Electoral votes by state/federal district for the elections of 2012, 2016, and 2020, with apportionment changes between the 2000 and 2010 censuses
The following is a summary of the electoral vote changes between United States presidential elections. It summarizes the changes in the Electoral College vote by comparing United States presidential election results for a given year with those from the immediate preceding election. It tracks those states which changed their support between parties as well as changes resulting from other factors, such as reapportionment.[1][2]
Georgia(4) Kentucky(4) North Carolina(11)† Maryland(1)‡ Pennsylvania(14)↑ South Carolina(8) Virginia(20)↓
Though George Washington was officially non-partisan during his presidency, he was broadly sympathetic to the Federalist platform and was endorsed by both parties. *Washington received only 3 of Vermont's 4 electoral votes in the 1792 election. †Adams received only 1 of North Carolina's 12 electoral votes in the 1796 election. ‡Washington only received 8 of Maryland's 10 electoral votes in the 1792 election. In 1796, Adams received 7 of 10. ↑Adams received only 1 of Pennsylvania's 15 electoral votes in the 1796 election. ↓Adams received only 1 of Virginia's 21 electoral votes in the 1796 election.
*Jefferson received only 4 of Maryland's 10 electoral votes in the 1796 election. In 1800, he received 5 of 10. †Jefferson received only 20 of Virginia's 21 electoral votes in the 1796 election. ‡Jefferson received only 8 of North Carolina's 12 electoral votes in the 1800 election, as opposed to the 11 of 12 he received in 1796. ↑Jefferson received only 8 of Pennsylvania's 15 electoral votes in the 1800 election, as opposed to the 14 of 15 he received in 1796.
Maryland(3)* Massachusetts(19) New Hampshire(7) New Jersey(8) North Carolina(4)† Ohio(3) Pennsylvania(7)‡ Rhode Island(4) Vermont(6)
*Jefferson received only 5 of Maryland's 10 electoral votes in the 1800 election. In 1804, he received 9 of 11. †Jefferson received only 8 of North Carolina's 12 electoral votes in the 1800 election. ‡Jefferson received only 8 of Pennsylvania's 15 electoral votes in the 1800 election.
Kentucky(1)* Massachusetts(19) New Hampshire(7) New York(6)† North Carolina(3)‡ Rhode Island(4)
*Madison received only 7 of Kentucky's 8 electoral votes in the 1808 election. †Madison received only 13 of New York's 19 electoral votes in the 1808 election. ‡Madison received only 11 of North Carolina's 14 electoral votes in the 1808 election.
*Madison received only 7 of Kentucky's 8 electoral votes in the 1808 election. †Madison received only 11 of North Carolina's 14 electoral votes in the 1808 election. ‡Madison received only 9 of Maryland's 11 electoral votes in the 1808 election. In 1812, Madison received 6 out of 11. ↑Madison received only 7 of Ohio's 8 electoral votes in the 1812 election.
Indiana(3) Maryland(2)* New Hampshire(8) New Jersey(8) New York(29) Ohio(1)† Rhode Island (4)
*Madison received only 6 of Maryland's 11 electoral votes in the 1812 election. In 1816, Monroe received 8 out of 11 †Madison received only 7 of Ohio's 8 electoral votes in the 1812 election.
Connecticut(8) Delaware(1)* Illinois(1)† Louisiana(2)‡ Maryland(3)↑ Maine(9) Massachusetts(15) New Hampshire(7)↓ New York (26)# Rhode Island(4) Vermont(7)
Due to multiple candidates from the same party in the 1824 election (and the party being the only major party at the time), this chart only shows the electoral votes of the winning candidate, even though he did not receive a plurality of the electoral votes and the election was decided in the United States House of Representatives. *Adams received only 1 of Delaware's 3 electoral votes in the 1824 election. †Adams received only 1 of Illinois's 3 electoral votes in the 1824 election. ‡Adams received only 2 of Louisiana's 5 electoral votes in the 1824 election. ↑Adams received only 3 of Maryland's 11 electoral votes in the 1824 election. ↓Adams received only 1 of New Hampshire's 8 electoral votes in 1820 and all 8 in 1824. #Adams received only 26 of New York's 36 electoral votes in the 1824 election.
Georgia(9) Illinois(1)* Kentucky(14) Louisiana(2)† Maine(1)‡ Missouri(3) New York(19)↑ Ohio(16) Virginia(24)
Maryland(2)↓ New Jersey(8)
Due to multiple candidates from the same party in the 1824 election (and the party being the only major party at the time), this chart only shows the electoral votes changes of the winning candidate of 1828. *Jackson received only 2 of Illinois's 3 electoral votes in the 1824 election. †Jackson received only 3 of Louisiana's 5 electoral votes in the 1824 election. ‡Jackson received only 1 of Maine's 9 electoral votes in the 1828 election. ↑Jackson received 1 of New York's 36 electoral votes in 1824 and 20 of 26 in 1828. ↓Jackson received 7 of Maryland's 11 electoral votes in 1824 and 5 of 11 in 1828.
