This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
|
This is a list of the candidates for the offices of president of the United States and vice president of the United States of the Libertarian Party. Opponents who received over one percent of the popular vote or ran an official campaign that received Electoral College votes are listed. Offices held prior to Election Day are included, and those held on Election Day have an italicized end date.
Presidential nominee | 1972 (lost) | Vice presidential nominee | |
---|---|---|---|
John Hospers of CA (1918–2011) |
|
| Toni Nathan of OR (1923–2014) |
Opponent(s) Richard Nixon (Republican) George McGovern (Democratic) John Schmitz (American Independent) |
| Opponent(s) Spiro Agnew (Republican) Sargent Shriver (Democratic) Thomas Anderson (American Independent) |
Presidential nominee | 1976 (lost) | Vice presidential nominee | |
---|---|---|---|
Roger MacBride of VT (1929–1995) |
|
| David Bergland of CA (1935–2019) |
Opponent(s) Jimmy Carter (Democratic) Gerald Ford (Republican) |
| Opponent(s) Walter Mondale (Democratic) Bob Dole (Republican) |
Presidential nominee | 1980 (lost) | Vice presidential nominee | |
---|---|---|---|
Ed Clark of CA (born 1930) |
|
| David Koch of KS (1940–2019) |
Opponent(s) Ronald Reagan (Republican) Jimmy Carter (Democratic) John B. Anderson (Independent) |
| Opponent(s) George H. W. Bush (Republican) Walter Mondale (Democratic) Patrick Lucey (Independent) |
Presidential nominee | 1984 (lost) | Vice presidential nominee | |
---|---|---|---|
David Bergland of CA (1935–2019) |
|
| Jim Lewis of CT (1933–1997) |
Opponent(s) Ronald Reagan (Republican) Walter Mondale (Democratic) |
| Opponent(s) George H. W. Bush (Republican) Geraldine Ferraro (Democratic) |
Presidential nominee | 1988 (lost) | Vice presidential nominee | |
---|---|---|---|
Ron Paul of TX (born 1935) |
|
| Andre Marrou of AK (born 1938) |
Opponent(s) George H. W. Bush (Republican) Michael Dukakis (Democratic) |
| Opponent(s) Dan Quayle (Republican) Lloyd Bentsen (Democratic) |
Presidential nominee | 1992 (lost) | Vice presidential nominee | |
---|---|---|---|
Andre Marrou of AK (born 1938) |
|
| Nancy Lord of NV (born 1952) |
Opponent(s) Bill Clinton (Democratic) George H. W. Bush (Republican) Ross Perot (Independent) |
| Opponent(s) Al Gore (Democratic) Dan Quayle (Republican) James Stockdale (Independent) |
Presidential nominee | 1996 (lost), 2000 (lost) | Vice presidential nominee | |
---|---|---|---|
Harry Browne of TN (1933–2006) |
|
| Jo Jorgensen of SC (born 1957) (1996) |
| Art Olivier of CA (born 1957) (2000) | ||
Opponent(s) Bill Clinton (Democratic) Bob Dole (Republican) Ross Perot (Reform) |
| Opponent(s) Al Gore (Democratic) Jack Kemp (Republican) Pat Choate (Reform) | |
Opponent(s) George W. Bush (Republican) Al Gore (Democratic) Ralph Nader (Green) |
| Opponent(s) Dick Cheney (Republican) Joe Lieberman (Democratic) Winona LaDuke (Green) |
Presidential nominee | 2004 (lost) | Vice presidential nominee | |
---|---|---|---|
Michael Badnarik of TX (1954-2022) |
|
| Richard Campagna of IA (born 1960) |
Opponent(s) George W. Bush (Republican) John Kerry (Democratic) |
| Opponent(s) Dick Cheney (Republican) John Edwards (Democratic) |
Presidential nominee | 2008 (lost) | Vice presidential nominee | |
---|---|---|---|
Bob Barr of GA (born 1948) |
|
| Wayne Root of NV (born 1961) |
Opponent(s) Barack Obama (Democratic) John McCain (Republican) |
| Opponent(s) Joe Biden (Democratic) Sarah Palin (Republican) |
Presidential nominee | 2012 (lost), 2016 (lost) | Vice presidential nominee | |
---|---|---|---|
Gary Johnson of NM (born 1953) |
|
| Jim Gray of CA (born 1945) (2012) |
| Bill Weld of MA (born 1945) (2016) | ||
Opponent(s) Barack Obama (Democratic) Mitt Romney (Republican) |
| Opponent(s) Joe Biden (Democratic) Paul Ryan (Republican) | |
Opponent(s) Donald Trump (Republican) Hillary Clinton (Democratic) Jill Stein (Green) |
| Opponent(s) Mike Pence (Republican) Tim Kaine (Democratic) Ajamu Baraka (Green) |
Presidential nominee | 2020 (lost) | Vice presidential nominee | |
---|---|---|---|
Jo Jorgensen of SC (born 1957) |
|
| Spike Cohen of SC (born 1982) |
Opponent(s) Joe Biden (Democratic) Donald Trump (Republican) |
| Opponent(s) Kamala Harris (Democratic) Mike Pence (Republican) |
The 1820 United States presidential election was the ninth quadrennial presidential election. It was held from Wednesday, November 1, to Wednesday, December 6, 1820. Taking place at the height of the Era of Good Feelings, the election saw incumbent Democratic-Republican President James Monroe win re-election without a major opponent. It was the third and the most recent United States presidential election in which a presidential candidate ran effectively unopposed. As of 2024, this is the most recent presidential election where an incumbent president was re-elected who was neither a Democrat nor a Republican, before the Democratic-Republican party split into separate parties.
