkansas 1,713 [126] 2,141 [127]
California 1,316 [128] 2,605 [129] 2,924
Colorado 862 [130] 2,515 [131] 910
Connecticut 220 [132] 162
Delaware 87 [133] 98
District of Columbia
Florida 854 [134] 7,454 [135]
Georgia 151 [136] 756 [137] [a] 730
Guam (advisory)138 [139] 46 [140]
Hawaii 936 [141]
Idaho 35 [142] [b] 163 [143] 239
Illinois 9,548 [144] 1,391
Indiana 895 [145] 1,347 [146]
Iowa UnreportedUnreported195
Kansas 214 [147] 583 [148] [b] 569
Kentucky 155 [149] 408 [150] 611 [151]
Louisiana 2,497 [152] 2,240 [153]
Maine 65
Maryland 504 [154] 795 [155] 1,012
Massachusetts 164 [156] [c] 280
Michigan 517 [157] 963 [158] 1,212
Minnesota 244 [159] 1,037 [160] 882
Mississippi 1,161 [161] 1,007
Missouri 664 [162] 1,069
Montana
Nebraska UnreportedUnreportedUnreported
Nevada
New Hampshire Unreported79 [c] 159
New Jersey Unreported330 [163] [d] [b] 385
New Mexico
New York 409 [165] 892 [166] 1,544
North Carolina
North Dakota Unreported36 [167] [b]
Ohio 552 [168] 1,450 [169] 10,197 [170]
Oklahoma
Oregon UnreportedUnreported
Pennsylvania Unreported 1,164 [b] 829
Rhode Island 34 [171] 767 [172]
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee 762 [173]
Texas 1,401 [174] 3,207 [175] 3,780 [176]
Utah 368 [177] 441 [178]
Vermont 19 [179] 209 [180] 55
Virginia UnreportedUnreported32
Washington Unreported18 [e]
West Virginia 63
Wisconsin 284 [181] 5,259 [182] 647
Wyoming Unreported
Total6,69742,30546,472
Legend
Listed on ballot
Registered as write-in candidate
Write-in candidates allowed without registration
Not a candidate in the state/territory/district
  1. ↑ This table reflects the results certified by Fulton County which were released after those certified by the state for other counties. [138]
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 May have received write-in votes, which have not yet been reported by the state.
  3. 1 2 Compiled from results reported by local governments.
  4. ↑ Compiled from results reported by counties. [164]
  5. ↑ Skagit County was the only county to count write-in votes.

Notable party supporters

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 Because the American Solidarity Party did not have ballot access in California at the time of the election, the candidate was listed on the ballot as having "no party preference"

References

  1. ↑ "American Solidarity Party". American Solidarity Party. June 28, 2022. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
  2. ↑ "The American Commons".
  3. 1 2 3 Silliman, Daniel (June 22, 2020). "For Third-Party Christians, Some Things Are More Important Than Winning". Christianity Today . Retrieved January 19, 2022. As the American Solidarity candidate for president, Carroll wants to grow the party, which was founded in 2011 on Catholic social teaching and neo-Calvinist political theology.
  4. 1 2 3 Black, Susannah (August 15, 2016). "Mr. Maturen Goes to Washington". Front Porch Republic . Retrieved August 16, 2016. What's next may be hinted at by a 51 year old devout Catholic, businessman, and semi-professional magician named Mike Maturen, who recently accepted the presidential nomination of the American Solidarity Party, the only active Christian Democratic party in the nation.
  5. 1 2 3 "Christian Democracy". American Solidarity Party. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018. Christian Democracy is a political movement that first emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, influenced by Catholic social teaching starting with the papal encyclical Rerum Novarum by Pope Leo XIII, and by the Neo-Calvinist worldview as heralded by the Dutch Prime Minister, Abraham Kuyper. The strength of this ecumenical collaboration led to Christian Democratic parties coming to power in various countries of Europe, as well as in Latin America, where they emphasized several unique concepts that promoted the common good. The American Solidarity Party (ASP) identifies itself as a Christian Democratic political party.
  6. 1 2 "Did you know there's a third party based on Catholic teaching?". Catholic News Agency . October 12, 2016. Retrieved December 24, 2021. Politically, we would be considered center-right on social issues
  7. ↑ "New political party says its roots are in Catholic Social Teaching". November 26, 2018. Retrieved November 17, 2021. opportunities for socially conservative, economically progressive movements, and desired to get involved in such movements…and was glad to see that ASP was interested in applying such ways of thinking to contemporary issues.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Longenecker, Dwight (May 12, 2016). "Is It Time for a US Christian Democracy Party?". Aleteia. Retrieved July 4, 2016.
  9. ↑ "Elected Officials - American Solidarity Party". American Solidarity Party. Retrieved October 21, 2024.
  10. ↑ "About Us". American Solidarity Party. Archived from the original on July 19, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  11. 1 2 Padusniak, Chase (Winter 2015), "Why You Should Vote Third Party", Intercollegiate Review, Intercollegiate Studies Institute, archived from the original on August 21, 2016, retrieved July 21, 2016, For the socially-conservative American who thinks government intervention has some place in the economy, the American Solidarity Party might fit.
