United States presidential elections in Arkansas

Last updated

Presidential elections in Arkansas
Arkansas in United States.svg
Number of elections47
Voted Democratic32
Voted Republican13
Voted other2 [a]
Voted for winning candidate28
Voted for losing candidate19

Arkansas is a state in the South Central region of the United States. [1] Since its admission to the Union in June 1836, it has participated in 46 United States presidential elections. In the realigning 1860 election, Arkansas was one of the ten slave states that did not provide ballot access to the Republican nominee, Abraham Lincoln. [2] Subsequently, John C. Breckinridge won the state by a comfortable margin, becoming the first third party candidate to win Arkansas. [3] Soon after this election, Arkansas seceded from the Union and joined the Confederacy. [4] Following the secession, Arkansas did not participate in the 1864 presidential election. [5] After the Civil War, Arkansas was readmitted to the Union in 1868. [6] In the 1872 election, all six of Arkansas's electoral votes were invalidated due to various irregularities including allegations of electoral fraud. [7]

Contents

Until 1964, Arkansas was considered a stronghold state for the Democratic Party, which usually carried the state by huge margins; however, recent political realignment has led to the dominance of the Republican Party. [8] In the 1968 presidential election, American Independent Party candidate George Wallace became the second third-party presidential candidate to win Arkansas. [9] Arkansas was the only state in the 1992 presidential election to be won by a majority of the popular vote; [10] Bill Clinton, its governor at the time, won Arkansas with 53.21 percent of the vote. [11] Since Clinton won re-election in 1996, however, the state has voted consistently for the Republican Party. [12]

Presidential elections

Key for parties
   American Independent Party – (AI)
   Constitution Party – (C)
   Constitutional Union Party – (CU)
   Democratic Party – (D)
   Dixiecrat Party – (DI)
   Farmer–Labor Party – (FL)
   Green Party – (G)
   Greenback Party – (GB)
   Independent candidate – (I)
   Know Nothing Party – (KN)
   Labor Party (19th century) – (L)
   Liberal Republican Party – (LR)
   Libertarian Party – (LI)
   National States' Rights Party – (NSR)
   Populist Party – (PO)
   Populist Party (1984) – (PO-1984)
   Progressive Party (1912) – (PR-1912)
   Progressive Party (1924) – (PR-1924)
   Prohibition Party – (PRO)
   Reform Party – (RE)
   Republican Party – (R)
   Socialist Party of America – (S)
   Southern Democratic Party – (SD)
   Whig Party – (W)
Note – A double dagger (‡) indicates the national winner.

1836 to 1856

Presidential elections in Arkansas from 1836 to 1856
YearWinnerRunner-upEVRef.
CandidateVotes%CandidateVotes%
1836 Martin Van Buren (D)‡2,380 Hugh Lawson White (W)1,3343
1840 Martin Van Buren (D)6,679 William Henry Harrison (W)‡5,1603
1844 James K. Polk (D)‡9,546 Henry Clay (W)5,6043
1848 Lewis Cass (D)9,301 Zachary Taylor (W)‡7,5873
1852 Franklin Pierce (D)‡12,173 Winfield Scott (W)7,4044
1856 James Buchanan (D)‡21,910 Millard Fillmore (KN)10,7324

1860 and 1864

The election of 1860 was a complex realigning election in which the breakdown of the previous two-party alignment culminated in four parties each competing for influence in different parts of the country. [30] The result of the election, with the victory of an ardent opponent of slavery, spurred the secession of eleven states and brought about the American Civil War. [31]

1860 Presidential election in Arkansas
YearWinnerRunner-upRunner-upRunner-upEVRef.
CandidateVotes
(%)		CandidateVotes
(%)		CandidateVotes
(%)		CandidateVotes
(%)
1860 John C. Breckinridge (SD)28,732
(		 John Bell (CU)20,063
(		 Stephen A. Douglas (D)5,357
(		 Abraham Lincoln (R)‡
– [b]
4
1864
Election was not conducted in Arkansas as it seceded from the Union to join the Confederacy.