Maine(9)* New Hampshire(7) New Jersey(8) New York(22)†
Kentucky(15) Maryland(2)‡ South Carolina(11)
*Jackson received 1 of Maine's 9 electoral votes in 1828 and all 10 in 1832. †Jackson received 20 of New York's 36 electoral votes in 1828 and all 42 in 1832. ‡Jackson received 5 of Maryland's 11 electoral votes in 1828 and 3 of 11 in 1832.
California(8)* Illinois(24) Indiana(15) Michigan(5)† New York(36) North Dakota(1)‡ Ohio(1)↑ Wisconsin(12)
*Cleveland received only 8 of California's 9 electoral votes in the 1892 election. †Cleveland received only 5 of Michigan's 14 electoral votes in the 1892 election. ‡Cleveland received only 1 of North Dakota's 3 electoral votes in the 1892 election. ↑Cleveland received only 1 of Ohio's 23 electoral votes in the 1892 election.
California(7)* Connecticut(6) Delaware(3) Illinois(24) Indiana(15) Kentucky(12)† Maryland(8) Michigan(5)‡ New Jersey(10) New York(36) North Dakota(2)↑ Ohio(1)↓ Oregon(1)# West Virginia(6) Wisconsin(12)
Montana(3) Nebraska(8) South Dakota(4) Washington(4) Wyoming(3)
*Harrison received 1 of California's 9 electoral votes in 1892 vs. McKinley's 8 of 9 in 1896. †McKinley received only 12 of Kentucky's 13 electoral votes in the 1896 election. ‡Harrison received only 9 of Michigan's 14 electoral votes in the 1892 election. ↑Harrison received only 1 of North Dakota's 3 electoral votes in the 1892 election. ↓Harrison received only 22 of Ohio's 23 electoral votes in the 1892 election. #Harrison received only 3 of Oregon's 4 electoral votes in the 1892 election.
California(1)* Kansas(10) Nebraska(8) South Dakota(4) Utah(3) Washington(4) Wyoming(3)
Kentucky(12)†
*McKinley received only 8 of California's 9 electoral votes in the 1896 election. †McKinley received only 12 of Kentucky's 13 electoral votes in the 1896 election.
Connecticut(7) Delaware(3) Illinois(29) Indiana(15) Iowa(13) Maine(6) Massachusetts(18) New Jersey(14) New York(45) Oregon(5) Rhode Island(5) West Virginia(7)† Wisconsin(13)
*Wilson received only 2 out of California's 13 electoral votes in the 1912 election †Wilson received only 1 out of West Virginia's 8 electoral votes in the 1916 election
Alabama(11) Connecticut(8) Delaware(3) Louisiana(10) Maryland(8) Michigan(19) Mississippi(9) New Hampshire(4) New Jersey(16) New York(47) Oregon(6) Pennsylvania(35) South Carolina(8) Tennessee(1)*
*Truman received only 11 out of Tennessee's 12 electoral votes
*Dukakis received only 5 of West Virginia's 6 electoral votes in 1988, while 1 faithless elector voted for his running mate Lloyd Bentsen. Due to reapportionment, West Virginia had 5 electoral votes in 1992, all of which Clinton won
The Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides the procedure for electing the president and vice president. It replaced the procedure in Article II, Section 1, Clause 3, under which the Electoral College originally functioned. The amendment was proposed by Congress on December 9, 1803, and was ratified by the requisite three-fourths of state legislatures on June 15, 1804. The new rules took effect for the 1804 presidential election and have governed all subsequent presidential elections.
The Republican Party, known retroactively as the Democratic-Republican Party, was an American political party founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in the early 1790s. It championed liberalism, republicanism, individual liberty, equal rights, separation of church and state, freedom of religion, decentralization, free markets, free trade, and agrarianism. In foreign policy it was hostile to Great Britain and the Netherlands and in sympathy with the French Revolution and Napoleonic wars. The party became increasingly dominant after the 1800 elections as the opposing Federalist Party collapsed.
The 1792 presidential election were held in the United States from November 2 to December 5, 1792. Incumbent President George Washington was elected to a second term by a unanimous vote in the electoral college, while John Adams was reelected as vice president. Washington was essentially unopposed, but Adams faced a competitive re-election against Governor George Clinton of New York.
The 1796 presidential election were held in the United States from November 4 to December 7, 1796, when electors throughout the United States cast their ballots. It was the first contested American presidential election, the first presidential election in which political parties played a dominant role, and the only presidential election in which a president and vice president were elected from opposing tickets. Incumbent vice president John Adams of the Federalist Party defeated former secretary of state Thomas Jefferson of the Democratic-Republican Party.