  12. ↑ "An Interview with David Frost and Kirk Morrison". Christian Democracy Magazine. Retrieved June 23, 2016.
  13. ↑ "New political party says its roots are in Catholic Social Teaching". November 26, 2018. Retrieved November 17, 2021. I was working on my doctoral dissertation largely concerning difficulties and opportunities for socially conservative, economically progressive movements, and desired to get involved in such movements ... and was glad to see that ASP was interested in applying such ways of thinking to contemporary issues.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 "Platform". American Solidarity Party. Retrieved April 12, 2018.
  15. ↑ "Christian Democracy". American Solidarity Party. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  16. 1 2 "Did you know there's a third party based on Catholic teaching?". Catholic News Agency . October 12, 2016. Retrieved January 1, 2020. We believe in the economic concept of distributism as taught by GK Chesterton and Hilaire Belloc.
  17. ↑ "Platform |". Archived from the original on June 10, 2021. Retrieved September 30, 2021.
  18. 1 2 3 Longenecker, Dwight (August 25, 2016), "This man says America's ready for a centrist Christian party", Crux, archived from the original on October 17, 2016, retrieved August 26, 2016
  19. ↑ Conley, John J. (September 8, 2016). "Confessions of a Solidarist". America Magazine. Retrieved May 17, 2017.
  20. ↑ Thomas, Sean C. (2023). "A Home for the Politically Homeless? The American Solidarity Party, Catholics, and Third Parties in U.S. Politics". Политикологија религије. XVII (2): 353–379. doi: 10.54561/prj1702353t . ISSN   1820-6581.
  21. ↑ Wood, Elizabeth (2012). "Christian Democratic Party- USA endorses Joe Schriner for President". Joe Schriner . Retrieved August 3, 2016. Roanoke, VA –independent presidential candidate "Average" Joe Schriner was proudly endorsed by the Christian Democrats (CDP-USA).
  22. ↑ Winger, Richard (December 3, 2020). "American Solidarity Party Joins Board of Coalition for Free & Open Elections (COFOE)". Ballot Access News. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  23. ↑ Monsma, Stephen V. (2012). Pluralism and Freedom: Faith-based Organizations in a Democratic Society. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 13. ISBN   9781442214309. This is the Christian Democratic tradition and the structural pluralist concepts that underlie it. The Roman Catholic social teaching of subsidiarity and its related concepts, as well as the parallel neo-Calvinist concept of sphere sovereignty, play major roles in structural pluralist thought.
  24. ↑ Witte, John (1993). Christianity and Democracy in Global Context. Westview Press. p. 9. ISBN   9780813318431.
  25. 1 2 3 Rieping, John (August 6, 2016), "New party boosted by election frustrations", The Madera Tribune, Madera, California , retrieved August 6, 2016
  26. ↑ O'Brien, Breda (September 17, 2016), "US struggles to find an honest candidate for president", The Irish Times , retrieved September 21, 2016
  27. ↑ Rosa, Michelle La (July 16, 2021). "The American Solidarity Party is growing. Can it succeed?". www.pillarcatholic.com. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
  28. ↑ "Solidarity? In America". The American Conservative. October 16, 2020. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
  29. ↑ "Patrick Harris The state of American solidarity SDP Talks". Social Democratic Party. March 28, 2021. Retrieved November 14, 2021– via YouTube.
  30. 1 2 McPherson, David (July 29, 2016), "The Politics of Solidarity: The Case for the American Solidarity Party", First Things , retrieved July 29, 2016
  31. 1 2 "Here's the (revised) ticket - American Solidarity Party in 2016", A Follower of Francis blog, July 13, 2016, retrieved August 6, 2016
  32. ↑ "Interview with Amir Azarvan", The Conservative Alternative blog, July 14, 2016, retrieved August 6, 2016
  33. ↑ "Interview with Mike Maturen", The Conservative Alternative blog, July 14, 2016, retrieved August 6, 2016
  34. ↑ "Magic Mike: 2016 voter angst brings attention to American Solidarity Party". Aleteia. August 5, 2016. Archived from the original on January 20, 2021. Retrieved August 5, 2016.
  35. ↑ "2016 General Election Candidate List" . Retrieved August 12, 2016.
  36. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Ballot access for presidential candidates". Ballotpedia. Retrieved September 26, 2016.
  37. ↑ "Essential Politics October archive". Los Angeles Times. November 2016.
  38. ↑ "Georgia 2016 General Election". The Green Papers. Retrieved September 26, 2016.
  39. ↑ "Office of the Kansas Secretary of State" (PDF).
  40. ↑ "Election Candidate Filings - President of the United States". Kentucky.gov. Archived from the original on September 30, 2016. Retrieved September 26, 2016.
  41. ↑ "2016 Candidate Listing". Maryland.gov. Retrieved September 26, 2016.
  42. ↑ "Michigan 2016 General Election". The Green Papers. Retrieved October 19, 2016.
  43. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on September 27, 2016. Retrieved September 29, 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  44. ↑ "Election Law Summary" (PDF). Oregon Secretary of State. Elections Division. p. 14. Retrieved October 19, 2016.