1868 to present

Presidential elections in Arkansas from 1864 to present
YearWinnerRunner-upOther candidate [c] EVRef.
CandidateVotes%CandidateVotes%CandidateVotes%
Ulysses S. Grant (R)‡22,112 Horatio Seymour (D)19,078
–
–
–
5
Ulysses S. Grant (R)‡41,373 Horace Greeley (LR) [d] 37,927
–
–
–
– [e]
Samuel J. Tilden (D)58,086 Rutherford B. Hayes (R)‡38,649 Peter Cooper (GB)2116
Winfield Scott Hancock (D)60,489 James A. Garfield (R)‡41,661 James B. Weaver (GB)4,0796
Grover Cleveland (D)‡72,734 James G. Blaine (R)51,198 Benjamin F. Butler (GB)1,8477
Grover Cleveland 86,062 Benjamin Harrison (R)‡59,752 Alson J. Streeter (L)10,6307
Grover Cleveland (D)‡87,834 Benjamin Harrison (R)47,072 James B. Weaver (PO)11,8318
William Jennings Bryan (D)110,103 William McKinley (R)‡37,512 Joshua Levering (PRO)8898
William Jennings Bryan (D)81,242 William McKinley (R)‡44,800 Wharton Barker (PO)9728
Alton B. Parker (D)64,434 Theodore Roosevelt (R)‡46,760 Thomas E. Watson (PO)2,3189
William Jennings Bryan (D)87,020 William Howard Taft (R)‡56,684 Eugene Debs (S)5,8429
Woodrow Wilson (D)‡68,814 William Howard Taft (R)25,585 Theodore Roosevelt (PR-1912)21,6449
Woodrow Wilson (D)‡112,211 Charles Evans Hughes (R)48,879 Allan L. Benson (S)6,9999
James M. Cox (D)107,409 Warren G. Harding (R)‡71,117 Parley P. Christensen (FL)5,1119
John W. Davis (D)84,790 Calvin Coolidge (R)‡40,583 Robert M. La Follette (PR-1924)13,1679
Al Smith (D)119,196 Herbert Hoover (R)‡77,784 Norman Thomas (S)4299
Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)‡186,829 Herbert Hoover (R)27,466 Norman Thomas (S)1,1669
Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)‡146,765 Alf Landon (R)32,039 Norman Thomas (S)4469
Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)‡157,213 Wendell Willkie (R)42,121 Roger Babson (PRO)7939
Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)‡148,965 Thomas E. Dewey (R)63,551 Norman Thomas (S)4389
Harry S. Truman (D)‡149,659 Thomas E. Dewey (R)50,959 Strom Thurmond (DI)40,0689
Adlai Stevenson (D)226,300 Dwight D. Eisenhower (R)‡177,155 Stuart Hamblen (PRO)8868
Adlai Stevenson (D)213,277 Dwight D. Eisenhower (R)‡186,287 T. Coleman Andrews (C)7,0088
John F. Kennedy (D)‡215,049 Richard Nixon (R)184,508 Orval Faubus (NSR)28,9528
Lyndon B. Johnson (D)‡314,197 Barry Goldwater (R)243,264 John Kasper (NSR)2,9656
George Wallace (AI)240,982 Richard Nixon (R)‡190,759 Hubert Humphrey (D)188,2286
Richard Nixon (R)‡448,541 George McGovern (D)198,892 John G. Schmitz (AI)2,8876
Jimmy Carter (D)‡499,614 Gerald Ford (R)268,753 Eugene McCarthy (I)6476
Ronald Reagan (R)‡403,164 Jimmy Carter (D)398,041 John B. Anderson (I)22,4686
Ronald Reagan (R)‡534,774 Walter Mondale (D)338,646 David Bergland (LI)2,2216
George H. W. Bush (R)‡466,578 Michael Dukakis (D)349,237 David Duke (PO-1984)5,1466
Bill Clinton [f] (D)‡505,823 George H. W. Bush (R)337,324 Ross Perot (I)99,1326
Bill Clinton [f] (D)‡475,171 Bob Dole (R)325,416 Ross Perot (RE)69,8846
George W. Bush (R)‡472,940 Al Gore (D)422,768 Ralph Nader (G)13,4216
George W. Bush (R)‡572,898 John Kerry (D)469,953 Ralph Nader (I)6,1716
John McCain (R)638,017 Barack Obama (D)‡422,310 Ralph Nader (I)12,8826
Mitt Romney (R)647,744 Barack Obama (D)‡394,409 Gary Johnson (LI)16,2766
Donald Trump (R)‡684,872 Hillary Clinton (D)380,494 Gary Johnson (LI)29,8296
Donald Trump (R)760,647 Joe Biden (D)‡423,932 Jo Jorgensen (LI)13,1336
Donald Trump (R)‡759,241 Kamala Harris (D)396,905 Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (I)13,2556

