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This is a list of the candidates for the offices of president of the United States and vice president of the United States of the Libertarian Party. Opponents who received over one percent of the popular vote or ran an official campaign that received Electoral College votes are listed. Offices held prior to Election Day are included, and those held on Election Day have an italicized end date.
Presidential nominee | 1972 (lost) | Vice presidential nominee | |
---|---|---|---|
John Hospers of CA (1918–2011) |
|
| Tonie Nathan of OR (1923–2014) |
Opponent(s) Richard Nixon (Republican) George McGovern (Democratic) John Schmitz (American Independent) |
| Opponent(s) Spiro Agnew (Republican) Sargent Shriver (Democratic) Thomas Anderson (American Independent) |
Presidential nominee | 1976 (lost) | Vice presidential nominee | |
---|---|---|---|
Roger MacBride of VT (1929–1995) |
|
| David Bergland of CA (1935–2019) |
Opponent(s) Jimmy Carter (Democratic) Gerald Ford (Republican) |
| Opponent(s) Walter Mondale (Democratic) Bob Dole (Republican) |
Presidential nominee | 1980 (lost) | Vice presidential nominee | |
---|---|---|---|
Ed Clark of CA (born 1930) |
|
| David Koch of KS (1940–2019) |
Opponent(s) Ronald Reagan (Republican) Jimmy Carter (Democratic) John B. Anderson (Independent) |
| Opponent(s) George H. W. Bush (Republican) Walter Mondale (Democratic) Patrick Lucey (Independent) |
Presidential nominee | 1984 (lost) | Vice presidential nominee | |
---|---|---|---|
David Bergland of CA (1935–2019) |
|
| Jim Lewis of CT (1933–1997) |
Opponent(s) Ronald Reagan (Republican) Walter Mondale (Democratic) |
| Opponent(s) George H. W. Bush (Republican) Geraldine Ferraro (Democratic) |
Presidential nominee | 1988 (lost) | Vice presidential nominee | |
---|---|---|---|
Ron Paul of TX (born 1935) |
|
| Andre Marrou of AK (born 1938) |
Opponent(s) George H. W. Bush (Republican) Michael Dukakis (Democratic) |
| Opponent(s) Dan Quayle (Republican) Lloyd Bentsen (Democratic) |
Presidential nominee | 1992 (lost) | Vice presidential nominee | |
---|---|---|---|
Andre Marrou of AK (born 1938) |
|
| Nancy Lord of NV (1952–2022) |
Opponent(s) Bill Clinton (Democratic) George H. W. Bush (Republican) Ross Perot (Independent) |
| Opponent(s) Al Gore (Democratic) Dan Quayle (Republican) James Stockdale (Independent) |
Presidential nominee | 1996 (lost), 2000 (lost) | Vice presidential nominee | |
---|---|---|---|
Harry Browne of TN (1933–2006) |
|
| Jo Jorgensen of SC (born 1957) (1996) |
| Art Olivier of CA (born 1957) (2000) | ||
Opponent(s) Bill Clinton (Democratic) Bob Dole (Republican) Ross Perot (Reform) |
| Opponent(s) Al Gore (Democratic) Jack Kemp (Republican) Pat Choate (Reform) | |
Opponent(s) George W. Bush (Republican) Al Gore (Democratic) Ralph Nader (Green) |
| Opponent(s) Dick Cheney (Republican) Joe Lieberman (Democratic) Winona LaDuke (Green) |
Presidential nominee | 2004 (lost) | Vice presidential nominee | |
---|---|---|---|
Michael Badnarik of TX (1954-2022) |
|
| Richard Campagna of IA (born 1960) |
Opponent(s) George W. Bush (Republican) John Kerry (Democratic) |
| Opponent(s) Dick Cheney (Republican) John Edwards (Democratic) |
Presidential nominee | 2008 (lost) | Vice presidential nominee | |
---|---|---|---|
Bob Barr of GA (born 1948) |
|
| Wayne Root of NV (born 1961) |
Opponent(s) Barack Obama (Democratic) John McCain (Republican) |
| Opponent(s) Joe Biden (Democratic) Sarah Palin (Republican) |
Presidential nominee | 2012 (lost), 2016 (lost) | Vice presidential nominee | |
---|---|---|---|
Gary Johnson of NM (born 1953) |
|
| Jim Gray of CA (born 1945) (2012) |
| Bill Weld of MA (born 1945) (2016) | ||
Opponent(s) Barack Obama (Democratic) Mitt Romney (Republican) |
| Opponent(s) Joe Biden (Democratic) Paul Ryan (Republican) | |
Opponent(s) Donald Trump (Republican) Hillary Clinton (Democratic) Jill Stein (Green) |
| Opponent(s) Mike Pence (Republican) Tim Kaine (Democratic) Ajamu Baraka (Green) |
Presidential nominee | 2020 (lost) | Vice presidential nominee | |
---|---|---|---|
Jo Jorgensen of SC (born 1957) |
|
| Spike Cohen of SC (born 1982) |
Opponent(s) Joe Biden (Democratic) Donald Trump (Republican) |
| Opponent(s) Kamala Harris (Democratic) Mike Pence (Republican) |
Presidential nominee | 2024 (pending) | Vice presidential nominee | |
---|---|---|---|
Chase Oliver of GA (born 1985) |
|
| Mike ter Maat of VA (born 1961) |
Opponent(s) Donald Trump (Republican) |
| Opponent(s) J. D. Vance (Republican) |
Presidential elections were held in the United States from November 1 to December 6, 1820. Taking place at the height of the Era of Good Feelings, the election saw incumbent Democratic-Republican President James Monroe win reelection without a major opponent. It was the third and the most recent United States presidential election in which a presidential candidate ran effectively unopposed. James Monroe's re-election marked the first time in U.S. history that a third consecutive president won a second election.
