Transhumanist Party

Last updated
Transhumanist Party
Chairman Gennady Stolyarov II
Founder Zoltan Istvan
FoundedOctober 7, 2014;10 years ago (October 7, 2014) [1]
Ideology Transhumanism
Sentientism
Technogaianism
Techno-progressivism
Extropianism
Libertarianism
Big tent transhumanism [2]
International affiliationTranshumanist Party Global
Colors  Black   Orange
Slogan"Putting Science, Medicine, & Technology at the Forefront of American Politics"
Seats in the Senate
0 / 100
Seats in the House
0 / 435
Governorships
0 / 50
State Upper House Seats
0 / 1,972
State Lower House Seats
0 / 5,411
Territorial Governorships
0 / 5
Territorial Upper Chamber Seats
0 / 97
Territorial Lower Chamber Seats
0 / 91
Website
transhumanist-party.org

The Transhumanist Party is a political party in the United States. The party's platform is based on the ideas and principles of transhumanist politics, e.g., human enhancement, human rights, science, life extension, and technological progress. [3] [4] [5]

Contents

History

The Transhumanist Party was founded in 2014 by Zoltan Istvan. Istvan became the first political candidate to run for office under the banner of the Transhumanist Party when he announced his candidacy for President of the United States in the United States presidential election of 2016 [4] ; he did not have ballot access in any state and received 95 write-in votes from two states. [6] As part of his campaign Zoltan and a cadre of transhumanist activists and embedded journalists embarked on a four-month journey in the coffin-shaped Immortality Bus, which traveled on a winding cross-country route from San Francisco to Washington D.C. The Transhumanist Party has been featured or mentioned in many major media sites, including the National Review, [7] Business Insider, [8] Extreme Tech, Vice, [9] Wired, [10] The Telegraph, The Huffington Post, [4] The Joe Rogan Experience, [11] Heise Online, [12] Gizmodo, [13] and Reason. [14] Political scientist Roland Benedikter said the formation of the Transhumanist Party in the USA was one of three reasons transhumanism entered into the mainstream in 2014, creating "a new level of public visibility and potential impact." [15]

November 2016–2018

Following the end of the 2016 presidential election, after Zoltan's 2016 presidential campaign was completed, Gennady Stolyarov II became the Chairman of the party, and the organization was restructured. Under Chairman Stolyarov, the party adopted a new Constitution, [16] which included three immutable Core Ideals in Article I, Section I. [17]

New positions were founded, including Pavel Ilin became Secretary, Dinorah Delfin Director of Admissions and Public Relations, Arin Vahanian as Director of Marketing, Sean Singh as Director of Applied Innovation, Brent Reitze as Director of Publication, Franco Cortese as Director of Scholarship, and B.J. Murphy as Director of Social Media. [18] Restructured advisor positions included Zoltan Istvan as Political and Media Advisor, Bill Andrews as Biotechnology Advisor, Jose Cordeiro as Technology Advisor, Newton Lee as Education and Media Advisor, Keith Comito as Crowdfunding Advisor, Aubrey de Grey as Anti-Aging Advisor, Rich Lee as Biohacking Advisor, Katie King as Media Advisor, Ira Pastor as Regeneration Advisor, Giovanni Santostasi as Regeneration Advisor, Elizabeth Parrish as Advocacy Advisor, and Paul Spiegel as Legal Advisor.

The U.S. Transhumanist Party held six Platform votes during January, February, March, May, June, and November 2017, on the basis of which 82 Platform planks were adopted. [19] The U.S. Transhumanist Party holds votes of its members electronically and is the first political party in the United States to use ranked-preference voting method with instant runoffs in its internal ballots. [20]

In May 2018 the New York Times reported the U.S. Transhumanist Party as having 880 members. [21] On July 7, 2018, the U.S. Transhumanist Party reached 1,000 members and released a demographic analysis of its membership. This analysis showed that 704 members, or 70.4%, were eligible to vote in the United States, whereas 296 or 29.6% were allied members.