Presidential elections were held in the United States from October 31 to December 3, 1800. In what is sometimes called the "Revolution of 1800", the Democratic-Republican Party candidate, Vice President Thomas Jefferson, defeated the Federalist Party candidate and incumbent, President John Adams. The election was a political realignment that ushered in a generation of Democratic-Republican leadership. This was the first presidential election in American history to be a rematch. It was also the first election in American history where an incumbent president did not win re-election.
Presidential elections were held in the United States from November 4 to December 7, 1808. The Democratic-Republican candidate James Madison defeated Federalist candidate Charles Cotesworth Pinckney decisively.
Presidential elections were held in the United States from October 26 to December 2, 1824. Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay and William Crawford were the primary contenders for the presidency. The result of the election was inconclusive, as no candidate won a majority of the electoral vote. In the election for vice president, John C. Calhoun was elected with a comfortable majority of the vote. Because none of the candidates for president garnered an electoral vote majority, the U.S. House of Representatives, under the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment, held a contingent election. On February 9, 1825, the House voted to elect John Quincy Adams as president, ultimately giving the election to him.
Presidential elections were held in the United States from October 31 to December 2, 1828. Just as in the 1824 election, President John Quincy Adams of the National Republican Party faced Andrew Jackson of the Democratic Party, making the election the second rematch in presidential history. Both parties were new organizations, and this was the first presidential election their nominees contested.
In the United States, the Electoral College is the group of presidential electors that is formed every four years during the presidential election for the sole purpose of voting for the president and vice president. The process is described in Article Two of the Constitution. The number of electoral votes exercised by each state is equal to that state's congressional delegation which is the number of Senators (two) plus the number of Representatives for that state. Each state appoints electors using legal procedures determined by its legislature. Federal office holders, including senators and representatives, cannot be electors. Additionally, the Twenty-third Amendment granted the federal District of Columbia three electors. A simple majority of electoral votes is required to elect the president and vice president. If no candidate achieves a majority, a contingent election is held by the House of Representatives, to elect the president, and by the Senate, to elect the vice president.
In the United States Electoral College, a faithless elector is generally a party representative who does not have faith in the election result within their region and instead votes for another person for one or both offices, or abstains from voting. As part of United States presidential elections, each state legislates the method by which its electors are to be selected. Many states require electors to have pledged to vote for the candidates of their party if appointed. The consequences of an elector voting in a way inconsistent with their pledge vary from state to state.
The congressional nominating caucus is the name for informal meetings in which American congressmen would agree on whom to nominate for the presidency and vice presidency from their political party.
The election of the president and for vice president of the United States is an indirect election in which citizens of the United States who are registered to vote in one of the fifty U.S. states or in Washington, D.C., cast ballots not directly for those offices, but instead for members of the Electoral College. These electors then cast direct votes, known as electoral votes, for president and for vice president. The candidate who receives an absolute majority of electoral votes is then elected to that office. If no candidate receives an absolute majority of the votes for president, the House of Representatives elects the president; likewise if no one receives an absolute majority of the votes for vice president, then the Senate elects the vice president.
The 1824 United States presidential election in Maryland took place between October 26 and December 2, 1824, as part of the 1824 United States presidential election. Voters chose 11 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.
In 1828, Andrew Jackson, who had lost the 1824 election in a runoff in the United States House of Representatives, despite winning both the popular vote and the electoral vote by significant margins, ran for President of the United States. He had been nominated by the Tennessee state legislature in 1825, and did not face any opposition from Democratic candidates. Jackson launched his campaign on January 8, 1828, with a major speech on the 13th anniversary of the Battle of New Orleans from 1815, thus marking the birth of the Democratic Party. Jackson accepted John C. Calhoun, incumbent vice president under John Quincy Adams, as his running mate.
In the United States, a contingent election is used to elect the president or vice president if no candidate receives a majority of the whole number of electors appointed. A presidential contingent election is decided by a special vote of the United States House of Representatives, while a vice-presidential contingent election is decided by a vote of the United States Senate. During a contingent election in the House, each state delegation votes en bloc to choose the president instead of representatives voting individually. Senators, by contrast, cast votes individually for vice president.
Electoral history of John Adams, who had served as the second president of the United States (1797–1801) and the first vice president of the United States (1789–1797). Prior to being president, he had diplomatic experience as the second United States envoy to France (1777–1779), the first United States minister to the Netherlands (1782–1788), and the first United States minister to the United Kingdom (1785–1788). After losing the 1800 presidential election to Thomas Jefferson, he would mostly retire from political life, with his second youngest son, John Quincy Adams (1767–1848), being elected as the sixth president of the United States (1825–1829) in the 1824 presidential election against Senator Andrew Jackson of Tennessee.
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