List of presidential nominating conventions in the United States

Last updated

These lists are a companion to the Wikipedia article entitled United States presidential nominating convention.

Contents

Significant third-party conventions before 1860

Elec-
tion		PartyCityYearPresidential
nominee		Notes
1832 Anti-Masonic Baltimore, Maryland1831 William Wirt usually considered the first U.S. political party nominating convention
1836 Anti-MasonicPhiladelphia1836no candidate nominated
1840 Anti-MasonicPhiladelphia1838 William Henry Harrison (Whig)By 1840, Anti-Masons had been largely absorbed into the Whig Party
Liberty Albany, New York1840 James G. Birney first U.S. anti-slavery political party
1844 LibertyBuffalo, New York1843James G. Birney
Tyler Democratic Baltimore1844 John Tyler Nominated sitting President Tyler in May 1844 but Tyler withdrew from running in August 1844. [Also known as the National Democratic or Democratic Republican Party]
1848 Free Soil Utica & Buffalo,
New York		1848 Martin Van Buren united Liberty Party supporters with anti-slavery Democrats and Whigs
1852 Free Soil Pittsburgh 1852 John P. Hale Most Free-Soilers joined the Republican Party after its foundation in 1854.
1856 American Philadelphia1856 Millard Fillmore (Whig)The anti-immigrant American (or Know Nothing) Party endorsed Fillmore in February 1856, followed by the Whigs in September.

Major-party conventions

The two right-hand columns show nominations by notable conventions not shown elsewhere. Some of the nominees (e.g. the Whigs before 1860 and Theodore Roosevelt in 1912) received very large votes, while others who received less than 1% of the total national popular vote are listed to show historical continuity or transition. [For example, the Equal Rights Party convention of 1872 nominated the first national ticket to include either a woman (Victoria Woodhull) or an African-American (Frederick Douglass), although this ticket received no votes at all.]

Many important candidates are not shown here because they were never endorsed by a national party convention (e.g. William Henry Harrison in 1836, George C. Wallace in 1968, John B. Anderson in 1980 and Ross Perot in 1992); for a list by year of all notable candidates (at least one Elector or 0.1% of the popular vote), please see List of United States presidential candidates.

Note that there is no organizational continuity between the American Parties of 1856 and 1972, the Union Parties of 1860, 1864, 1888, 1900 and 1936, or the Progressive Parties of 1912–16, 1924 and 1948–52.

