Libertarian Party of Virginia

Last updated
Libertarian Party of Virginia
Founded1974 (first iteration)
2022 (second iteration)
Headquarters14401 Nickel Ln., #203,
Richmond, VA 23114
Ideology Libertarianism
National affiliation Libertarian Party
Colorsa shade of blue, gold
Virginia Senate
0 / 40
Virginia House of Delegates
0 / 100
U.S. Senate (Virginia)
0 / 2
U.S. House of Representatives (Virginia)
0 / 11
Other elected officials0 (June 2024) [1]
Website
lpofva.com

The Libertarian Party of Virginia (LPVA) is the Virginia affiliate of the Libertarian Party. The party was originally founded in 1974 and was dissolved by the State Central Committee on September 11, 2022. [2] Subsequently, the Virginia Libertarians quickly recreated the Libertarian Party of Virginia and received the recognition of the Libertarian National Committee. Some of the disaffected former Libertarians went on to create a new party, the Liberty Party (now known as the Classical Liberal Party of Virginia) [3] – a party affiliated with the Association of Liberty State Parties. [4]

Contents

Ballot laws

Ballot access laws

Virginia has one of the most restrictive ballot access laws in the United States. [5] [6]

According to the Code of Virginia subsection 24.2-101, without "major party" status for automatic ballot access in Virginia, the LPVA has had to gather petition signatures to get on the ballot. The requirement for statewide elections, such as the U.S. Senate, is 10,000 signatures, including at least 400 from each of Virginia's 11 congressional districts. [7] However, after the Virginia Republican presidential primary in 2012, Virginia lawmakers reduced the 10,000 signature requirement for presidential candidates by half. [8] Now, according to Code of Virginia § 24.2-543, a petition to put a third-party or independent candidate on the ballot for U.S. President "shall be signed by at least 5,000 qualified voters and include signatures of at least 200 qualified voters from each congressional district." [9] Thus, this revision makes it easier for presidential candidates to obtain ballot access; yet, the law still remains as a barrier to entry for minor party candidates.

For the party to gain automatic ballot access as a major party, one of its nominated candidates must receive 10% of the vote in a statewide race. [10] To obtain the signatures necessary to receive statewide ballot access in Virginia, it has been quoted to cost between $45,000 to $90,000. [11] Should the LPVA meet the ten percent threshold, career journalist James Bacon noted: "Sparing the Libertarian Party the expense of petitioning to get its candidates on the ballot would allow it to husband its resources to help candidates campaign... That would be huge." [12]

Ballot access litigation

The Libertarian Party of Virginia has, on multiple occasions, taken legal action over Virginia's ballot access laws. [10] [13] [14]

Libertarian Party of Virginia v. Judd

In 2013, the ACLU supported the Libertarian Party of Virginia and contended that the Libertarians would suffer "irreparable harm" given Virginia's ballot access laws. [10]

In Libertarian Party of Virginia vs. Judd , the LPVA won the case regarding state residency requirements for petition circulators per the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit on May 29, 2013. It was the first time a minor party had won a constitutional election law case in the Fourth Circuit since 1989 and 1988. [15] [16] In response to the Fourth Circuit's ruling, the State of Virginia via former Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli [17] as well as several other states, like Oklahoma, [18] submitted petitions to the Supreme Court of the United States asking to reverse the Fourth Circuit's decision. [19] On December 2, 2013, the petitions against the Fourth Circuit's ruling were denied by the Supreme Court, and so the Libertarian Party of Virginia won the case regarding state residency requirements for petition circulators. [10] [20]

Sarvis v. Judd

In July 2014, The Rutherford Institute supported the Libertarian Party of Virginia and alleged Virginia ballot laws favored "the election chances of Democrat and Republican candidates at the expense of Libertarian Party and independent candidates." [21]

In Sarvis vs. Judd [22] a lawsuit was filed on behalf of the Libertarian Party of Virginia, several Libertarian Party candidates and an independent (non-party) candidate for public office in the November 2014 general election. The lawsuit challenged the Virginia State Board of Elections and the laws which require minor-party candidates to gather signatures on petitions to achieve ballot access as well as the laws which require minor-party and independent candidates' names to be placed below those of major-party candidates on the ballot. [23] [24]

Notable Virginia Libertarians

Office holders

The LPVA has and has had members elected and appointed to varying positions of government. These have included positions for: town councils; soil and water conservation committees; budget advisory committees; community leadership institutes; buildings, roads and grounds committees; and school boards. [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [ excessive detail? ]

Elections

1999 state elections

In 1999, Timothy Belton ran in the 65th district and got 22.8 percent of the vote. John Girardeau ran in the 72nd district and got 17.1 percent.