During this time, the Transhumanist Party hosted several expert discussion panels, on subjects including artificial intelligence, [22] life extension, [23] art and transhumanism, [24] and cryptocurrencies. [25] Chairman Stolyarov has also hosted in-person Enlightenment Salons, which were aimed at cross-disciplinary discussion of transhumanist and life-extensionist ideas under the auspices of the U.S. Transhumanist Party. [26] [27] [28]

On August 11, 2017, at the RAAD Fest 2017 conference in San Diego, California, Chairman Stolyarov gave an address entitled "The U.S. Transhumanist Party: Pursuing a Peaceful Political Revolution for Longevity", which provided an overview of the U.S. Transhumanist Party's key principles and objectives. [29]

2020 presidential campaign

The Transhumanist Party presidential primary attracted media attention from BioEdge [30] and the Milwaukee Record. [31] While some media outlets reported Zoltan Istvan was considering running again, [32] ultimately he did not join the party's primary. After a protracted primary process with nine candidates, featuring numerous debates, [33] Johannon Ben Zion was elected as the party's nominee. After winning the primary, Ben Zion gave his acceptance speech at RAAD Fest 2019 in Las Vegas. [34] and filed with the FEC. [35] Shortly thereafter, film producer, entrepreneur, and longevity organizer Charlie Kam became Ben Zion's running mate. On March 4, 2020, Ben Zion participated in the Free & Equal Elections Foundation's Open Presidential debate in Chicago, Illinois. [36] Zoltan Istvan also participated in the debate, running as a Republican. [37]

On June 12, 2020, it was announced that Ben Zion had left the Transhumanist Party, with him declaring that his belief in Techno-progressivism was incompatible with the party and that he would instead be pursuing a run for the Reform Party nomination. Kam was declared the replacement presidential nominee. [38] [39] In June 2020 Charlie Kam participated in a panel with London Futurists and in July 2020 his campaign received press coverage in the Daily Express . [40] On August 21, 2020, Kam announced his selection of Elizabeth (Liz) Parrish as his vice-presidential running mate. [41] Kam did not have ballot access or registered write-in status in any state.

2024 presidential campaign

The USTP's 2024 presidential candidate was Thomas Ernest Ross, Jr. Tom Ross won with 62.02% of the votes cast in the U.S. Transhumanist Party electronic primary held May 14–22, 2023. [42] After winning, Ross selected Daniel Twedt to be his vice-presidential running mate. [43] He did not have ballot access in any state.

Tom Ross's campaign had three major initiatives: the Earthling Initiative, the Artisanal Intelligence Initiative, and the Extraterrestrial Initiative. [44] To demonstrate his commitment to AI governance, Ross appointed an AI campaign manager early in his campaign.

Platform

A core tenet of the USTP platform is that more funding is needed for research into human life extension research and research to reduce existential risk. More generally, the goal is to raise awareness among the general public about how technologies can enhance the human species. [19] [45] Democratic transhumanists and libertarian transhumanists tend to be in disagreement over the role of government in society, but both agree that laws should not encumber technological human progress. [46]

The Transhumanist Party platform promotes national and global prosperity by sharing technologies and creating enterprises to lift people and nations out of poverty, war, and injustice. [47] [48] The Transhumanist Party also supports LGBT rights, drug legalization, and sex work legalization. The party seeks to fully subsidize university-level education while also working to "create a cultural mindset in America that embracing and producing radical technology and science is in the best interest of our nation and species." [4] [49]

In terms of foreign policy and national defense, the party wants to reduce the amount of money spent on foreign wars and use the money domestically. [3] The party also advocates managing and preparing for existential risks, eliminating dangerous diseases, and proactively guarding against abuses of technology, such as nanotechnology, synthetic viruses, and artificial intelligence. [3] [4]

The USTP expressly supports the rights of Artificial General Intelligence entities that are sentient and/or lucid. The Transhumanist Bill of Rights Version 3.0 recognizes 7 levels of sentience and requires entities to exist at level 5 or higher to be considered as having rights. At level 5, the main criterion is that the entity be "lucid", meaning the entity is "meta-aware", or aware of its own awareness. [50]

The various policy points of the US Transhumanist Party's platform have attracted both praise and criticism from sociologist Steve Fuller. For example, Fuller has praised the centrality of morphological freedom in the US Transhumanist Party's bill of rights, [51] but on the other hand he has also written that the party is too critical of the US Department of Defense, which he argues could be an ally for some transhumanist initiatives such as human enhancement and existential risk reduction. [52] In 2018 the party as a whole was reviewed favorably as an example of a successful "niche" party by Krisztian Szabados, a director at the Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics at Harvard University. [53]