Presidential winner in bold.
People's [Middle of the Road] = "Middle of the Road" faction of the People's Party, who opposed fusing with the Democrats after 1896.
Elec-
tion		 Democratic
convention		Democratic
nominee		 Republican
convention		Republican
nominee		Other
conventions		Other
nominees
1832 Baltimore, Maryland Andrew Jackson
& Martin Van Buren 		Baltimore (National Republican, 1831) Henry Clay
& John Sergeant
1836 Baltimore (1835) Martin Van Buren
& Richard M. Johnson
1840 Baltimore Martin Van Buren
[no vice-presidential nominee]		 Harrisburg, Pennsylvania (Whig, 1839) William Henry Harrison
& John Tyler
1844 Baltimore James K. Polk
& George M. Dallas 		Baltimore (Whig) Henry Clay
& Theodore Frelinghuysen
1848 Baltimore Lewis Cass
& William O. Butler 		Philadelphia (Whig) Zachary Taylor
& Millard Fillmore
1852 Baltimore Franklin Pierce
& William R. King 		Baltimore (Whig) Winfield Scott
& William R. Graham
1856 Cincinnati James Buchanan
& John C. Breckinridge 		Philadelphia John C. Frémont
& William L. Dayton 		Baltimore (Whig) Millard Fillmore
& Andrew Donelson
1860 Baltimore
and
Charleston, South Carolina 		Stephen A. Douglas
& Herschel V. Johnson (Official);
John C. Breckinridge
& Joseph Lane (Southern)		 Chicago Abraham Lincoln
& Hannibal Hamlin 		Baltimore
(Constitutional Union)		 John Bell
& Edward Everett
1864 Chicago George B. McClellan
& George H. Pendleton 		Baltimore
(National Union)		Abraham Lincoln (Republican)
& Andrew Johnson (War Democrat}		Cleveland
(Radical Democracy)		John C. Frémont (Republican) — withdrew
& John Cochrane (War Democrat)
1868 New York City Horatio Seymour
& Francis P. Blair, Jr 		Chicago Ulysses S. Grant
& Schuyler Colfax
1872 Baltimore Horace Greeley
& B. Gratz Brown
(Liberal Republican)		 Philadelphia Ulysses S. Grant
& Henry Wilson 		Cincinnati, Ohio
(Liberal Republican)		 Horace Greeley
& B. Gratz Brown
Louisville, Kentucky
(Straight-Out Democratic)		 Charles O'Conor — declined
& John Quincy Adams II
New York (Equal Rights) [1] [2] Victoria Woodhull
& Frederick Douglass
1876 St. Louis Samuel J. Tilden & Thomas A. Hendricks Cincinnati Rutherford B. Hayes & William A. Wheeler Indianapolis (Greenback) Peter Cooper
& Samuel F. Cary
1880 Cincinnati Winfield S. Hancock & William H. English Chicago James A. Garfield & Chester Alan Arthur Chicago (Greenback) James B. Weaver
& Barzillai J. Chambers
1884 Chicago Grover Cleveland
& Thomas A. Hendricks 		Chicago James G. Blaine
& John A. Logan 		indianapolis (Greenback) Benjamin F. Butler
& Absolom M. West
1888 St. Louis Grover Cleveland
& Allen G. Thurman 		Chicago Benjamin Harrison
& Levi P. Morton 		Cincinnati (Union Labor) Alson Streeter
& Charles E. Cunningham
1892 Chicago Grover Cleveland& Adlai Stevenson I Minneapolis Benjamin Harrison