2000 presidential election

In the 2000 presidential election, the Libertarian nominee was Harry Browne, who gathered the requisite signatures to appear on the ballot in the general election. Browne received 0.6% of the vote in Virginia. In the 8th Congressional district, Ron Crickenberger received 1.3% of the vote for Representative. In the 11th Congressional district, Robert K. McBride received 2.0% of the vote for Representative.

United States presidential election in Virginia, 2000 [31]
PartyCandidateRunning mateVotesPercentageElectoral votes
Republican George W. Bush Dick Cheney 1,437,49052.5%13
Democratic Al Gore Joe Lieberman 1,217,29044.4%0
Green Ralph Nader Winona LaDuke 59,3982.2%0
Libertarian Harry Browne Art Olivier 15,1980.6%0
Reform Pat Buchanan Ezola Foster 5,4550.2%0
Constitution Howard Phillips Curtis Frazier1,8090.1%0
Write-insWrite-ins-2,8070.1%0
Totals2,739,447100%13
Voter turnout—

2001 gubernatorial election

Bill Redpath ran for Governor against Mark Warner (D) and Mark Earley (R) receiving 0.8% of the vote. [32] Gary Reams ran for Lieutenant Governor. [33]

Virginia gubernatorial election, 2001 [32]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Democratic Mark Warner 984,177 52.2% +9.6%
Republican Mark Earley 887,23447.0%−8.8%
Libertarian Bill Redpath 14,4970.8%
Write-ins8130%
Majority96,9435.1%−8.1%
Turnout 1,886,721
Democratic gain from Republican Swing
House of Delegates

Bill Peabody ran in the 39th district and got 0.9% of the vote. Micah Gray ran in the 41st district and got 15.9% of the vote. Christine Austen ran in 47th district and got 2.8% of the vote. Jim Simpson ran in the 51st district and got 2.3% of the vote. John H. Girardeau III ran in the 65th district and got 2.0% of the vote. Robert Stermer ran in the 96th district and got 1.0% of the vote.

Also in 2001, ACLU lawyers represented four Libertarian candidates (Redpath, Reams, Belton, and Girardeau) seeking to be listed on the ballot as Libertarians rather than independents. Joining them as plaintiffs in their federal lawsuit were two Virginia voters, John Buckley and Shelley Tamres.[ citation needed ]

2002 midterm election

Libertarian Ron Crickenberger ran as an independent in the 8th Congressional district, although he was referred to by the media, by the LPVA website, and by his own campaign website as a Libertarian candidate. He received 2.7% of the vote.

2004 presidential election

In the 2004 presidential election, the Libertarian nominee was Michael Badnarik, who received 0.4% of the vote in Virginia.

United States presidential election in Virginia, 2004 [34]
PartyCandidateRunning mateVotesPercentageElectoral votes
Republican George W. Bush (inc.) Dick Cheney 1,716,95953.7%13
Democratic John Kerry John Edwards 1,454,74245.5%0
Libertarian Michael Badnarik Richard Campagna 11,0320.4%0
Constitution Michael Peroutka Chuck Baldwin 10,1610.3%0
Independent (Write-in) Ralph Nader (Write-in) Peter Camejo 2,3930.1%0
Green (Write-in) David Cobb (Write-in) Pat LaMarche 1040%0
Write-ins-240%0
Totals3,195,415100%13
Voter turnout (voting age population)57.2%—

2005 state election

House of Delegates

Donald Ferguson ran in the 36th district and got 20.1% of the vote. Scott McPherson ran in the 37th district and got 1.5% of the vote. Charles Eby, Jr. ran in the 67th district and got 2.4% of the vote. Matthew Martin ran in the 73rd district and got 27.1% of the vote.

2006 midterm elections

Wilbur N. Wood III appeared on the ballot in Virginia's 10th congressional district, receiving 0.9% of the vote. [35]

Virginia's 10th congressional district election, 2006
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Frank Wolf (inc.) 138,213 57.3
Democratic Judy Feder98,76941.0
Libertarian Wilbur N. Wood III2,1070.9
Independent Neeraj C. Nigam1,8510.8
Write-ins194nil
Total votes241,134 100
Republican hold

2007 state elections

Senate of Virginia

Don Tabor ran in the 14th district and got 28.8% of the vote.