State parties

Affiliate parties exist in the states of Arizona, California, Colorado, Illinois, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Nevada, New York, North Carolina, Texas, Virginia, Washington and Washington DC. [54]

International analogs

The Transhumanist Party in Europe is the umbrella organization that supports the national-level transhumanist parties in Europe by developing unified policies and goals for the continent. [55] [56] Among them is the UK Transhumanist Party, which was founded in January 2015. [57] [58] [59] In October 2015, Amon Twyman, the party's leader at the time, published a blog post distancing the UK party from Zoltan Istvan's campaign. [60]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Transhumanism</span> Philosophical movement

Transhumanism is a philosophical and intellectual movement that advocates the enhancement of the human condition by developing and making widely available new and future technologies that can greatly enhance longevity, cognition, and well-being.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">David Pearce (philosopher)</span> British transhumanist

David Pearce is a British transhumanist philosopher. He is the co-founder of the World Transhumanist Association, currently rebranded and incorporated as Humanity+. Pearce approaches ethical issues from a lexical negative utilitarian perspective.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Max More</span> English-American philosopher and futurist

Max More is a philosopher and futurist who writes, speaks, and consults on emerging technologies. He was the president and CEO of the Alcor Life Extension Foundation between 2010 and 2020.

The Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies (IEET) is a technoprogressive think tank that seeks to "promote ideas about how technological progress can increase freedom, happiness, and human flourishing in democratic societies." It was incorporated in the United States in 2004, as a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization, by philosopher Nick Bostrom and bioethicist James Hughes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Newton Lee</span> American computer scientist

Newton Lee is a computer scientist who is an author and administrator in the field of education and technology commercialization. He is known for his total information awareness book series.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Volcano boarding</span> Practice of sliding down the slopes of a volcanic mountain

Volcano boarding or volcano surfing is a sport performed on the slopes of a volcano. One of the most popular places for the activity is the Cerro Negro near Leon in western Nicaragua. Riders hike up the volcano and slide down, sitting or standing, on a thin plywood or metal board. The sport is also practiced on Mount Yasur on Tanna, Vanuatu; Mount Bromo in Indonesia; and very few other locations.

This article contains lists of official and potential third-party and independent candidates associated with the 2016 United States presidential election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zoltan Istvan</span> American writer, futurist, philosopher and transhumanist

Zoltan Istvan Gyurko, professionally known as Zoltan Istvan, is an American transhumanist, journalist, entrepreneur, political candidate, and futurist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gennady Stolyarov II</span> Belarusian-American writer

Gennady Stolyarov II is a Belarusian-American libertarian and transhumanist writer, actuary, and civil servant known for his book Death is Wrong. Stolyarov also leads two transhumanist political parties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gabriel Rothblatt</span> Technoprogressive political activist, writer and speaker

Gabriel Rothblatt is a technoprogressive political activist, a 2014 congressional candidate, and a writer and speaker in the futurist and transhumanist movements.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Transhumanist politics</span> Political ideologies based on Transhumanism

Transhumanist politics constitutes a group of political ideologies that generally express the belief in improving human individuals through science and technology. Specific topics include space migration, and cryogenic suspension. It is considered the opposing ideal to the concept of bioconservatism, as Transhumanist politics argue for the use of all technology to enhance human individuals.

<i>To Be a Machine</i> 2017 nonfiction book by Mark OConnell

To Be a Machine: Adventures Among Cyborgs, Utopians, Hackers, and the Futurists Solving the Modest Problem of Death is a 2017 nonfiction book by Slate columnist and literary journalist Mark O'Connell, his debut work. Published by Granta, the book is a breezy, but skeptical, gonzo-journalistic tour of transhumanism and radical life extension. It chronicles O'Connell's travels around the world to interview prominent transhumanists.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2020 Libertarian Party presidential primaries</span>

