This article lists political parties in Puerto Rico.
Puerto Rico has a 'first past the post' electoral system, in which a voter can vote by party, by candidate or both. To qualify as an official political party (and thus be able to appear on the printed state electoral ballot), a party must meet the criteria set forth by the Puerto Rico Electoral Law.
This list sorts political parties either alphabetically or by date of founding.
As of 2020, Puerto Rico has five registered electoral parties:
Party | Initials | Current leader | Ideology | Political position | Senate | House | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Popular Democratic Party Partido Popular Democrático | PPD | Jesús Manuel Ortiz | Pro-Commonwealth Liberalism [1] Social liberalism [2] | Center | 12 / 27 | 26 / 51 | ||
New Progressive Party Partido Nuevo Progresista | PNP | Jenniffer González | Puerto Rico statehood | Center to centre-right | 10 / 27 | 21 / 51 | ||
Citizens' Victory Movement Movimiento Victoria Ciudadana | MVC | Ana Irma Rivera Lassén | Progressivism Social democracy [4] | Left-wing | 2 / 27 | 2 / 51 | ||
Puerto Rican Independence Party Partido Independentista Puertorriqueño | PIP | Rubén Berríos | Left-wing nationalism Social democracy | Center-left | 1 / 27 | 1 / 51 | ||
Project Dignity Proyecto Dignidad | PD | Javier Jiménez | Christian democracy | Center-right to right-wing | 1 / 27 | 1 / 51 |
The existing parties in Puerto Rico at the time of change of sovereignty in 1898 reinvented themselves into parties with by-laws, platforms and ideologies consistent with the new political reality brought about by the change of sovereignty. The Barbosistas, followers of Jose Celso Barbosa and mostly aligned with Partido Autonomista Ortodoxo, formed the Partido Republicano Puertorriqueño , while the Muñocistas, followers of Luis Muñoz Rivera and mostly aligned with Partido Liberal Puertorriqueño, formed Partido Federal . [11]
Name (in English) | Name (in Spanish) | Abbreviation | Ideology | Existed |
---|---|---|---|---|
Federal Party | Partido Federal | - | Pro-autonomy | 1899–1900s [12] |
Puerto Rican Republican Party | Partido Republicano Puertorriqueño | - | Pro-statehood | 1899–1924 [13] |
Labor Party | Partido Socialista de Puerto Rico | PSPR | Socialism, Pro-statehood | 1899–1915 |
Union Party | Partido Unión | - | Pro-independence | 1900s – 1930s |
Socialist Party | Partido Obrero | PO | Socialism | 1915–1950s |
Nationalist Party of Puerto Rico | Partido Nacionalista de Puerto Rico | PNPR | Pro-independence | 1920s–present |
Puerto Rican Alliance | Alianza Puertorriqueña | AP | Centrism | 1924–1932 |
Coalition | Coalición | - | Pro-statehood | 1924–1940 |
Republican Union | Unión Republicana | - | Pro-statehood | 1930s–1960s |
Puerto Rican Communist Party | Partido Comunista Puertorriqueño | PCP | Marxism–Leninism, pro-independence | 1930s–1990s |
Liberal Party of Puerto Rico | Partido Liberal de Puerto Rico | - | Pro-independence | 1932–1948 |
Puerto Rican Reformist Party | Partido Reformista Puertorriqueño | PRP | - | 1948 |
Transparent, Authentic and Complete Liberal Party | Partido Liberal Neto, Auténtico y Completo | - | - | 1937–1948 |
Republican Statehood Party | Partido Estadista Republicano | PER | Pro-statehood | 1956–1968 |
Christian Action Party | Partido Acción Cristiana | PAC | Christian politics | 1960s |
People's Party | Partido del Pueblo | PP | - | 1960s–1970s |
Puerto Rican Union Party | Partido Unión Puertorriqueña | PUP | - | 1969–1972 |
Puerto Rican Socialist Party | Partido Socialista Puertorriqueño | PSP | Socialism, pro-independence | 1970s–1990s |
Puerto Rican Renewal Party | Partido Renovación Puertorriqueña | PRP | Pro-statehood | 1983–1987 |
Puerto Ricans for Puerto Rico Party | Partido Puertorriqueños Por Puerto Rico | PPPR | Green politics | 2007–2012 |
Sovereign Union Movement | Movimiento Unión Soberanista | MUS | Pro-independence | 2012 |
Working People's Party | Partido del Pueblo Trabajador | PPT | Left-wing populism, Democratic socialism | 2012–2016 |
There were no political parties in Puerto Rico until 1870. [14] Bolivar Pagan states the following were the political parties in Puerto Rico during the years of Spanish sovereignty. [lower-alpha 1] [15]
Name (in English) | Name (in Spanish) | Leader | Platform / Ideology | Existed |
---|---|---|---|---|
Unconditional Spanish Party | Partido Incondicional Español | Jose Ramon Fernandez | Conservative | 1870–1898 [16] |
Liberal Reformist Party | Partido Liberal Reformista | Pedro Geronimo Goyco | Liberal | 1870–1898 |
Puerto Rican Autonomist Party | Partido Autonomista Puertorriqueño | R. B de Castro. Later, Celso Barbosa and Muñoz Rivera [lower-alpha 2] | Regional Autonomy | 1887–1898 [17] |
Orthodox Autonomist Party (aka, "Pure and Radical Party") | Partido Autonomista Ortodoxo (aka, Partido Puro y Radical) [18] | Jose Celso Barbosa | Regional Autonomy | 1897–1899 |
Puerto Rican Liberal Party | Partido Liberal Puertorriqueño | Luis Muñoz Rivera | Autonomy via pact with Spain's Liberal Party | 1897–1899 |
A number of unregistered political parties and organizations exist in Puerto Rico outside of the electoral arena. These organizations span the entire political spectrum:
Unlike the political parties listed above, which are eligible for registration with the Comisión Estatal de Elecciones (CEE) upon fulfilling CEE requirements, the following parties exist as affiliates of American parties and participate in the U.S. primaries of the corresponding American parties at the federal level. Also, unlike the Puerto Rican political parties above, all of which are based in Puerto Rico, these parties are headquartered in mainland United States.