2008 elections

In the 2008 presidential election, the Libertarian nominee was Bob Barr, who gathered the requisite signatures to appear on the ballot in the general election. Barr received 0.3% of the vote in Virginia. [36] Bill Redpath was the party nominee for U.S. Senate, and he appeared on the ballot receiving 0.6% of the vote. [37] In the 1st congressional district, Libertarian nominee Nathan Larson appeared on the ballot and received 1.5% of the vote. [38] He was expelled from the party in 2017.

United States presidential election in Virginia, 2008 [39]
PartyCandidateRunning mateVotesPercentageElectoral votes
Democratic Barack Obama Joe Biden 1,959,53252.6%13
Republican John McCain Sarah Palin 1,725,00546.3%0
Independent Ralph Nader Matt Gonzalez 11,4830.310
Libertarian Bob Barr Wayne Allyn Root 11,0670.3%0
Constitution Chuck Baldwin Darrell Castle7,4740.2%0
Green Cynthia McKinney Rosa Clemente 2,3440.1%0
Write-insWrite-ins6,3550.2%0
Totals3,723,260100%13
Voter turnout (voting age population)65.1%

2009 state elections

Matt Cholko ran in the 39th district and got 3.2% of the vote.

2010 midterm elections

Libertarian candidates appeared on the ballot in four U.S. House of Representatives elections in Virginia: James Quigley (3rd District), Stuart Bain (6th District), Bill Redpath (10th District), and David Dotson (11th District). Party candidates received a combined total of 23,681 votes (1.1%) statewide. (15,309 of those votes were from Bain, who received 9.2% in his district because there was no Democratic candidate running against Republican incumbent Bob Goodlatte. [40] )

United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia, 2010 [41]
PartyVotesPercentageSeats beforeSeats after+/–
Republican 1,186,09854.1%58+3
Democratic 911,11641.6%63-3
Independents 42,0021.9%000
Libertarian 23,6811.1%000
Independent Greens 21,3741.0%000
Write-In 5,5700.3%000
Totals2,189,841100%1111—

2011 state elections

Senate of Virginia

Don Tabor ran in the 14th district and got 28.8% of the vote.

House of Delegates

Michael Kane ran in the 41st district and got 31.3% of the vote. Glenn McGuire ran in the 95th district and got 22.7% of the vote.

2012 presidential election

Libertarian presidential nominee Gary Johnson received over 30,000 votes or approximately 0.8% of the vote in Virginia. [42]

United States presidential election in Virginia, 2012
PartyCandidateRunning mateVotesPercentageElectoral votes
Democratic Barack Obama (incumbent) Joe Biden 1,971,82051.2%13
Republican Mitt Romney Paul Ryan 1,822,52247.3%0
Libertarian Gary Johnson Jim Gray 31,2160.8%0
Constitution Virgil Goode Jim Clymer13,0580.3%0
Green Jill Stein Cheri Honkala 8,6270.2%0
Write-insWrite-ins7,2460.2%0
Totals3,854,489100%13

2013 state elections

House of Delegates

Six candidates ran for various seats in the Virginia House of Delegates. Jonathan Parrish earned 22.3% in the 23rd district. [43] Patrick Hagerty obtained 3.4% in the 33rd district. Laura Delhomme garnered 22.9% of the vote in the 47th district. Anthony Tellez had 4.2% for the 53rd district. Christopher Sullivan received 5.6% in the 55th district, and Dan Foster obtained 3.7% in the 78th district. In total, there were over 15,000 votes cast for Libertarian candidates running for the Virginia House of Delegates in 2013. [44]

Gubernatorial

Robert Sarvis, the Libertarian gubernatorial nominee, [45] became the fourth minor party nominee in forty years to get on the Virginia ballot. [46] [47] On election day, Sarvis obtained 146,084 votes, or approximately 6.5% of the total vote cast, a number nearly three times the size of McAuliffe's victory margin over Cuccinelli and nearly five times better than Libertarian presidential candidate Gary Johnson from the year before. [48] [49] Sarvis' performance was the best performance among any Libertarian running for Governor of Virginia, among the top three strongest among any Libertarian candidate running in a state gubernatorial election, and the best performance for a third party gubernatorial candidate in the U.S. South in nearly 40 years. [50] [51]