  45. ↑ "Fighting to get on the presidential ballot in Texas". The Star-Telegram. Retrieved September 26, 2016.
  46. ↑ "Official List of Write-In Candidates for the 2016 General Election" (PDF). Washington Secretary of State. Retrieved October 11, 2016.
  47. ↑ United States third-party and independent presidential candidates, 2016#Summary
  48. ↑ "Monica Sohler". Ballotpedia.
  49. ↑ Silveira, Desmond. "Desmond Silveira for Governor" . Retrieved January 29, 2018.
  50. ↑ "Statewide Direct Primary Election - Statement of the Vote, June 5, 2018" (PDF). California Secretary of State. Retrieved July 25, 2018.
  51. ↑ "Candidates Running for California's 22nd Congressional Share Views at Forum". February 16, 2018.
  52. ↑ "California Secretary of State" (PDF). elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov. Retrieved December 11, 2018.
  53. ↑ Collins, Steve (October 8, 2020). "Know your candidates: Ohio 15th Congressional District". Circleville Herald. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  54. ↑ "American Solidarity Party". Facebook. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
  55. ↑ "Party History". American Solidarity Party. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved July 28, 2020.
  56. ↑ "Candidate Information". Arkansas Secretary of State. Retrieved September 5, 2020.
  57. ↑ "2020 General Election Candidate List". Colorado Secretary of State. Retrieved September 5, 2020.
  58. ↑ "WEBSITE CANDIDATE LIST". ILLINOIS STATE BOARD OF ELECTIONS. Retrieved September 5, 2020.[ permanent dead link ]
  59. ↑ "Candidate List". Louisiana Secretary of State. Retrieved September 5, 2020.
  60. ↑ "Candidate Qualifying List" (PDF). Mississippi Secretary of State.
  61. ↑ "Candidates for INDEPENDENT PRESIDENTIAL ELECTOR". Rhode Island Secretary of State. Retrieved September 11, 2020.
  62. ↑ "Qualified Candidate Listing". Vermont Secretary of State.
  63. ↑ "Candidates on Ballot by Election" (PDF). Wisconsin Elections Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 18, 2020. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
  64. 1 2 3 4 5 "July 2016 Ballot Access News Print Edition". Ballot Access News. July 30, 2016. Retrieved September 5, 2020. States that allow write-ins in the general election, and don't have write-in filing laws, are legally obliged to count all write-ins: Alabama, Iowa, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, and Vermont.
  65. ↑ "Alaska Division of Elections- General Election Candidates". Alaska Division of Elections. Archived from the original on October 2, 2020. Retrieved August 28, 2020.
  66. ↑ "Certified List of Write-in Candidates" (PDF). California Secretary of State. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
  67. ↑ "Registered Write-in Candidates" (PDF). Connecticut Secretary of State. Retrieved October 23, 2020.
  68. ↑ "Declared Write-In Candidates by Office". State of Delaware · Department of Elections · Office of the State Election Commissioner. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
  69. ↑ "Candidate Listing for 2020 General Election". Florida Department of State. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
  70. ↑ "Qualifying Candidate Information". Georgia Secretary of State.
  71. ↑ "Candidate List - Abbreviated" (PDF). Indiana Secretary of State. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 28, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  72. ↑ "Candidate Filings with the Office of the Secretary of State". Kentucky Secretary of State. Archived from the original on October 11, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  73. ↑ "2020 Presidential General Election State Candidates List". Maryland State Board of Elections. Retrieved October 9, 2020.
  74. ↑ "Brian Carroll, ASP for President 2020". Facebook. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  75. ↑ "Candidate List - General Election" (PDF). Stark County Board of Elections. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 6, 2021. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
  76. ↑ "American Solidarity Party of Ohio". Facebook. Retrieved September 2, 2020.
  77. ↑ "Candidate Information". Texas Secretary of State. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
  78. ↑ "Brian Carroll, ASP for President 2020". Facebook. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
  79. ↑ "Write-in candidates for president/vice president" (PDF). Virginia Department of Elections. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  80. ↑ Higgins, Chris (January 8, 2021). "Special election scheduled to replace Scott Fitzgerald in State Senate". Daily Citizen. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
  81. ↑ Sexton, Adam (April 6, 2021). "Merrimack Special Election, WMUR News at 6". YouTube. WMUR. Retrieved April 8, 2021.
  82. ↑ "Dr. James G. Hanink Endorsed for Governor of California". American Solidarity Party of California. Retrieved August 23, 2021.
  83. ↑ Hanink, James. "The Open Door with Jim Hanink and Mario Ramos-Reyes". The Open Door. WCAT Radio. Archived from the original on May 2, 2021. Retrieved May 13, 2021.
  84. ↑ Hanink, James. "Membership Information". American Maritain Association. Retrieved May 13, 2021.
  85. ↑ Spielmann, Cristobal (May 6, 2021). "Former LMU professor runs for governor in recall election". The Los Angeles Loyolan. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
  86. ↑ "The Narthex". New Oxford Review. Retrieved May 13, 2021.
  87. ↑ "James G Hanink". Academia. Retrieved August 23, 2021.
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