& Whitelaw Reid 		Omaha, Nebraska (People's)James B. Weaver
& James G. Field
1896 Chicago William Jennings Bryan
& Arthur Sewall 		St. Louis William McKinley & Garret Hobart St. Louis (People's) Wm J. Bryan (Dem.) & Thomas E. Watson (People's)
St. Louis (National Silver Party) Wm J. Bryan (Dem.) & Arthur Sewall (Dem.)
Indianapolis (National [Gold] Democratic) John M. Palmer & Simon Bolivar Buckner
1900 Kansas City William Jennings Bryan
& Adlai Stevenson I 		Philadelphia William McKinley
& Theodore Roosevelt 		Sioux Falls, South Dakota (People's)William Jennings Bryan (Dem.)
& Adlai Stevenson I
(Dem.)
Cincinnati
(People's [Middle of the Road] )		 Wharton Barker
& Ignatius Donnelly
Baltimore (Union Reform) Seth Ellis
& Samuel T. Nicholson
1904 St. Louis Alton B. Parker
& Henry G. Davis 		Chicago Theodore Roosevelt
& Charles W. Fairbanks 		Springfield Illinois
(People's [Middle of the Road] )		 Thomas E. Watson
& Thomas Tibbles
1908 Denver William Jennings Bryan
& John W. Kern 		Chicago William Howard Taft
& James S. Sherman 		St. Louis
(People's [Middle of the Road] )		 Thomas E. Watson
& Samuel Williams
Chicago (Independence) Thomas L. Hisgen
& John T. Graves
1912 Baltimore Woodrow Wilson
& Thomas R. Marshall 		Chicago William Howard Taft
& James S. Sherman		 Chicago (Progressive)Theodore Roosevelt
& Hiram Johnson
1916 St. Louis Woodrow Wilson
& Thomas R. Marshall		 Chicago Charles Evans Hughes Chicago (Progressive) [Theodore Roosevelt] — intended nomination declined beforehand
1920 San Francisco James M. Cox
& Franklin Roosevelt 		Chicago Warren G. Harding
& Calvin Coolidge 		Chicago (Farmer-Labor) Parley P. Christensen
& Max Hayes
1924 New York City John W. Davis
& Charles W. Bryan 		Cleveland Calvin Coolidge
& Charles Dawes 		Cincinnati (Progressive) Robert La Follette, Sr.
& Burton K. Wheeler
1928 Houston
(Texas) 		Al Smith
& Joseph T. Robinson 		Kansas City, Missouri Herbert Hoover
& Charles Curtis 		Chicago (Farmer-Labor) Frank E. Webb [3]
& Will Vereen
1932 Chicago Franklin Roosevelt
& John Nance Garner 		Chicago Herbert Hoover
& Charles Curtis 		Omaha (Farmer-Labor) Frank E. Webb
& Jacob S. Coxey Sr. [4]
1936 Philadelphia Franklin Roosevelt
& John Nance Garner 		Cleveland Alf Landon
& Frank Knox 		Cleveland (Union) William Lemke
& Thomas C. O'Brien
1940 Chicago Franklin Roosevelt
& Henry A. Wallace 		Philadelphia Wendell Willkie
& Charles McNary
1944 Chicago Franklin Roosevelt
& Harry Truman 		Chicago Thomas E. Dewey
& John Bricker
1948 Philadelphia Harry S. Truman
& Alben Barkley 		Philadelphia Thomas E. Dewey
& Earl Warren 		Philadelphia (Progressive) Henry A. Wallace
& Glen Taylor
Birmingham (States' Rights Democratic) Strom Thurmond
& Fielding Wright