Virginia gubernatorial election, 2013 [52]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Democratic Terry McAuliffe 1,069,859 47.8% +6.5%
Republican Ken Cuccinelli 1,013,35545.2%−13.4%
Libertarian Robert Sarvis 146,0846.5%+6.5%
Write-ins11,0910.5%
Plurality56,5042.5%−14.9%
Turnout 2,240,379100%
Democratic gain from Republican Swing

2014 midterm elections

U.S. Senate
United States Senate election in Virginia, 2014 [53]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Democratic Mark Warner (inc.) 1,073,565 49.2% −15.9%
Republican Ed Gillespie 1,055,89448.3%+14.6%
Libertarian Robert Sarvis 53,0982.4%+1.9%
Write-ins1,7690.1%
Plurality17,6710.8%-30.5%
Turnout 2,184,326
Democratic hold Swing
U.S. House of Representatives

Candidates for the U.S. House: [54]

1st District: Xavian Draper [55] 2nd District: Allen Knapp [56] 3rd District: Justin Upshaw [57] 4th District: Bo Brown 5th District: Paul Jones [58] 6th District: Will Hammer [59] 7th District: James Carr 8th District: Jeffrey Carson [60] 9th District: Matthew Edwards [61] 10th District: Bill Redpath [45] 11th District: Marc Harrold [62]

For the first time in its history, the Libertarian Party of Virginia had a full slate of candidates for the U.S. Congress in Virginia. Collectively, the candidates submitted well over 30,000 signatures by the June 10th deadline. This would have been the first time any party other than the Democratic and Republican Parties ran a full slate for U.S. House in Virginia since 1916; however, Xavian Draper, Allen Knapp, Justin Upshaw, and Matthew Edwards did not submit enough valid signatures to qualify for a position on the ballot. [58] [63] [64] [65]

Therefore, seven candidates ran for various seats in Congress. Bo Brown earned 2.2% in the 4th district. Paul Jones had 2.1% in the 5th district. Will Hammer garnered 12.3% in the 6th district. James Carr obtained 2.1% in the 7th district. Jeffrey Carson received 2.2% in the 8th district. Bill Redpath had 1.5% in the 10th district, and Marc Harrold earned 1.7% in the 11th district. In total, there were over 47,000 votes cast for Libertarian candidates running for Congress in 2014.

United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia, 2014 [53]
PartyVotesPercentageSeats beforeSeats after+/–
Republican 1,143,69253.6%880
Democratic 845,84539.6%330
Libertarian 47,0372.2%00-
Independent Greens 30,6611.4%00-
Green 1,7390.1%00-
Independents/Write-In 66,1903.1%00-
Totals2,135,164100%1111—

2015 state elections

House of Delegates

Four candidates ran for various seats in the Virginia House of Delegates. Will Hammer earned 23.9% in the 20th district. [66] Mark Anderson had 3.6% in the 33rd district. [67] Andy Bakker garnered 4.5% in the 46th district, [68] and Brian Suojanen obtained 2.1% in the 87th district. [69] In total, there were nearly 5,000 votes cast for Libertarian candidates running for the Virginia House of Delegates. [70]

Senate of Virginia

Carl Loser ran for the Senate of Virginia in the 10th district. Loser had 1.0% of the vote, or 527 votes. [71]

2016 presidential election

Gary Johnson got 3.0% of the vote.

United States presidential election in Virginia, 2016
PartyCandidateRunning mateVotesPercentageElectoral votes
Democratic Hillary Clinton Tim Kaine 1,981,47349.7%13
Republican Donald Trump Mike Pence 1,769,44344.4%0
Libertarian Gary Johnson William Weld 118,2743.0%0
Independent Evan McMullin Mindy Finn 54,0541.4%0
Green Jill Stein Ajamu Baraka 27,6380.7%0
Independent (Write-in)
-
-
33,7490.9%0
Totals3,984,631100%13
Voter turnout (voting age population)71.3%
Source: Virginia Department of Elections

2017 state elections

Candidates running in 2017 include Will Hammer in the 20th district, [72] Michael Millner in the 22nd district; [73] and Terry Hurst in the 89th district. [74]

Virginia gubernatorial election, 2017 [75]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Democratic Ralph Northam 1,409,175 53.9% +6.2%
Republican Ed Gillespie 1,175,73145.0%−0.3%
Libertarian Cliff Hyra27,9871.1%−5.5%
Write-ins1,3890.1%−0.4%
Majority233,4448.9%+6.4%
Turnout 2,614,282

2018 midterm election

Matt Waters was the Libertarian nominee for the U.S. Senate. [76] He received 1.84% of the vote.