The 2020 Libertarian Party presidential primaries and caucuses were a series of electoral contests to indicate non-binding preferences for the Libertarian Party's presidential candidate in the 2020 United States presidential election. These differed from the Republican or Democratic presidential primaries and caucuses in that they do not appoint delegates to represent a candidate at the party's convention to select the party's presidential nominee.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">INSAM Institute for Contemporary Artistic Music</span>

INSAM Institute for Contemporary Artistic Music is Bosnian/international institute for interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research in contemporary music and new artistic paradigms. It is based in Sarajevo. It is the only institute for contemporary music and art research in Bosnia and Herzegovina. INSAM Institute was founded in January, 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2020 New Hampshire Republican presidential primary</span>

The 2020 New Hampshire Republican presidential primary took place on Tuesday, February 11, 2020, as the second nominating contest in the Republican Party presidential primaries for the 2020 presidential election, following the Iowa caucuses the week before. The New Hampshire primary is a semi-closed primary, meaning that only Republicans and independents may vote in this primary.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2020 Colorado Republican presidential primary</span>

The 2020 Colorado Republican presidential primary took place in the US state of Colorado on March 3, 2020.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2020 Oklahoma Republican presidential primary</span>

The 2020 Oklahoma Republican presidential primary took place on March 3, 2020, as one of fourteen contests scheduled for Super Tuesday in the Republican Party presidential primaries for the 2020 presidential election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Immortality Bus</span> 1978 Wanderlodge

The Immortality Bus is a 1978 Wanderlodge that has been made to appear as a 38-foot brown coffin.

<i>Immortality or Bust</i> 2021 documentary film by Barry Daniel Sollinger

Immortality or Bust is a 2019 feature documentary focusing on the 2016 U.S. presidential campaign of Transhumanist Party nominee Zoltan Istvan. Directed by Daniel Sollinger, it won two awards at film festivals - the Breakout Award at the 2019 Raw Science Film Festival and Best Biohacking Awareness Documentary at the GeekFest Toronto 2021. It is distributed by Gravitas Ventures.

The Transhumanist Bill of Rights is a crowdsourced document that conveys rights and laws to humans and all sapient entities while specifically targeting future scenarios of humanity. The original version was created by transhumanist US presidential candidate Zoltan Istvan and was posted by Zoltan on the wall of the United States Capitol building on December 14, 2015.