The Puerto Rican Socialist Party was a Marxist and pro-independence political party in Puerto Rico seeking the end of United States of America control on the Hispanic and Caribbean island of Puerto Rico. It proposed a "democratic workers' republic".
Bolívar Pagán Lucca was a Puerto Rican historian, journalist, and politician.
The Union of Puerto Rico, also known as the Unionist Party, was a major political party in Puerto Rico in the early 20th century. The Union of Puerto Rico was known as the dominant political party of the island from 1904 to 1932. UPR founder Luis Muñoz Rivera also founded La Democracia, which effectively acted as the UPR publication. On 19 February 1904, the Union of Puerto Rico party became the first mass party to advocate for independence for Puerto Rico in the form of a sovereign nation.
Partido Republicano Puertorriqueño was a political party founded in Puerto Rico on July 4, 1899. The party dissolved in 1924 when it split into two factions, both factions forming alliances with other local parties. It was led by Dr. José Celso Barbosa.
The Republican Union was a pro-statehood political party in Puerto Rico, that also contemplated total autonomy in the case that U.S. statehood was denied. Its president was Rafael Martínez Nadal. It existed from 1932 to 1940. Together with the Socialist Party, it was part of an electoral alliance known as Coalition.
The Federal Party was a short-lived political party in Puerto Rico.
The Partido Estadista Republicano was a political party in Puerto Rico that operated from 1956 to 1968. Its president was Miguel A. García Méndez. The party formed in 1952 after Partido Estadista Puertorriqueño became "Partido Estadista Republicano". It dissolved in 1968 after a split in the party forced it to fold, giving way to Partido Nuevo Progresista.
Partido Liberal Neto, Auténtico y Completo was a political party in Puerto Rico from 1937 to 1948.
The Puerto Rican Autonomist Party was a political party in Puerto Rico founded in 1887. The Party was founded in Ponce, Puerto Rico, and its first chairman was Román Baldorioty de Castro. He was followed by Martin Corchado, a prominent physician from Ponce. Juan Hernández López was one of the co-authors of its program in 1897.
The Liberal Reformist Party was a political party in Puerto Rico founded by Pedro Gerónimo Goyco, José Julián Acosta and Roman Baldorioty de Castro in 1870. It was the first political party ever to be established in Puerto Rico.
Pedro Juan Rosaly Capó was Mayor of Ponce, Puerto Rico from 23 December 1900 until 28 February 1901.
The Unconditional Spanish Party was a loyalist conservative political party in Puerto Rico during Spanish colonial times. It was founded in November 1870 as the Partido Liberal Conservador, later changing its name to Partido Incondicional Español in 1873. The party favored traditionalist assimilation into the political party system of Spain. It purchased the newspaper Boletín Mercantil to serve as the party's official organ for disseminating its conservative views. Most of its members belonged to the Puerto Rican Volunteers Corps.
Ramón Genaro Barrios Sánchez was one of three Constitutional Convention of Puerto Rico members representing the Puerto Rico Socialist Party, a non-Marxist Leninist political organization active in Puerto Rico until the early 1950s.
Carlos Cabrera y Martínez was interim Mayor of Ponce, Puerto Rico, from 1 November 1866 to 19 December 1866. He was interim mayor, together with Francisco Romero, and both performed as interim corregidors until Colonel Enrique O'Neil became the appointed corregidor on 20 December 1866 for the remainder of that year and into 1867.
The Republican Party of Puerto Rico is the local affiliate of the national United States Republican Party in Puerto Rico. The affiliation started in 1903. The party does not participate in the November elections mandated by the Constitution of Puerto Rico for local registered political parties because it is not a registered party in Puerto Rico for local electoral purposes. Instead, the party holds its own elections to select the Puerto Rico delegates to the Republican National Convention and holds presidential primaries on the last Sunday of February.
Partido Republicano Puro, also known as Partido Constitucional Histórico, was a political party that existed in Puerto Rico from 1924 to 1932. The party's main goal was the annexation of Puerto Rico into the American Union as a state. It resulted from a split of Partido Republicano de Puerto Rico on May 4, 1924. Its president was Rafael Martínez Nadal. The party dissolved in 1932 when it joined members of the conservative end of the Alianza Puertorriqueña to form Partido Unión Republicana.
Partido Estadista Puertorriqueño [1948 - 1952] was a political party in Puerto Rico that existed from 1948 to 1952. The party resulted when Partido Unión Republicana Progresista ceased to exist in 1948, renaming itself as "Partido Estadista Puertorriqueño." Its president was Celestino Iriarte. Partido Estadista Puertorriqueño dissolved in 1952 when, once again, it changed names "to return to its roots" and renamed itself as Partido Estadista Republicano, the party founded by Jose Celso Barbosa in 1899.
Historia de los Partidos Políticos Puertorriqueños (1898–1956) is Bolívar Pagán's 1959 flagship two-volume set on Puerto Rico's political parties. It covers political parties in the years since the American invasion of 1898 through the year 1956.
The Puerto Rican Reformist Party was a short-lived Puerto Rican political party. The Puerto Rican Reformist Party was founded in 1948 after the Liberal Party decided to rename themselves.