United States Senate election in Virginia, 2018 [77]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Democratic Tim Kaine (incumbent) 1,910,370 57.00% +4.17%
Republican Corey Stewart 1,374,31341.01%−5.91%
Libertarian Matt Waters61,5651.84%N/A
Write-in 5,1250.15%N/A
Total votes3,351,373 100.00% N/A

2020 presidential election

Libertarian presidential nominee Jo Jorgensen received 1.45% of the vote in Virginia.

2020 United States presidential election in Virginia [78]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Democratic Joe Biden
Kamala Harris 		2,413,568 54.11% +4.38%
Republican Donald Trump
Mike Pence 		1,962,43044.00%−0.41%
Libertarian Jo Jorgensen
Spike Cohen 		64,7611.45%−1.52%
Write-in 19,7650.44%-0.41%
Total votes4,460,524 100.00%

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peace and Freedom Party</span> American left-wing political party

The Peace and Freedom Party (PFP) is a left-wing political party with ballot status in California. Its first candidates appeared on the 1966 New York ballot. The Peace and Freedom Party of California was organized in early 1967, gathering over 103,000 registrants which qualified its ballot status in January 1968 under the California Secretary of State Report of Registration.

Ballot access are rules and procedures regulating the right to candidacy, the conditions under which a candidate, political party, or ballot measure is entitled to appear on voters' ballots in elections in the United States. The jurisprudence of the right to candidacy and right to create a political party are less clear than voting rights in the United States. However, the U.S. Supreme Court has established in multiple cases that the federal constitution does not recognize a fundamental right to candidacy, and that state governments have a legitimate government interest in blocking "frivolous or fraudulent candidacies". As election processes are decentralized by Article I, Section 4, of the United States Constitution, ballot access laws are established and enforced by the states. As a result, ballot access processes may vary from one state to another. State access requirements for candidates generally pertain to personal qualities of a candidate, such as: minimum age, residency, and citizenship. Additionally, many states require prospective candidates to collect a specified number of qualified voters' signatures on petitions of support and mandate the payment of filing fees before granting access; ballot measures are similarly regulated. Each state also regulates how political parties qualify for automatic ballot access, and how those minor parties that do not can. Fundamental to democracy, topics related to ballot access are the subject of considerable debate in the United States.

A write-in candidate is a candidate whose name does not appear on the ballot but seeks election by asking voters to cast a vote for the candidate by physically writing in the person's name on the ballot. Depending on electoral law it may be possible to win an election by winning a sufficient number of such write-in votes, which count equally as if the person were formally listed on the ballot.

The Oklahoma Libertarian Party is the state affiliate of the Libertarian Party in Oklahoma. It has been active in state politics since the 1970s, but due to Oklahoma's ballot access requirements the party has been an officially recognized party during only portions of the last twenty-five years. In 2016, The Oklahoma Libertarian Party regained ballot access. The state party has secured ballot access through at least 2024.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">U.S. Marijuana Party</span> Political party

The U.S. Marijuana Party is a cannabis political party in the United States founded in 2002 by Loretta Nall specifically to end the war on drugs and to legalize cannabis. Their policies also include other socially libertarian positions. U.S. Marijuana Party candidates in Vermont have run campaigns as recently as 2016. The party has had local chapters in several other states, and has been affiliated with international cannabis political parties.

The Independent Greens of Virginia was the state affiliate of the Independence Party of America in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It became a state party around 2003 when a faction of the Arlington local chapter of the Green Party of Virginia (GPVA) split from the main party. As of 2011, it bills itself as a "fiscally conservative, socially responsible green party", with an emphasis on rail transportation and "more candidates". In support of wider ballot participation, it endorses many independent candidates who are not affiliated with the party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Green Party of Arkansas</span> Arkansas affiliate of the Green Party

The Green Party of Arkansas is the state party organization for Arkansas of the Green Party of the United States.