Graph

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The Southern Democratic Party candidate John C. Breckinridge in 1860 and the American Independent Party candidate George Wallace in 1968
  2. ↑ Not on ballot
  3. ↑ For purposes of these lists, other candidates are defined as those who were in third place in Arkansas.
  4. ↑ Due to its strong desire to defeat incumbent president Ulysses S. Grant, the 1872 Democratic National Convention also nominated the Liberal Republican Party's Greeley/Brown ticket. [39]
  5. ↑ Election was held in Arkansas; however, due to various irregularities including allegations of electoral fraud, all 6 electoral votes from Arkansas were invalidated. [40]
  6. 1 2 Arkansas was the home state of Bill Clinton

References

  1. ↑ "The South". Encyclopedia Britannica . June 30, 2021. Archived from the original on July 11, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
  2. ↑ Burlingame, Michael (October 4, 2016). "Abraham Lincoln: Campaign and Elections". Miller Center. Archived from the original on November 21, 2016. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  3. 1 2 Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 764.
  4. ↑ "The Secession of Arkansas" . The New York Times . June 8, 1861. Archived from the original on September 24, 2018. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  5. 1 2 Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 765.
  6. ↑ "Reuniting the Union: A Chronology". Digital History. Archived from the original on July 13, 2021. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  7. ↑ "A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 – 1875". Journal of the Senate of the United States of America. 68: 344–345. February 12, 1873. Archived from the original on June 14, 2020. Retrieved July 11, 2021– via Library of Congress.
  8. ↑ Schreckhise, William D.; Parry, Janine A.; Schields, Todd G. (2001). "Rising Republicanism in Arkansas Electorate? A Characterization of Arkansas' Political Attitudes and Participation Rates" (PDF). The Midsouth Political Science Review. 5. The Arkansas Political Science Association: 1–16. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 17, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2021.
  9. ↑ Leip, David. "1968 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  10. 1 2 Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 797.
  11. ↑ Leip, David. "1992 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on May 1, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  12. ↑ Liep, Dave. "Presidential General Election Graph Comparison – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on July 11, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
  13. ↑ Leip, David. "1836 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on September 12, 2015. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  14. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 758.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 Burnham 1955, p. 254.
  16. ↑ Leip, David. "1840 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on September 12, 2015. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  17. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 759.
  18. 1 2 Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 89.
  19. ↑ Leip, David. "1844 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on September 12, 2015. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  20. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 760.
  21. ↑ Leip, David. "1848 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on September 12, 2015. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  22. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 761.
  23. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 90.
  24. ↑ Leip, David. "1852 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on September 14, 2015. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  25. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 762.
  26. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 91.
  27. ↑ Leip, David. "1856 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on February 27, 2018. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  28. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 763.
  29. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 92.
  30. ↑ Egerton, Douglas (2010). Year of Meteors: Stephen Douglas, Abraham Lincoln, and the Election That Brought on the Civil War . Bloomsbury Press. p. 19. ISBN   978-1-59691-619-7.
  31. ↑ Egerton, Douglas (2010). Year of Meteors: Stephen Douglas, Abraham Lincoln, and the Election That Brought on the Civil War . Bloomsbury Press. pp. 293–305. ISBN   978-1-59691-619-7.
  32. ↑ Leip, David. "1860 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on July 23, 2016. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  33. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 93.
  34. ↑ "The Secession of Arkansas" . The New York Times . June 8, 1861. Archived from the original on September 24, 2018. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  35. ↑ Leip, David. "1868 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  36. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 766.
  37. 1 2 3 Burnham 1955, p. 255.
  38. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 95.
  39. ↑ Official Proceedings of the National Democratic Convention – Held at Baltimore, July 9, 1872. Rockwell & Churchill. 1872. p. 66. ISBN   978-1-4255-0353-6. OL   20466806M.{{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  40. ↑ "A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 – 1875". Journal of the Senate of the United States of America. 68: 344–345. February 12, 1873. Archived from the original on June 14, 2020. Retrieved July 11, 2021– via Library of Congress.
  41. ↑ Leip, David. "1872 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on March 5, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  42. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 767.
  43. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 96.
  44. ↑ Leip, David. "1876 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on June 18, 2017. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  45. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 768.
  46. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 97.
  47. ↑ Leip, David. "1880 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on September 12, 2015. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  48. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 98.
  49. ↑ Leip, David. "1884 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on June 29, 2015. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  50. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 770.
  51. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 99.
  52. ↑ Leip, David. "1888 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on November 30, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  53. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 771.
  54. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 100.
  55. ↑ Leip, David. "1892 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on November 30, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  56. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 772.
  57. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 101.
  58. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 773.
  59. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 102.
  60. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 774.
  61. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 103.
  62. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 775.
  63. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 104.
  64. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 776.
  65. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 105.
  66. ↑ Leip, David. "1912 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on May 1, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  67. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 777.
  68. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 106.
  69. ↑ Leip, David. "1916 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on July 2, 2016. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  70. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 107.