References

  1. ↑ MacFarlane, James Michael (2020). Transhumanism as a new social movement the techno-centred imagination. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-40090-3. ISBN   978-3-030-40089-7. S2CID   219474561.
  2. ↑ "The U.S. Transhumanist Party / Transhuman Party: the Last, Best Hope for Transhumanist Politics". The US Transhumanist Party. 26 January 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  3. 1 2 3 "Ebola and a Transhumanist US President". Psychology Today. October 26, 2014. Retrieved November 1, 2014.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Istvan, Zoltan (October 8, 2014). "Should a Transhumanist Run for US President?". Huffington Post. Retrieved November 1, 2014.
  5. ↑ John Hewitt (October 31, 2014). "An interview with Zoltan Istvan, leader of the Transhumanist Party and 2016 presidential contender". ExtremeTech . Retrieved February 12, 2015.
  6. ↑ "The Green Papers 2016 General Election Presidential Popular Vote and FEC Total Receipts by Party". Thegreenpapers.com. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
  7. ↑ Wesley J. Smith (March 3, 2015). "AI Computers Would Just be Machines". National Review. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
  8. ↑ Preetam Kaushik (February 26, 2015). "Transhumanism in India: Between faith and modernity". Business Insider India. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
  9. ↑ Zoltan Istvan (January 22, 2015). "The Transhumanist Party's Presidential Candidate On the Future of Politics". Motherboard. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
  10. ↑ Max Biederbeck (2014). "Wird der nächste US-Präsident ein Cyborg sein?". Wired. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
  11. ↑ "Joe Rogan Experience #584 – Zoltan Istvan". Joe Rogan Experience. Episode 584. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
  12. ↑ Roland Benedikter (January 11, 2015). "2014: Drei Schritte zum "Transhumanismus"". Heise online. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
  13. ↑ Zoltan Istvan (February 23, 2015). "Anti-Aging Experts Made a Million-Dollar Bet on Who Dies Last". Gizmodo. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
  14. ↑ Zach Weissmueller (February 6, 2015). "What If You Could Live for 10,000 years? Q&A with transhumanist Zoltan Istvan". Reason. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
  15. ↑ Roland Benedikter, Ph.D., Katja Siepmann and Annabella McIntosh (March 6, 2015). "The Age of Transhumanist Politics Has Begun: Will It Change Traditional Concepts of Left and Right? An Interview with Political Analyst Roland Benedikter". The Leftist Review. Retrieved March 7, 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. ↑ "Constitution of the United States Transhumanist Party – U.S. Transhumanist Party – Official Website" . Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  17. ↑ Stolyarov, Gennady (2019). "The United States Transhumanist Party and the Politics of Abundance". "The United States Transhumanist Party and the Politics of Abundance". In: Lee N. (eds) The Transhumanism Handbook. Springer International Publishing. pp. 89–149. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-16920-6_5. ISBN   978-3-030-16920-6. S2CID   239166316.
  18. ↑ "Leadership – U.S. Transhumanist Party – Official Website Archive.org snapshot from 16 January 2018". 16 January 2018. Archived from the original on 16 January 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  19. 1 2 "U.S. Transhumanist Party Platform – Organized by Subject – U.S. Transhumanist Party – Official Website" . Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  20. ↑ Stolyarov II, Gennady (25 November 2017). "U.S. Transhumanist Party Chairman's Anniversary Message". "We are the first political party in the United States to use ranked-preference voting on its internal ballots."
  21. ↑ Bromwich, Jonah Engel (19 May 2018). "Death of a Biohacker". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 November 2019. "Gennady Stolyarov II, the chairman of the United States Transhumanist Party, a political organization with close to 880 members that supports life extension through science and technology, had been corresponding with Mr. Traywick since November 2015."
  22. ↑ "U.S. Transhumanist Party Discussion Panel on Artificial Intelligence – January 8, 2017 – U.S. Transhumanist Party – Official Website". 8 January 2017. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  23. ↑ "U.S. Transhumanist Party Discussion Panel on Life Extension – February 18, 2017 – U.S. Transhumanist Party – Official Website". 18 February 2017. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  24. ↑ "U.S. Transhumanist Party Discussion Panel on Art and Transhumanism – U.S. Transhumanist Party – Official Website". 19 November 2017. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  25. ↑ "U.S. Transhumanist Party / Institute of Exponential Sciences Discussion Panel on Cryptocurrencies – U.S. Transhumanist Party – Official Website". 18 February 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  26. ↑ "Second Enlightenment Salon – Gennady Stolyarov II, Bill Andrews, Bobby Ridge, and Scott Jurgens Discuss the Convergence of Technological Advances – U.S. Transhumanist Party – Official Website". 12 November 2017. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  27. ↑ "Third Enlightenment Salon – Gennady Stolyarov II, Bill Andrews, Bobby Ridge, and Mihoko Sekido Discuss Science-Based Advocacy of Transhumanism and Healthy Living – U.S. Transhumanist Party – Official Website". 3 June 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  28. ↑ "Fourth Enlightenment Salon – Political Segment: Discussion on Artificial Intelligence in Politics, Voting Systems, and Democracy – U.S. Transhumanist Party – Official Website". 14 July 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  29. ↑ "The U.S. Transhumanist Party – Pursuing a Peaceful Political Revolution for Longevity". YouTube . 2 September 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