Electoral reform in Virginia refers to efforts to change the electoral system in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Virginia has undergone much electoral change since its settling in 1607, many of which were required by federal legislation. However, it remains a relatively conservative state in this respect compared to California and others which have experimented with various alternative systems.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Virginia State Board of Elections</span>

The Virginia State Board of Elections (SBE) was created in 1946 as a nonpolitical agency responsible for ensuring uniformity, fairness, accuracy and purity in all elections in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The SBE promotes the proper administration of election laws, campaign finance disclosure compliance, and voter registration processes in the state by promulgating rules, regulations, issuing instructions, and providing information to local electoral boards and general registrars. In addition, the SBE maintains a centralized database of statewide voter registration and election related data.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2012 United States presidential election</span> 57th quadrennial U.S. presidential election

The 2012 United States presidential election was the 57th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 6, 2012. Incumbent Democratic president Barack Obama and his running mate, incumbent vice president Joe Biden, were re-elected to a second term. They defeated the Republican ticket of former governor of Massachusetts Mitt Romney and U.S. representative Paul Ryan of Wisconsin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2013 Virginia gubernatorial election</span>

The 2013 Virginia gubernatorial election took place on November 5, 2013, to elect the governor of Virginia. The incumbent governor, Republican Bob McDonnell, was not eligible to run for re-election due to term limits established by the Virginia Constitution. Virginia is the only state that prohibits its governor from serving immediate successive terms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2013 United States gubernatorial elections</span>

United States gubernatorial elections were held on November 5, 2013 in New Jersey and Virginia. These elections formed part of the 2013 United States elections. Before the elections, both seats were held by Republicans. Republican incumbent Chris Christie won reelection in New Jersey, while in Virginia, Democrat Terry McAuliffe won the open seat held by term-limited Republican Bob McDonnell.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2013 Virginia elections</span>

The following offices were up for election in the United States Commonwealth of Virginia in the November 5, 2013 general election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2014 United States Senate election in Virginia</span>

The 2014 United States Senate election in Virginia was held on November 4, 2014, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the Commonwealth of Virginia, concurrently with other elections to the United States Senate, elections to the United States House of Representatives, and various state and local elections.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia</span>

The 2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia were held on Tuesday, November 4, 2014, to elect the 11 members from the state of Virginia to the United States House of Representatives, one from each of the state's 11 congressional districts. On the same day, elections took place for other federal and state offices, including an election to the United States Senate. Primary elections, in which party nominees were chosen, were held on June 10, 2014.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Sarvis</span> American politician (born 1976)

Robert Christopher Sarvis is an American attorney. While attending law school, he was the co-founder and editor-in-chief of the NYU Journal of Law & Liberty; he also clerked for Judge E. Grady Jolly on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. In addition, he has been a software developer, being named by Google as a Grand Prize Winner for their Android Development challenge.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rocky De La Fuente</span> American businessman and perennial candidate (born 1954)

Roque "Rocky" De La Fuente Guerra is an American businessman and politician. A perennial candidate, De La Fuente was the Reform Party nominee in the 2016 and 2020 United States presidential elections. He also appeared on his own American Delta Party's presidential ticket in 2016, and on those of the Alliance Party and American Independent Party in 2020.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2016 United States presidential election in Maine</span>

The 2016 United States presidential election in Maine was held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016, as part of the 2016 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. Maine voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote, pitting the Republican Party's nominee, businessman Donald Trump, and running mate Indiana Governor Mike Pence against Democratic Party nominee, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, and her running mate Virginia Senator Tim Kaine. Maine has four electoral votes in the Electoral College. Unlike all other states except Nebraska, Maine awards two electoral votes based on the statewide vote, and one vote for each congressional district. The last time it did so was in 1828.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia</span>

The 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia were held on November 6, 2018, to elect the 11 U.S. representatives from the state of Virginia, one from each of the state's 11 congressional districts. The elections coincided with other states' elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections. Primary elections took place on June 12.