1952 Chicago Adlai Stevenson II
& John Sparkman 		Chicago Dwight D. Eisenhower
& Richard Nixon 		Chicago (Progressive) Vincent Hallinan
& Charlotta Bass
1956 Chicago Adlai Stevenson II
& Estes Kefauver 		San Francisco Dwight D. Eisenhower
& Richard Nixon		Richmond, Virginia (States' Rights) T. Coleman Andrews
& Thomas Werdel
1960 Los Angeles John F. Kennedy
& Lyndon Johnson 		Chicago Richard Nixon
& Henry Cabot Lodge 		Dayton, Ohio (National States' Rights) Orval Faubus
& John G. Crommelin
1964 Atlantic City
(New Jersey) 		Lyndon B. Johnson
& Hubert Humphrey 		San Francisco Barry Goldwater
& William E. Miller
1968 Chicago Hubert Humphrey
& Edmund Muskie 		Miami Beach
(Florida) 		Richard Nixon
& Spiro Agnew 		Ann Arbor, Mich. (Peace & Freedom) Eldridge Cleaver
& Peggy Terry
1972 Miami Beach George McGovern
& Thomas Eagleton [5] 		Miami Beach Richard Nixon
& Spiro Agnew 		Louisville, Kentucky (American Party) John G. Schmitz
& Thomas J. Anderson
St Louis (People's Party) Benjamin Spock
& Julius Hobson
1976 New York City Jimmy Carter
& Walter Mondale 		Kansas City, Missouri Gerald Ford
& Robert Dole 		Chicago (American Independent Party) Lester Maddox
& William Dyke
Salt Lake City, Utah (American Party) Thomas J. Anderson
& Rufus Shackleford
1980 New York City Jimmy Carter
& Walter Mondale		 Detroit Ronald Reagan
& George H.W. Bush 		Cleveland (Citizens) Barry Commoner
& LaDonna Harris
1984 San Francisco Walter Mondale
& Geraldine Ferraro 		Dallas Ronald Reagan
& George H.W. Bush		 Saint Paul, Minnesota (Citizens) Sonia Johnson
& Richard J. Walton
1988 Atlanta Michael Dukakis
& Lloyd Bentsen 		New Orleans George H.W. Bush
& Dan Quayle
1992 New York City Bill Clinton
& Al Gore 		Houston
(Texas)) 		George H.W. Bush
& Dan Quayle		Washington, D.C. (Natural Law Party) John Hagelin
& Mike Tompkins
1996 Chicago Bill Clinton
& Al Gore		 San Diego Robert Dole
& Jack Kemp 		Long Beach & Valley Forge (Reform) Ross Perot
& Pat Choate
2000 Los Angeles Al Gore
& Joe Lieberman 		Philadelphia George W. Bush
& Dick Cheney 		Long Beach, California (Reform) Pat Buchanan
& Ezola Foster
2004 Boston John Kerry
& John Edwards 		New York City George W. Bush
& Dick Cheney		 Irving, Texas (Reform) [6] Ralph Nader (ind.)
& Peter Camejo (ind.)
2008 Denver
(Colorado) 		Barack Obama
& Joe Biden 		Saint Paul
(Minnesota) 		John McCain
& Sarah Palin
2012 Charlotte
(North Carolina) 		Barack Obama
& Joe Biden		 Tampa
(Florida) 		Mitt Romney
& Paul Ryan
2016 Philadelphia Hillary Clinton
& Tim Kaine 		Cleveland
(Ohio) 		Donald Trump
& Mike Pence
2020 Milwaukee
(Wisconsin) 		Joe Biden
& Kamala Harris 		Charlotte
(North Carolina) 		Donald Trump
& Mike Pence
2024 Chicago Kamala Harris
& Tim Walz 		Milwaukee Donald Trump
& J. D. Vance