In the United States, the Electoral College is the group of presidential electors that is formed every four years for the sole purpose of voting for the president and vice president. The process is described in Article II of the U.S. Constitution. Each state appoints electors under the methods described by its legislature, equal in number to its congressional delegation totaling 535 electors. A 1961 amendment granted the federal District of Columbia three electors. Of the current 538 electors, a simple majority of 270 or more electoral votes is required to elect the president and vice president. If no candidate achieves a majority there, a contingent election is held by the House of Representatives to elect the president and by the Senate to elect the vice president. Federal office holders, including senators and representatives, cannot be electors.
Theodora Nathalia "Tonie" Nathan was an American radio producer, television producer, and political activist. She was the first woman to receive an electoral vote in a United States presidential election. She was the 1972 vice presidential nominee of the Libertarian Party and running mate of John Hospers, when Roger MacBride, a Republican elector from Virginia, cast the historic vote as a faithless elector.
In the United States Electoral College, a faithless elector is an elector who does not vote for the candidates for U.S. President and U.S. Vice President for whom the elector had pledged to vote, and instead votes for another person for one or both offices or abstains from voting. As part of United States presidential elections, each state selects the method by which its electors are to be selected, which in modern times has been based on a popular vote in most states, and generally requires its electors to have pledged to vote for the candidates of their party if appointed. A pledged elector is only considered a faithless elector by breaking their pledge; unpledged electors have no pledge to break. The consequences of an elector voting in a way inconsistent with their pledge vary from state to state.
The 2004 United States presidential election in Missouri took place on November 2, 2004, and was part of the 2004 United States presidential election. Voters chose 11 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 2004 United States presidential election in Utah took place on November 2, 2004. It was part of the 2004 United States presidential election. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 2008 United States presidential election in Alaska took place on November 4, 2008, as part of the nationwide presidential election held throughout all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Voters chose 3 electors, or representatives to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The election of the president and the vice president of the United States is an indirect election in which citizens of the United States who are registered to vote in one of the fifty U.S. states or in Washington, D.C., cast ballots not directly for those offices, but instead for members of the Electoral College. These electors then cast direct votes, known as electoral votes, for president, and for vice president. The candidate who receives an absolute majority of electoral votes is then elected to that office. If no candidate receives an absolute majority of the votes for president, the House of Representatives elects the president; likewise if no one receives an absolute majority of the votes for vice president, then the Senate elects the vice president.
In the United States, a contingent election is used to elect the president or vice president if no candidate receives a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed. A presidential contingent election is decided by a special vote of the United States House of Representatives, while a vice-presidential contingent election is decided by a vote of the United States Senate. During a contingent election in the House, each state delegation votes en bloc to choose the president instead of representatives voting individually. Senators, by contrast, cast votes individually for vice president.
In the 2016 United States presidential election, ten members of the Electoral College voted or attempted to vote for a candidate different from the ones to whom they were pledged. Three of these votes were invalidated under the faithless elector laws of their respective states, and the elector either subsequently voted for the pledged candidate or was replaced by someone who did. Although there had been a combined total of 155 instances of individual electors voting faithlessly prior to 2016 in over two centuries of previous US presidential elections, 2016 was the first election in over a hundred years in which multiple electors worked to alter the result of the election.
The 2020 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on Tuesday, November 3, 2020, as part of the 2020 United States presidential election in which all 50 states and the District of Columbia participated. Alabama voters chose nine electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting incumbent Republican President Donald Trump and his running mate, incumbent Vice President Mike Pence, against Democratic challenger and former Vice President Joe Biden and his running mate, United States Senator Kamala Harris of California. Also on the ballot was the Libertarian nominee, psychology lecturer Jo Jorgensen and her running mate, entrepreneur and podcaster Spike Cohen. Write-in candidates were permitted without registration, and their results were not individually counted.