  30. ↑ "BioEdge: Transhuman in the race for Transhumanist Party leadership". BioEdge. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
  31. ↑ Krulos, Tea (19 September 2019). "Long live candidate Harris, Milwaukee's U.S. Transhumanist Party presidential hopeful". Milwaukee Record. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
  32. ↑ Bickerton, James (31 March 2019). "US Presidential hopeful issues SHOCK tech warning – 'Democracy might not survive'". Express.co.uk. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
  33. ↑ Pearlman, Alex (17 October 2019). "Would You Vote for a President Who Promised Eternal Life". Medium. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
  34. ↑ "U.S. Transhumanist Party 2019 Primary Election Results and Johannon Ben Zion Acceptance Speech". YouTube . Retrieved 29 November 2019.
  35. ↑ "FEC Form 2 : Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  36. ↑ "Free and Equal Presents Open Presidential Debate: 18 Candidates Confirmed March 4, 2020 2PM CST" . Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  37. ↑ Varine, Patrick (18 February 2020). "Lesser-known presidential candidate debate slated for March in Chicago | TribLIVE.com". triblive.com. Trib Live. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  38. ↑ Gennady Stolyarov II (June 11, 2020). "United States Transhumanist Party Announces Major Internal Reorganization and Launch Of The Charlie Kam 2020 U.S. Presidential Campaign". Transhumanist Party. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
  39. ↑ Saturn, William (June 15, 2020). "Reform Party Statement on Live Viewing of Presidential Candidate Q&A Sessions". Independent Political Report. Retrieved June 16, 2020.
  40. ↑ Bickerton, James (6 July 2020). "Trump challenged by radical presidential candidate hoping to REVERSE ageing". Express.co.uk. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  41. ↑ "Liz Parrish Becomes Vice-Presidential Nominee for Charlie Kam's 2020 U.S. Presidential Campaign – U.S. Transhumanist Party – Official Website". US Transhumanist Party. 22 August 2020. Retrieved 23 August 2020.
  42. ↑ Results of the 2023 Electronic Primary for the U.S. Transhumanist Party’s Endorsement for President of the United States
  43. ↑ U.S. Transhumanist Party 2023 Electronic Primary Results – Tom Ross Endorsed as Candidate for President of the United States, Daniel Twedt Selected as Candidate for Vice-President
  44. ↑ Tom Ross '24. Earthling Initiative Tom Ross '24. Artisanal Intelligence Initiative Tom Ross '24. Extraterrestrial Initiative
  45. ↑ "Zoltan Istvan is Running for USA President 2016 – as Transhumanist Party candidate". Brighter Brains. October 8, 2014. Archived from the original on 2015-01-06.
  46. ↑ Bailey, Ronald (2009-04-28). "Transhumanism and the Limits of Democracy". Reason . Archived from the original on 2018-01-17.
  47. ↑ John G. Messerly (October 20, 2014). "The Transhumanist Party: Could It Change Our Future?". Humanity+. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  48. ↑ Xavier Symons (December 13, 2014). "A transhumanist in conversation". Bioedge. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  49. ↑ "The Transhumanist Party: Could It Change Our Political Future?". The Meaning of Life. October 16, 2014. Retrieved November 1, 2014.
  50. ↑ "Transhumanist Bill of Rights – Version 3.0 – U.S. Transhumanist Party – Official Website" . Retrieved 2021-04-08.
  51. ↑ Fuller, Steve (19 December 2016). "Morphological Freedom and the Question of Responsibility and Representation in Transhumanism". Confero: Essays on Education, Philosophy and Politics. 4 (2): 33–45. doi: 10.3384/confero.2001-4562.161206 .
  52. ↑ Fuller, Steve (6 June 2017). "Philosopher's Corner: Does This Pro-science Party Deserve Our Votes? | Issues in Science and Technology". Issues in Science and Technology. 33 (3). Retrieved 7 December 2019.
  53. ↑ Szabados, Krisztian (2018). "Transhumanist Parties as Niche Parties". Journal of Posthuman Studies. 2 (2): 213–237. doi:10.5325/jpoststud.2.2.0007. JSTOR   10.5325/jpoststud.2.2.0007. S2CID   169466706.
  54. ↑ "State Parties and Allied Organizations – U.S. Transhumanist Party – Official Website".
  55. ↑ The Transhumanist Party Wants You!, Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, 12 January 2015, retrieved 14 January 2015
  56. ↑ Amon Twyman (30 December 2014), Humanity+ UK & the (European) Transhumanist Party, Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies , retrieved 6 February 2015
  57. ↑ Gian Volpicelli (14 January 2015), Transhumanists Are Writing Their Own Manifesto for the UK General Election, Vice
  58. ↑ Amon Twyman (16 January 2015), Candidate wanted for UK Transhumanist Party, Wavism, retrieved 6 February 2014
  59. ↑ Transhumanist Party Manifesto, Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, 5 January 2015, retrieved 14 January 2015
  60. ↑ Twyman, Dr M. Amon (12 October 2015). "Zoltan Istvan does not speak for the Transhumanist Party". Transhumanist Party. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.