Third-party conventions since 1872

Prohibition and socialist parties

The Prohibition Party was organized in 1869. At the 1896 Prohibition Party convention in Pittsburgh, the majority of delegates supported a "narrow-gauge" platform confined to the prohibition of alcohol, while a "broad-gauge" minority — who also wanted to advocate for Free Silver and other reforms — broke away to form the National Party.

The Socialist Party of America (1901–1972) resulted from a merger of the Social Democratic Party (founded 1898) with dissenting members of the Socialist Labor Party (founded 1876). The Socialist Party of America stopped running its own candidates for president after 1956, but a minority of SPA members who disagreed with this policy broke away in 1973 to form the Socialist Party USA (SPUSA).

Note that the years refer to the relevant presidential election and not necessarily to the date of a convention making a nomination for that election. Some nominating conventions meet in the year before an election.

Elec-
tion		 Prohibition Party conventionProhibition Party nominee Socialist Labor Party conventionSocialist Labor Party nominee Social Democratic or Socialist Party conventionSocial Democratic or Socialist Party nominee
1872 Columbus, Ohio James Black
1876 Cleveland Green Clay Smith
1880 Cleveland Neal Dow
1884 Pittsburgh John St. John
1888 Indianapolis Clinton B. Fisk
1892 Cincinnati John Bidwell New York City Simon Wing
1896 Pittsburgh (Prohibition Party) Joshua Levering New York City Charles Matchett
Pittsburgh (National Party) Charles Eugene Bentley
1900 Chicago John G. Woolley New York City Joseph F. Malloney Indianapolis (SDP) Eugene V. Debs
1904 Indianapolis Silas C. Swallow New York City Charles H. Corregan Chicago (SPA)Eugene V. Debs
1908 Columbus Eugene W. Chafin New York City August Gillhaus Chicago (SPA)Eugene V. Debs
1912 Atlantic City Eugene W. ChafinNew York City Arthur E. Reimer Indianapolis (SPA)Eugene V. Debs
1916 St. Paul J. Frank Hanly New York CityArthur E. Reimer(mail ballot)(Allan L. Benson)
1920 Lincoln, Nebraska Aaron Watkins New York City William Wesley Cox New York City (SPA)Eugene V. Debs
1924 Columbus Herman P. Faris New York City Frank T. Johns Cleveland (SPA) Robert La Follette, Sr. (Progressive)
1928 Chicago William F. Varney New York City Verne L. Reynolds New York City (SPA) Norman Thomas
1932 Indianapolis William D. Upshaw New York CityVerne L. Reynolds Milwaukee (SPA)Norman Thomas
1936 Niagara Falls, New York D. Leigh Colvin New York City John W. Aiken Cleveland (SPA)Norman Thomas
1940 Chicago Roger W. Babson New York CityJohn W. Aiken Washington, D.C. (SPA)Norman Thomas
1944 Indianapolis Claude A. Watson New York City Edward A. Teichert Reading (SPA)Norman Thomas
1948 Winona Lake, Indiana Claude A. WatsonNew York CityEdward A. TeichertReading (SPA)Norman Thomas
1952 Indianapolis Stuart Hamblen New York City Eric Hass Cleveland (SPA) Darlington Hoopes
1956 Milford, Indiana Enoch A. Holtwick New York CityEric HassChicago (SPA)Darlington Hoopes
1960 Winona Lake, 1959 Rutherford Decker New York CityEric Hass
1964 Chicago E. Harold Munn New York CityEric Hass
1968 Detroit E. Harold Munn Brooklyn Henning A. Blomen
1972 Wichita, Kansas E. Harold MunnDetroit Louis Fisher
1976 Wheat Ridge, Colorado Benjamin C. Bubar Southfield, Michigan Jules Levin Milwaukee (SPUSA) Frank P. Zeidler
1980 Birmingham Benjamin C. Bubar  Milwaukee (SPUSA) David McReynolds
1984 Mandan, North Dakota Earl Dodge   Milwaukee (SPUSA) Sonia Johnson (Citizens')
1988 Springfield, Illinois Earl Dodge  Milwaukee (SPUSA) Willa Kenoyer
1992 Minneapolis Earl Dodge  Chicago (SPUSA) J. Quinn Brisben
1996 Denver Earl Dodge   Cambridge (SPUSA 1995) Mary Cal Hollis
2000 Bird-in-Hand, Pennsylvania Earl Dodge  Milwaukee (SPUSA)David McReynolds
2004 Fairfield Glade, Tennessee Gene Amondson   Chicago (SPUSA) Walt Brown
2008 IndianapolisGene Amondson  St. Louis (SPUSA) Brian Moore
2012 Cullman, Alabama Jack Fellure    Los Angeles (SPUSA) Stewart Alexander
2016 (conference call)(James Hedges)   Milwaukee (SPUSA) Mimi Soltysik
2020 (conference call)(Phil Collins)   Newark (SPUSA 2019) Howie Hawkins (Green)
2024 Buffalo (2023)Michael Wood  (Zoom call, SPUSA, 2023)(Bill Stodden)

Workers', Communist and Socialist Workers parties

The Communist Party was formed by Leninists who had left the Socialist Party of America in 1919. The Socialist Workers Party was formed by Communists who followed Leon Trotsky rather than Joseph Stalin and briefly joined the Socialist Party before forming their own party in 1937.

Election Communist Party conventionCommunist nominee SWP convention Socialist Workers
Party nominee
1924 Chicago [Workers Party] William Z. Foster
1928 New York City
[Workers (Communist) Party]		William Z. Foster
1932ChicagoWilliam Z. Foster
1936New York City Earl Browder
1940New York CityEarl Browder
1944New York City
(Communist Political Association) 		no candidate nominated
1948New York City Henry A. Wallace (Progressive)New York City Farrell Dobbs
1952 Vincent Hallinan (Progressive)New York CityFarrell Dobbs
1956New York CityFarrell Dobbs
1960(Farrell Dobbs)
1964New York City Clifton DeBerry
1968New York City Charlene Mitchell New York City Fred Halstead
1972New York City Gus Hall Detroit Linda Jenness
1976ChicagoGus Hall(Peter Camejo)
1980 Detroit Gus Hall Oberlin, Ohio Andrew Pulley
1984 Cleveland, Ohio Gus HallNew York City Melvin T. Mason
1988New York City James Warren
1992ChicagoJames Warren

Libertarian, Green, and Constitution Parties

In 1999, the United States Taxpayers' Party changed its name to the Constitution Party.