References

  1. ↑ "Elected Officials" . Retrieved June 1, 2024.
  2. ↑ "Articles of Dissolution – Libertarian Party of Virginia, Inc", Secretary of the Commonwealth of Virginia, 2023-05-23, retrieved 2023-06-25
  3. ↑ "Classical Liberal Party of Virginia – Classical Liberal Party of Virginia" . Retrieved 2023-06-25.
  4. ↑ "Affiliates". Association of Liberty State Parties. Retrieved 2023-06-25.
  5. ↑ "How did Virginia's ballot access get so strict?". Richmond Times Dispatch . Dec 31, 2012. Retrieved Mar 26, 2014.
  6. ↑ "Virginia primary voters should be allowed to vote for the GOP nominee of their choice". Slate. Jan 3, 2012. Retrieved Mar 26, 2014.
  7. ↑ "§ 24.2-506. Petition of qualified voters required; number of signatures required; certain towns excepted".
  8. ↑ Cain, Andrew. "Libertarian Gary Johnson, Green Party's Jill Stein, independent Evan McMullin make Virginia's presidential ballot". Richmond Times-Dispatch.
  9. ↑ "§ 24.2-543. How other groups may submit names of electors; oaths of electors".
  10. 1 2 3 4 "State Residency Requirement for Petition Circulators". ACLU . 11 June 2012. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
  11. ↑ "Fredericksburg business owner launches write-in bid for U.S. Senate". Stafford County Sun. June 17, 2014. Archived from the original on June 19, 2014. Retrieved June 24, 2014. he does not have the $45,000 to $90,000 he said he was quoted to get petition signatures to get on the ballot
  12. ↑ "A Vote for Sarvis Not Wasted – If You'd Like to See a Viable Third Party in Virginia". Bacon's Rebellion. September 28, 2013. Archived from the original on March 16, 2014. Retrieved March 26, 2014.
  13. ↑ "ACLU, Va. Libertarians, sue over ballot-access rules". Richmond Times Dispatch . Jan 18, 2013. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
  14. ↑ "Robert C. Sarvis, et al. v. Charles E. Judd, et al" (PDF). The Rutherford Institute. July 2, 2014. Retrieved July 3, 2014.
  15. ↑ "Libertarian Party Wins Virginia Lawsuit Against Circulator Residency Requirement". Ballot Access News . May 29, 2013. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
  16. ↑ "Libertarian Party Wins Virginia Ballot Access Suit". Democracy Chronicles. May 30, 2013. Retrieved March 24, 2013.
  17. ↑ "No. 13-231" (PDF). Supreme Court of the United States. Oct 31, 2013. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
  18. ↑ "No. 13-231" (PDF). Supreme Court of the United States. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
  19. ↑ "Seven States Ask U.S. Supreme Court to Reverse Virginia Libertarian Party Victory on Residency for Circulators". Ballot Access News . Sep 25, 2013. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
  20. ↑ "Judd v. Libertarian Party of Virginia Petition for certiorari denied on December 2, 2013". Supreme Court of the United States. Dec 2, 2013. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
  21. ↑ "Rutherford Institute Files First Amendment Lawsuit Challenging Discriminatory Election Laws that Favor Major Party Candidates over Independent, Minor Ones". The Rutherford Institute. July 2, 2014. Retrieved July 4, 2014.
  22. ↑ "Robert C. Sarvis, et al. v. Charles E. Judd" (PDF).
  23. ↑ "Rutherford Institute files suit on behalf of third-party candidates". Daily Press. July 3, 2014. Retrieved July 3, 2014.
  24. ↑ "Libertarian Party challenges Virginia ballot laws". WDBJ7. July 3, 2014. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 4, 2014.
  25. ↑ "Virginia Libertarian Party Office Holders". Libertarian Party of Virginia. Retrieved March 26, 2014.
  26. ↑ "Virginia Libertarian Elected To Local Office". Libertarian Party. May 7, 2014. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
  27. ↑ "PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY Election Results". Virginia State Board of Elections. May 6, 2014. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
  28. ↑ "Development Awaits in New Year". The Connection. January 2, 2007. Retrieved March 26, 2014.
  29. ↑ "Outgoing council members appointed to planning commission". The Roanoke Times . June 26, 2008. Retrieved March 26, 2014.
  30. ↑ "Town of Blacksburg Bicycle and Pedestrian Master Plan" (PDF). Blacksburg Corridor Committee. March 16, 2013. Retrieved March 26, 2014.
  31. ↑ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional election of November 7, 2000" (PDF). Clerk.house.gov. Retrieved 2016-05-23.
  32. 1 2 "Virginia Election Results- November 6, 2001". Archived from the original on December 28, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2013.
  33. ↑ "One statewide candidate has a single goal: to legalize pot". Style Weekly. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
  34. ↑ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional election of November 2, 2004" (PDF). Clerk.house.gov. Retrieved 2016-05-23.
  35. ↑ "2006 Election Statistics". house.gov.
  36. ↑ "November 2008 Official Results". Virginia State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on February 26, 2012. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
  37. ↑ "2008 Election Statistics". house.gov.