In the United States, the Electoral College is the group of presidential electors that is formed every four years during the presidential election for the sole purpose of voting for the president and vice president. The process is described in Article Two of the Constitution. The number of electoral votes exercised by each state is equal to that state's congressional delegation which is the number of Senators (two) plus the number of Representatives for that state. Each state appoints electors using legal procedures determined by its legislature. Federal office holders, including senators and representatives, cannot be electors. Additionally, the Twenty-third Amendment granted the federal District of Columbia three electors. A simple majority of electoral votes is required to elect the president and vice president. If no candidate achieves a majority, a contingent election is held by the House of Representatives, to elect the president, and by the Senate, to elect the vice president.
In the United States Electoral College, a faithless elector is generally a party representative who does not have faith in the election result within their region and instead votes for another person for one or both offices, or abstains from voting. As part of United States presidential elections, each state legislates the method by which its electors are to be selected. Many states require electors to have pledged to vote for the candidates of their party if appointed. The consequences of an elector voting in a way inconsistent with their pledge vary from state to state.
The 2004 United States presidential election in Minnesota took place on November 2, 2004, as part of the 2004 United States presidential election. Voters chose ten representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 2004 United States presidential election in Utah took place on November 2, 2004. It was part of the 2004 United States presidential election. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 2004 United States presidential election in Alaska took place on November 2, 2004, and was part of the 2004 United States presidential election. Voters chose 3 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 2008 United States presidential election in Alaska took place on November 4, 2008, as part of the nationwide presidential election held throughout all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Voters chose 3 electors, or representatives to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 2008 United States presidential election in Georgia took place on November 4, 2008. Voters chose 15 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The election of the president and for vice president of the United States is an indirect election in which citizens of the United States who are registered to vote in one of the fifty U.S. states or in Washington, D.C., cast ballots not directly for those offices, but instead for members of the Electoral College. These electors then cast direct votes, known as electoral votes, for president and for vice president. The candidate who receives an absolute majority of electoral votes is then elected to that office. If no candidate receives an absolute majority of the votes for president, the House of Representatives elects the president; likewise if no one receives an absolute majority of the votes for vice president, then the Senate elects the vice president.
The 2016 United States presidential election in Texas took place on November 8, 2016, as part of the 2016 United States presidential election. Primary elections were held on March 1, 2016.
In the United States, a contingent election is used to elect the president or vice president if no candidate receives a majority of the whole number of electors appointed. A presidential contingent election is decided by a special vote of the United States House of Representatives, while a vice-presidential contingent election is decided by a vote of the United States Senate. During a contingent election in the House, each state delegation votes en bloc to choose the president instead of representatives voting individually. Senators, by contrast, cast votes individually for vice president.
The 2020 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on Tuesday, November 3, 2020, as part of the 2020 United States presidential election in which all 50 states and the District of Columbia participated. Alabama voters chose nine electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting incumbent Republican President Donald Trump and his running mate, incumbent Vice President Mike Pence, against Democratic challenger and former Vice President Joe Biden and his running mate, United States Senator Kamala Harris of California. Also on the ballot was the Libertarian nominee, psychology lecturer Jo Jorgensen and her running mate, entrepreneur and podcaster Spike Cohen. Write-in candidates were permitted without registration, and their results were not individually counted.