The individual article about a Libertarian convention or about a Green Party convention after 1996 is linked to its respective city in the table below. Cities linked for Constitution and U.S. Taxpayers' Party conventions lead to individual sections of Constitution Party National Convention.

Elec-
tion		 Libertarian Party conventionLibertarian Party nominee Green Party conventionGreen Party nomineeU.S. Taxpayers' or Constitution Party conventionU.S. Taxpayers' or Constitution Party nominee
1972 Denver John Hospers
1976 New York Roger MacBride
1980 Los Angeles Ed Clark
1984 New York (1983) David Bergland
1988 Seattle (1987) Ron Paul
1992 Chicago (1991) André Marrou New Orleans (US Taxpayers') Howard Phillips
1996 Washington, D.C. Harry Browne Los Angeles Ralph Nader San Diego (US Taxpayers')Howard Phillips
2000 Anaheim Harry Browne Denver Ralph Nader St. Louis (Constitution, 1999)Howard Phillips
2004 Atlanta Michael Badnarik Milwaukee David Cobb Valley Forge, Pa. (Constitution) Michael Peroutka
2008 Denver Bob Barr Chicago Cynthia McKinney Kansas City (Constitution) Chuck Baldwin
2012 Las Vegas Gary Johnson Baltimore Jill Stein Nashville (Constitution) Virgil Goode
2016 Orlando Gary Johnson Houston Jill Stein Salt Lake City (Constitution)Darrell Castle
2020 (Online) (Jo Jorgensen) (Online) (Howie Hawkins) (Online) (Constitution)(Don Blankenship)
2024 Washington, D.C. Chase Oliver (Online) (Jill Stein) Salt Lake City (Constitution) Randall Terry

Location of the Party Convention in Relation to Election Winner

The list below shows the location of the party convention, along with the winner of the election. Bold font indicates that party won the presidential election. If the party won the state where the convention was held — but not necessarily that city itself — the box is shaded. (For example, while the 1948 Democratic, Progressive and Republican conventions were all held in Philadelphia, the city itself narrowly voted for Democratic President Harry Truman, while the state of Pennsylvania as a whole voted for the Republican candidate, Thomas Dewey. In this table the 1948 Republican box is shaded, but the Democratic one is not.) [7] . Other parties are only listed if they garnered electoral college votes. [8]