  38. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on April 1, 2012. Retrieved July 21, 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  39. ↑ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional election of November 4, 2008" (PDF). Clerk.house.gov. Retrieved 2016-05-23.
  40. ↑ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional election of November 2, 2010" (PDF). Clerk.house.gov. Retrieved 2016-05-23.
  41. ↑ Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives. "Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives". house.gov.
  42. ↑ "November 6, 2012 General Election Official Results". Virginia State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on May 10, 2013. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
  43. ↑ "Virginia Elections Database » 2013 House of Delegates General Election District 23".
  44. ↑ "General Election – November 5, 2013". Virginia State Board of Elections . November 5, 2013. Archived from the original on June 15, 2013. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
  45. 1 2 "LPVA - Our Candidates". Lpva.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-26. Retrieved 2016-05-23.
  46. ↑ Winger, Richard (2013-06-12). "Rob Sarvis, Libertarian Candidate for Governor of Virginia, Submits 18,000 Signatures". Ballot Access News . Retrieved 2013-06-15.
  47. ↑ "Libertarian Candidate Robert Sarvis Makes the Ballot in Virginia Governor's Race". Charlottesville Newsplex . 2013-06-26. Retrieved 2013-06-26.
  48. ↑ "Unofficial Results – General Election". Virginia State Board of Elections. November 5, 2013. Archived from the original on November 9, 2013. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
  49. ↑ "Libertarian Robert Sarvis Pulls 6.6 Percent in Virginia Governor's Race, Almost Five Times Better Than Gary Johnson Last November". Reason Magazine . November 6, 2013. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
  50. ↑ "Sarvis could secure Libertarians' ballot access through 2021". WTVR.com. 5 November 2013. Retrieved 2016-05-23.
  51. ↑ Jacobs, Ben (November 8, 2013). "Libertarian Robert Sarvis Drew Record High Votes in Virginia". The Daily Beast . Retrieved November 9, 2013.
  52. ↑ "Unofficial Results - General Election - November 5, 2013". Virginia State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on November 9, 2013. Retrieved November 7, 2013.
  53. 1 2 "Election Results | Virginia Department of Elections". Archived from the original on November 7, 2014. Retrieved November 5, 2014.
  54. ↑ "Record number of Virginia Libertarian candidates aim for 2014 ballot". wtvr.com. May 7, 2014. Retrieved May 8, 2014.
  55. ↑ "Xavian Draper for U.S Congress". Archived from the original on February 3, 2014. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  56. ↑ "What is your essay about? Essayabout.org knows the answer". Knappforcongress.com. Retrieved 2016-05-23.
  57. ↑ "Archived copy". Facebook . Archived from the original on November 4, 2014. Retrieved April 30, 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  58. 1 2 "Libertarians raise their profile with full slate". Roanoke Free press. June 11, 2014. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  59. ↑ "Will Hammer – LIVE FREE(R) IN AN UNFREE WORLD". Will Hammer.
  60. ↑ Jeffrey Carson for Congress. "Jeffrey Carson for Congress". Jeffreycarson.com. Archived from the original on 2016-05-28. Retrieved 2016-05-23.
  61. ↑ "(1) Matthew C. Edwards". Facebook . Archived from the original on April 28, 2014. Retrieved April 30, 2014.
  62. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on May 2, 2014. Retrieved April 30, 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  63. ↑ "Virginia libertarians recruit full slate for congress". BearingDrift. May 22, 2014. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  64. ↑ "Virginia Libertarians are First Non-Major Party in 98 Years to Nominate a Full Slate for U.S. House". Ballot Access News. May 23, 2014. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  65. ↑ "Candidate List | Virginia Department of Elections". Sbe.virginia.gov. Retrieved 2016-05-23.
  66. ↑ "Virginia Elections Database » 2015 House of Delegates General Election District 20".
  67. ↑ "Virginia Elections Database » 2015 House of Delegates General Election District 33".
  68. ↑ "Virginia Elections Database » 2015 House of Delegates General Election District 46".
  69. ↑ "Virginia Elections Database » 2015 House of Delegates General Election District 87".
  70. ↑ "2015 November General". Results.elections.virginia.gov. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
  71. ↑ "Virginia Elections Database » 2015 Senate of Virginia General Election District 10".
  72. ↑ "vpap.org". The Virginia Public Access Project.
  73. ↑ "vpap.org". The Virginia Public Access Project.
  74. ↑ "vpap.org". The Virginia Public Access Project.
  75. ↑ "2017 November General". Results.elections.virginia.gov. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
  76. ↑ "Meet Libertarian Virginia senate candidate Matt Waters: ‘Politicians in both parties are not being honest’ ", WTVR.com. October 30, 2018
  77. ↑ "2018 November General". Elections.virginia.gov/. Retrieved February 23, 2019.
  78. ↑ "2020 November General". results.elections.virginia.gov. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.