  71. ↑ Leip, David. "1920 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on May 25, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  72. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 779.
  73. ↑ Leip, David. "1924 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on June 18, 2016. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  74. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 780.
  75. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 781.
  76. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 110.
  77. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 782.
  78. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 111.
  79. ↑ Leip, David. "1936 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on January 13, 2018. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  80. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 783.
  81. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 112.
  82. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 784.
  83. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 113.
  84. ↑ Leip, David. "1944 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on September 23, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  85. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 785.
  86. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 114.
  87. ↑ Leip, David. "1948 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on October 25, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  88. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 786.
  89. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 115.
  90. ↑ Leip, David. "1952 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  91. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 787.
  92. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 116.
  93. ↑ Leip, David. "1956 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on September 27, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  94. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 788.
  95. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 117.
  96. ↑ Leip, David. "1960 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  97. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 789.
  98. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 118.
  99. ↑ Leip, David. "1964 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on September 27, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  100. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 790.
  101. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 119.
  102. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 791.
  103. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 120.
  104. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 792.
  105. ↑ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 121.
  106. ↑ Riviere, Paul (1980). "1976 Arkansas Election – A Compilation of Primary Run-off & General Election Results for State & District Offices" (PDF). Secretary of State of Arkansas . p. 19. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  107. ↑ Leip, David. "1976 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on May 21, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  108. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 793.
  109. ↑ Riviere, Paul (1982). "1980 Arkansas Election – A Compilation of Primary Run-off & General Election Results for State & District Offices" (PDF). Secretary of State of Arkansas . p. 15. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  110. ↑ Leip, David. "1980 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on June 2, 2019. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  111. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 794.
  112. ↑ McCuen, W. J. "Bill" (1984). "Arkansas Election Result 1984" (PDF). Secretary of State of Arkansas . p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  113. ↑ Leip, David. "1984 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on March 4, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  114. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 795.
  115. ↑ McCuen, W. J. "Bill" (1988). "Arkansas Election Result 1988" (PDF). Secretary of State of Arkansas . p. 28. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 21, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  116. ↑ Leip, David. "1988 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on April 29, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  117. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 796.
  118. ↑ Leip, David. "1992 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on May 1, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  119. ↑ "1996 Official Ballot Result" (PDF). Secretary of State of Arkansas . p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 1, 2021. Retrieved August 1, 2021.
  120. ↑ "1996 Presidential Election Statistics". Dave Leip’s Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on January 26, 2018. Retrieved March 5, 2018.
  121. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 798.
  122. ↑ "Certified Election results" (PDF). Secretary of State of Arkansas . p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 1, 2021. Retrieved August 1, 2021.
  123. ↑ Leip, David. "2000 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on September 1, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  124. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 799.
  125. ↑ "Federal Elections 2004: Election Results for the U.S. President, the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives" (PDF). Federal Elections Commission. May 2005. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 6, 2017. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
  126. ↑ Leip, David. "2004 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on May 26, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  127. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 800.
  128. ↑ "Statewide Results by Contest". Secretary of State of Arkansas . December 2, 2008. Archived from the original on August 1, 2021. Retrieved August 1, 2021.
  129. ↑ "Official General Election Results for United States President" (PDF). Federal Election Commission . 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 5, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
  130. ↑ Leip, David. "2008 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on April 13, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  131. ↑ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 801.
  132. ↑ "2012 Presidential Electoral and Popular Vote" (PDF). Federal Election Commission . 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 31, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
  133. ↑ Leip, David. "2012 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on December 28, 2016. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  134. ↑ "2016 General Election and Non-Partisan Runoff Election – Official County Results". Secretary of State of Arkansas . Archived from the original on August 2, 2021. Retrieved August 1, 2021.
  135. ↑ "2016 Presidential Election – Electoral and Popular Vote" (PDF). Federal Election Commission . 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 2, 2019. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
  136. ↑ Leip, David. "2016 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on November 23, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  137. ↑ "Results". Secretary of State of Arkansas . February 23, 2021. Archived from the original on April 15, 2021. Retrieved August 1, 2021.
  138. ↑ "Official 2020 Presidential General Election Results" (PDF). Federal Election Commission . January 28, 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
  139. ↑ "Presidential Election Results: Biden Wins". The New York Times . November 3, 2020. Archived from the original on December 13, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
  140. ↑ Leip, David. "2020 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Archived from the original on February 4, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  141. ↑ "2024 General Election and Nonpartisan Judicial Runoff". Arkansas Secretary of State. Retrieved November 30, 2024.

Works cited

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