ElectionDemocratic ConventionRepublican ConventionOther Party Convention
1832 Baltimore, Maryland (Jackson) Baltimore, Maryland (National Republican, 1831)
1836 Baltimore, Maryland (1835)(Van Buren)
1840 Baltimore, Maryland Harrisburg, Pennsylvania (Whig, 1839)(WH Harrison)
1844 Baltimore, Maryland (Polk) Baltimore, Maryland (Whig)
1848 Baltimore, Maryland Baltimore, Maryland (Whig)(Taylor)
1852 Baltimore, Maryland (Pierce) Baltimore, Maryland (Whig)
1856 Cincinnati, Ohio (Buchanan) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Baltimore, Maryland (American)
1860 Charleston, South Carolina & Baltimore, Maryland [9] Chicago, Illinois (Lincoln) Baltimore, Maryland (Constitutional Union)
1864 Chicago, Illinois Baltimore, Mayland (National Union)(Lincoln)
1868 New York City Chicago, Illinois (Grant)
1872 Baltimore, Maryland Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Grant) Cincinnati. Ohio (Liberal Republican)
1876 St. Louis, Missouri Cincinnati, Ohio (Hayes)
1880 Cincinnati, Ohio Chicago, Illinois (Garfield)
1884 Chicago, Illinois (Cleveland) Chicago, Illinois
1888 St. Louis, Missouri Chicago, Illinois (B. Harrison)
1892 Chicago, Illinois (Cleveland) Minneapolis, Minnesota Omaha, Nebraska (People's)
1896 Chicago, Illinois St. Louis, Missouri (McKinley)St. Louis, Missouri (People's)
1900 Kansas City, Missouri Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (McKinley)
1904 St. Louis, Missouri Chicago, Illinois (T. Roosevelt)
1908 Denver, Colorado Chicago, Illinois (Taft)
1912 Baltimore, Maryland (Wilson) Chicago, Illinois Chicago, Illinois (Progressive)
1916 St. Louis, Missouri (Wilson) Chicago, Illinois
1920 San Francisco, CaliforniaChicago, Illinois(Harding)
1924New York City Cleveland, Ohio (Coolidge) Cincinnati, Ohio (Progressive)
1928 Houston, Texas Kansas City, Missouri (Hoover)
1932Chicago, Illinois(FDR)Chicago,Illinois
1936Philadelphia, Pennsylvania(FDR)Cleveland, Ohio
1940Chicago, Illinois(FDR)Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1944Chicago, Illinois(FDR)Chicago, Illinois
1948Philadelphia, Pennsylvania(Truman)Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Birmingham, Alabama (States' Rights Democratic)
1952Chicago, IllinoisChicago, Illinois(Ike)
1956Chicago, IllinoisSan Francisco, California(Ike)
1960 Los Angeles, California (JFK)Chicago, Illinois
1964 Atlantic City, New Jersey (LBJ)San Francisco, California
1968Chicago, Illinois Miami Beach, Florida (Nixon)
1972Miami Beach, FloridaMiami Beach, Florida(Nixon)
1976New York City(Carter)Kansas City, Missouri
1980New York City Detroit, Michigan {Reagan)
1984San Francisco, California Dallas, Texas {Reagan)
1988 Atlanta, Georgia New Orleans, Louisiana (GHW Bush)
1992New York City(Bill Clinton)Houston, Texas
1996Chicago, Illinois(Bill Clinton) San Diego, California
2000Los Angeles, CaliforniaPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania(GW Bush)
2004 Boston, Massachusetts New York City(GW Bush)
2008Denver, Colorado(Obama)Saint Paul, Minnesota
2012 Charlotte, North Carolina (Obama) Tampa, Florida
2016Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaCleveland, Ohio(Trump)
2020Milwaukee, Wisconsin(Biden)Charlotte, North Carolina
2024Chicago, IllinoisMilwaukee, Wisconsin(Trump)

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Woodhull & Claflin's Weekly Archives May 25, 1872 - Official Report of the Equal Rights Convention, Held in New York City, on the Ninth, Tenth and Eleventh of May 1872". victoria-woodhull.com. Archived from the original on 2021-11-30. Retrieved 2024-07-08.
  2. ↑ Epstein, Kayla (2019-09-11). "A woman who ran for president in 1872 was compared to Satan and locked up. It wasn't for her emails". The Washington Post. ISSN   0190-8286. Archived from the original on 2022-12-10. Retrieved 2024-07-08.
  3. ↑ The party had nominated George W. Norris for president, but Norris declined this nomination.
  4. ↑ After Webb later withdrew from the race, the party nominated Coxey for President in his stead and Julius J. Reiter for Vice President in Coxey's place.
  5. ↑ Sen. Eagleton later withdrew as the Democratic vice-presidential candidate, to be succeeded by Sargent Shriver
  6. ↑ "Reform Party Convention | August 28, 2004". C-SPAN. Archived from the original on July 9, 2024. Retrieved November 2, 2022.
  7. ↑ See 1948 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania
  8. ↑ "Historical Presidential Election Map Timeline". 270toWin.com. Archived from the original on 2020-02-11. Retrieved 2020-03-11.
  9. ↑ In 1860, Maryland and South Carolina both cast their Electoral votes for John C. Breckinridge, the Southern Democratic candidate nominated by the Charleston convention. South Carolina's Electors were chosen by her state legislature, rather than by popular vote — and while both the popular and Electoral votes of Maryland were also cast for Breckinridge, the Baltimore convention had nominated the Northern Democrat, Stephen Douglas.

Sources (partial list)

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